RU1777689C - Machine for application of free-flowing bulk materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: centering the belt of the bottom conveyor. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: additional drums with a cylindrical or conical surface are installed at the ends of the tape drums, on which ribs are mounted which center the tape. Additional drums may be driven. 5 cp f-ly, 9 ill.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, it can be used for dosing and feeding mineral fertilizers, pesticides, seeds and other bulk materials in machines for their application, mixing, transportation and handling.

Bulk material dispensing machines are known which comprise a container whose bottom is the upper branch of an endless belt mounted on pivot drums and scattering tools.

During the operation of the machine, the bulk material in the container is carried out of it by the upper branch of the belt. Then it enters the scattering working bodies and is introduced by them along the working width.

A disadvantage of the known machine is its low reliability due to lateral sliding of the endless belt.

Also known is a machine for introducing bulk materials, comprising a container whose bottom is the upper branch of an endless belt mounted on trunnion drums, and elements that limit the sliding of the belt, which are made in the form of deflector rollers with flanges and mounted on the ends of the lower branch of the belt. the machine is closest to the one proposed in technical essence.

The machine operates as follows.

The upper branch of the belt removes the bulk material from the container in accordance with the dose. It is then applied to the surface of the soil. With lateral displacement of the tape, its edge creeps onto the deflector roller, bends and takes a V-shape. Trying to take a normal flat shape, the edge of the tape creates a lateral force that returns the tape to its original position.

A disadvantage of the known machine for applying bulk materials is the low operational reliability and design complexity.

Relatively low operational reliability occurs for the following reasons. Edge of tape subjected to sharp bending on deflector rollers, intensive w

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but wear out and lose their elastic properties. As the operating time of the tape increases, the size of the lateral sliding of the tape increases, as a result, it fails. In addition, the curved edges of the tape, the passage between the flanges of the deflector roller, experience a certain resistance in the longitudinal direction. This is especially true when machines are used with aggressive materials (e.g., mineral fertilizers). Powdered fertilizer fractions enter the bearings of the deflector rollers and increase the resistance to rotation of the rollers. There is lateral pulling of the tape in the direction of sliding due to the braking of its edge in the corresponding deflector roller. Machines with tapes having increased stiffness and a thickness of 15-20 mm are generally inoperative due to the impossibility of bending the edges of the tape in the deflector rollers.

The presence of several deflector rollers, which must have bearings, axles, mounting brackets, greatly complicates the design of the machine.

The purpose of the invention is to increase operational reliability.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the machine for applying bulk materials containing a container, the bottom of which is the upper branch of the endless belt mounted on the drive and driven drums with pins, and the guide elements of the endless belt, according to the invention, the guide elements are made in the form of additional drums with ribs mounted on the trunnions of the driving drums, the outer ends of the ribs being located in front of the inner ones along the belt, and the ribs of the left drum have an opposite inclination the ribs of the right drum, the outer edges of the ribs being located on the surfaces of rotation; ribs of additional drums can be installed at an angle to their cylindrical surface, while the inclination of the ribs is made along the tape. The invention provides for the installation of the edges of the ribs of additional drums on a cylindrical surface with a diameter equal to the diameter of the driving drum, or the installation of these edges of the ribs on the surface of a truncated cone, the diameter of the small base of which is equal to the diameter of the driving drum. In addition, the ribs of the additional drums can be resilient, and the additional drums themselves can be driven and mounted on the trunnions of the drive drum to rotate relative to it.

The increase in reliability is achieved due to the fact that the series of ribs resist lateral displacement of the tape at their outer longitudinal edges and create a shear force effect on the inner surface of the tape, which tends to move the tape from the additional drum

0 towards the longitudinal axis of the machine.

An analogue of the distinctive part is the drive drum of the conveyor belt, including a casing, end collector discs with vacuum grooves located at an angle to the generatrix and connected to a vacuum source.

During operation of the known machine during rotation of the drum in the grooves creates a vacuum, the conveyor belt is pressed against the surface of the drum. In case of misalignment of the tape, one of the collector discs is disconnected from the vacuum source. As a result of this, there is a redistribution of efforts on the tape and its movement in

5 laterally to a predetermined operating position, after which the second collector disk is reconnected to a vacuum source.

Common essential feature

0 of the proposed device and the known drive drum of the conveyor belt is the installation of elements in contact with the tape (in the proposed device are additional drums

5 with ribs, and in the known device, these are vacuum grooves), at an angle to the axis of the drum.

In the known device, the grooves themselves do not have any bias towards the center affecting the tape. The centering force is due to the difference in the adhesion of the tape to the left and right parts of the drum. A feature of the operation of the proposed device is that the rows of ribs resist lateral displacement of the tape along their outer edges and create a shear force effect on the inner surface of the tape (at the contact points), which tends to move the tape from the rows of ribs into

0 side of the longitudinal axis of the machine.

Figure 1 shows a machine with a rupture of the hopper in the area of the outlet slit; figure 2 - the driving drum with a smooth working surface and guide elements, view

5 on top; in Fig.3 is a view along arrow A in Fig.2; Fig. 4 is a section B-B in Fig. 2 (variant. when the ribs are made elastic and installed with an inclination along the tape), Fig. 5 is the same section, the variant of contact of the tape with the ribs; on figb is a diagram of forces. acting

on the inner surface of the tape from the side of the rib; Fig. 7 is an embodiment of a driving drum with a planar working surface and installation of the guide elements in such a way that their outer longitudinal edges form a truncated cone; Fig. 8 is an embodiment of a driving drum with the installation of guide elements on the trunnions of the drum with the possibility of relative rotation; Fig. 9 is an embodiment of a driven drum with guide elements.

The machine for introducing bulk materials contains a container 1, the bottom of which is the upper branch of the endless belt 2 mounted on the driving drum 3 and the driven drum 4. The driving 3 and driven 4 drums are provided with pins 5 and 6. The upper branch of the belt 2 is supported on rollers 7 set to the full width of the tape. An outlet slit 8 is made in the wall of the container 1, located on the side of the driving drum 3. It is equipped with an adjustment flap 9. At the ends of the driving drum, guide elements of the endless belt are made, made in the form of additional drums 10 with ribs 11 (limiting the lateral sliding of the tape). Each of the drums 10 contains a number of ribs 11 (Figs. 2, 3), which are located on the cylindrical surface of the body of revolution 12, coaxial with the pins 5 of the drum 3. The diameter of the cylindrical surface is equal to the diameter of the drive drum. Thus, the outer edges of the ribs 11 are also forming a cylindrical surface coaxial with the trunnions 5. The outer ends of the ribs are located in front of the inner ones in the direction of movement of the tape, the direction of movement of the tape and rotation of the drums is shown by an arrow in the drawings. Thus, the ribs 11 of both rows are inclined to the axis of the drum at an angle a of 45 °, and the ribs of the left and right additional drums are made with the opposite slope.

The ribs 11 can be made as rigid (figure 2, 3), and elastic (figure 4, 5). In the latter case, the ribs of the additional drums are set at an angle to their cylindrical surface so that their inclination is made along the tape. In this embodiment, the ribs 11 are located at an angle both to the cylindrical surface of the body of revolution 12 and to the trunnion surface concentric with it, and form an angle of 40 ° with the rays passing through the axis of the trunnions of the drum.

The working surface of the driving drum itself, as well as the additional drums, can have various forms of construction. In machines for applying bulk materials (for example, granular mineral fertilizers), it is advisable to make the driving drum with a cylindrical working surface in the form of slats 13 (Fig. 7), mounted on disks 14. which are mounted on pins 5. Depending on the size of the tape 2 and its properties, the difference between the size of the left and right end edges is 10-40 mm. For such conditions, the guiding elements are made in the form of additional drums 10 containing rows of ribs 11 which are located on the surface of the body of revolution 15 having the shape of a truncated cone coaxial with the pins of the drum. Thus, the outer edges of the ribs 11 also form a truncated cone coaxial with the trunnions 5, and the diameter of the small base of the cone is equal to the diameter of the drive drum.

The designs of machines with a relatively high speed of movement of the belt 2, for example for applying calcareous materials, have the following feature. The rotation surface is made in

in the form of a truncated cone 16 (Fig. 8). mounted by means of bearings 17 on pins with the possibility of rotation relative to the drum. The pins 5 of the latter are mounted in cones 18 provided with

bearings. The surfaces of rotation are provided with asterisks 19. 20, and the pin 5 of the drum with an asterisk 21. These sprockets are connected through chains 22 to sprockets 23-25 mounted on

the intermediate shaft 26. This shaft is mounted in housings 27 with bearings and is connected to the drive 28. The outer diameter of the sprockets 19, 20 is smaller than that of the sprocket 21, and the sprockets 23-25 are made with the same outer diameters.

In machines with relatively small drum diameters (e.g., fertilizer or grain sowing machines with belt sowing machines) it is advisable to install rows of ribs directly on the drum pins without an intermediate cylindrical or conical surface, as was the case in previous versions. This form of execution in the drawings is not

is given.

The driven drum 4, depending on the length of the tape, can be made with or without guides of the element. For example, in fertilized and cereal villages with

tape length up to 2 m

elements are optional. Machines with a longer belt length are advantageously equipped with a driven drum equipped with guide elements (Fig. 9). A distinctive feature of the implementation of these elements in the driven drum (Fig. 9) as compared with the driving drum (Fig. 2, 7) is the following. The ribs 11 (Fig. 9) of both rows are inclined to the axis of the driven drum at an angle of р 45 °, the ribs of the left and right rows are made with the opposite inclination. The outer ends of the ribs 11 are located behind the inner ones along the belt.

The machine operates as follows.

Bulk material is loaded into the container 1, then set in accordance with the required feed the height of the outlet slit 8 (Fig. 1) with the help of the adjustment flap 9. The drive is turned on, which drives the drive drum 3. The latter, rotating, carries the tape 2 in motion. The upper branch of the belt, moving, rests on the rollers 7 and carries loose material out of the container 1 through the outlet slot 8. Then the material coming from the discharge end of the belt 2 is reloaded or sown. The driven drum 4 maintains the belt in the required tension and under its action rotates in the direction of movement of the belt.

During operation of the machine, conditions arise for lateral sliding of the tape due to inaccuracy in its manufacture in length and thickness, and also due to the uneven tension of the tape. A feature of the operation of the machine under such conditions is the following. After the ends of the tape come into the ribs 11 (Figs. 2, 3), the latter are pressed into it by deforming the inner surface of the tape 2. The surface of the tape located between the ribs remains in a free position and therefore it forms protrusions. With a subsequent lateral displacement of the tape, its protrusions abut against the ribs 11, thereby partially braking the tape. Along with the braking of the tape from lateral sliding, the ribs 11 have a centering effect on the tape. In contact with the tape, rotating ribs act on it alternately with a force R (Fig. 6). In connection with that. that the ribs 11 are installed at an angle a, this force is decomposed into components. The longitudinal component Ry facilitates the longitudinal movement of the tape towards the outlet window, and the transverse component Rx is directed towards the longitudinal axis of the machine. With lateral slipping of the tape, the force on it increases

the movement and, as a result of this, the slippage of the lead 3 (Fig. 1) and an additional 10 drums relative to the inner surface of the tape increases

2. Due to the slipping of the tape relative to the ribs 11 (Fig. 6), forces Rx arise in the zone of their contact, which center the tape.

When the ribs are made elastic with an inclination (as shown in Fig. 4), the centering effect of the ribs is enhanced. Inclined ribs, coming into contact with the inner surface, are bent and consecutively occupy an angle y / 3.

Subsequent rotation causes several ribs 11 to come into contact with the tape 11. The latter, striving to return to their original position, return the tape to the longitudinal axis of the machine.

A distinctive feature of the operation of the machine with a driving drum having a planar working surface (Fig. 7) is the absence of adhesion of deposited materials onto it. The presence of conical

additional drums with ribs allows you to centralize the tape having

significant tolerance of the length of the ends. Tightening the tape onto the conical ribbed drums is eliminated due to installation

edges at an angle a and making them elastic with an inclination at an angle /.

At increased belt speeds, a variant of the device shown in Fig. 8 is used to enhance the centering effect. During operation of the machine, rotation from the drive 28 is transmitted to the countershaft 26. The shaft, rotating together with sprockets 23-25, drives the sprockets 19-21 into rotation through the chains 22. Since the sprockets 23-25 have the same outer diameter, and the sprockets 19 and 20 are made with a smaller diameter than sprocket 21, the spigot 5 with sprocket 21, like straps 13, will have a lower frequency

rotation than additional drums. When the tape slides onto the ribs 11, the latter with their outer edges, due to the action of the component Rx (Fig. 6). move the tape to the longitudinal axis of the machine.

When using long tapes (more than 2 m) in machines, the driven drum 4 is made according to the scheme shown in Fig. 9. In the process of the machine’s operation, the tape (Fig. Has a lower linear speed than the driving drum 3, but greater than the drum 4, since the latter, being a follower, creates a braking force on the tape. Ribs 11 (Fig. 9) mounted on the driven drum 4, (Fig. 1), exert a centering force on the tape directed to the longitudinal axis of the machine due to the fact that their inner ends are located in front of the outer ones in the direction of travel of the tape, i.e. in the opposite direction compared to the ribs on the drive drum.

The use of the proposed machine for introducing bulk materials in comparison with the prototype allows to increase operational reliability, and therefore, to eliminate damage to the tape, to reduce the time of technological stops. During laboratory tests of machines for applying bulk materials during 240 hours of testing in the mode of sliding tape, it reliably braked on the guide elements. When the prototype is operated under conditions of sliding tape, the latter fails in less than AS h of continuous operation.

Claims (6)

The claims 1. The machine for applying bulk materials containing a container, the bottom of which is the upper branch of the endless belt mounted on the leading and driven drums with pins, and the guiding elements of the endless belt, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability in operation due to the centering of the tape, the guide elements are made in the form of additional drums with ribs mounted on the trunnions of the driving drums, the outer ends of the ribs being located in front of the inner ones along the belt, and the ribs of the left drum have an opposite inclination relative to the ribs of the right drum. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs of the additional drums are mounted at an acute angle to the tangent of their cylindrical surface in the direction of rotation of the drums. 3. The machine according to claims 1 and 2, with the fact that the edges of the ribs of the additional drums are mounted on a cylindrical surface, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the driving drum. A. The machine according to claims 1 and 2, with the fact that the edges of the ribs of the additional drums are mounted on the surface of a truncated cone, the diameter of the small base of which is equal to the diameter of the driving drum. 5. A machine according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ribs of the additional drums are made elastic. 6. Machine according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the additional drums are provided with a drive and mounted on the trunnions of the driving drum with the possibility of rotation relative to it. FIG. f & YaA Fie.Z Bb Fig a Fi.2.5 is // IX FIG. at 4 (4 .7 Phage 8 Editor Phage 9 Compiled by V. Adamchuk Tehred M. Morgenthal Corrector 3 Salko