RU17610U1 - CARTRIDGE FOR PERSONAL FIREARMS AND AN ARMORBAR - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A cartridge for a personal firearm containing a metal sleeve, an igniter capsule, a propellant powder charge and a bullet consisting of a shell with a bottom in the tail, a steel core partially protruding in the head of the shell, and a shirt made of soft material and placed in the cavity between the shell and the core, characterized in that it is made with the following ratio of parameters: the length of the cartridge is (2.6-2.8) d, the length of the bullet is (1.4-1.8) d, where d- the diameter of the bullet, the mass coefficient of the bullet is 4.6-5.2 g / cm, at The propellant propellant charge provides at the muzzle end the energy coefficient of the bullet mass of 120-160 J / g with a specific core energy of 11.5-15.0 J / mmi, the recoil momentum of the shot is 2.5-2.8 kgm / s. 2. Armor-piercing bullet made with the head, leading and tail parts, consisting of a shell with a bottom in the tail part, a steel core partially protruding in the head part of the bullet from a shell having a lively head part, a cylindrical part and a part made in the form of a truncated cone, tapering to the rear end, and a shirt made of soft material and placed in the cavity between the shell and the core, characterized in that the bullet is made in length (1.4-1.8) d, the head of the bullet is made in length (0.5-0, 95) d, the leading part of the bullet made with a length of (0.45-0.7) d, the tail of the bullet made with a length of (0.25-0.45) d and has a lively shape, turning into a flat rear end with a diameter of at least the diameter of the rear end of the core, while the mass of the core is 0.46-0.50 mass of the bullet, and its length is (1.3-1.7) d, and at the core the head part is made in length (0.35-0.45) d, the central cylindrical part with

Description

CARTRIDGE for personal firearms and armor-fighting zero for him

The utility model relates to the ammunition of personal small arms firearms intended for firing from multiple-charged pistols, submachine guns and weapons, mainly with a free bolt, for example, for Makarov and Stechkin pistols.

Known pistol cartridge according to the patent of Russian Federation №2123658, IPC6 F42B 5/02, 12/20/98, containing a bullet with a steel core, a sleeve, an igniter capsule and a propellant powder charge. The length of the cartridge is 3,, 65 caliber bullets, and the length of the bullet is 1.85-t-2.02 caliber bullets. The bullet in this cartridge is made semi-shell with a jacket made of soft material. The disadvantages of this cartridge include the fact that it cannot be used in firearms with a free bolt due to the large mass of the bullet in 5.6 g and its muzzle velocity of 500 m / s, which determine the bullet’s large muzzle energy (715 J.) and, consequently, a large recoil momentum during the shot (more than 3.2 kg-m / s.).

Known pistol cartridge according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2103645, IPC6 F42B 5/02, 01/27/98, which is selected as a prototype for the claimed cartridge. The cartridge contains a bullet with a steel core, a cylinder-type sleeve with an igniter capsule and a powder charge. The length of the cartridge is made equal to 3, l-j-3.4 caliber bullets. The mass coefficient of the bullet is 7.0 h-8.5 kgf / cm, and the mass of the steel core is 0.65 h-0.75 mass of the bullet. The force of the propellant propellant is 1020000h-1200000 kg-m / kg, and the bulk density of the propellant is 0, 1 g / cm. The cartridge has the same disadvantages as

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the above. In this cartridge, the propellant powder charge provides a 5.5 g bullet with a muzzle energy of 650 J and a muzzle velocity of 480 m / s. At the same time, this cartridge when fired provides a recoil impulse equal to 3.3 kg-m / s. It is established that for conducting effective firing at the maximum possible range, the recoil momentum cannot exceed:

- for a submachine gun weighing 2.5 kg with automatic fire - 4.5 kg-m / s;

- pistol weighing about 1 kg semi-automatic - Зкг-м / с. An increase in the muzzle energy of a bullet entails an increase in the recoil momentum, which complicates the design of the weapon and reduces the accuracy of shooting.

At the same time, the impact of a bullet is determined by the speed and mass of the core, more precisely, by its kinetic energy referred to the area of the core midsection. To increase efficiency, it is necessary to increase the energy of the striking element when meeting with the goal, which is achieved by increasing the muzzle energy of the bullet by increasing the initial velocity of the bullet and the mass of the core. Despite the fact that the known cartridges have increased muzzle energy, they have an energy coefficient of the mass of the bullet (the ratio of the muzzle energy of the bullet to its weight) for most cartridges is in the range of 50 -: - 70 J / g and does not exceed 110 J / g for single designs.

The penetration of widespread means of individual wiring; protection (body armor with spare parts; usually, metallic elements) is drained; it is carried out by the steel core of the bullet. Therefore, the value of the specific energy of the core (the ratio of the muzzle energy of the core to flat; adi its midsection) is one of the main characteristics of cartridges in assessing their armor penetration, since it is necessary to provide about 10 J / mm for hitting a bulletproof vest.

a steel core with a head part partially protruding from the shell (RF Patent No. 2089839, MGZH6 F42B 30/02, 09/10/97). The bullet has a total length of 4.54-4.6 caliber and is made with ogival head part, a cylindrical leading part and a cylindrical-conical tail part with certain ratios. The steel core, partially protruding from the shell, is made with a lively head part, a cylindrical central part and a tail part made in the form of a truncated cone. A lead shirt is placed in the cavity between the core and the sheath in its leading part. At the same time, the large relative length of the bullet, as well as the use of a lead shirt, ensure high values of the weight coefficient of the bullet 214-23 g / cm. The disadvantages of this bullet include the impossibility of using it in a standard personal firearm with a free bolt to hit targets protected by bulletproof vests, since the values of the bullet's weight coefficient determine the large mass of the bullet and its corresponding recoil momentum.

Known armor-piercing bullet according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2112206, IPC6 F42B 30/02, 05/27/98, which is selected as a prototype for the claimed armor-piercing bullet. The bullet has a head, leading, intermediate and tail parts. It contains a shell and a shirt and a core placed therein, partially protruding from the shell. The core of this bullet according to the second embodiment has a head, an intermediate part made in the form of conjugated cylindrical and conical sections, and a tail part made of conical. This patent claims only the general principle of bullet layout. The absence of indications of specific correlation of cartridge parameters (in particular, the relative lengths of the cylindrical and conical sections, as well as the length of the tail of the bullet) does not allow us to uniquely identify its aerodynamic and combat qualities.

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The utility model solves the problem of creating a cartridge for a standard personal firearm, mainly with a 9mm free bolt, with an increased energy coefficient of the mass of the bullet, providing it with an increased muzzle velocity of more than 510 m / s. And also the creation for this cartridge bullets with optimal weight and size characteristics, providing it with optimal aerodynamic characteristics, and increased impact properties of the steel core.

The problem is solved in that the cartridge for a personal firearm containing a metal sleeve, an igniter capsule, a propellant powder charge and a bullet consisting of a shell with a bottom in the tail section, a steel core partially protruding in the head part from a shell and a chopper made of soft material and placed in the cavity between the shell and the core, made with the following correlation of parameters: the length of the cartridge is equal to Lpat (2,6h-2,8) dn, the length of the bullet is Ln (1,44-1,8) dn, and the mass coefficient of the bullet equal to 4.6-g 5.2 g / cm. In this case, the propellant powder charge provides for the muzzle cut the energy coefficient of the bullet mass equal to 1204-160 J / g with a specific core energy of 11.5-7-15.0 J / mm and the recoil of the shot 2.5h-2.8kg- m / s

An armor-piercing bullet, for this cartridge, having a head, leading and tail parts, and consisting of a shell with a bottom in the tail part, a steel core partially protruding in the head part of the bullet from a shell having a lively head part, a cylindrical part and a part made in the form of a truncated cone tapering to the rear end, and a shirt made of soft material and placed in the cavity between the shell and the core, is made of length Ln (1,, 8) dn. The head part of the bullet is made 1 g long, p. (0.5 -: - 0.95) dn. The leading part of the bullet is made with the length of the cylinder head (0.454-0.7) dn. The tail of the bullet is made long 1h.p. (0.254-0.45) dn and has a lively shape, turning into a flat rear end face with a diameter djn. no less than diameter d3.T.c. the back end of the core. In this case, the mass of the core is 0, .50 the mass of the bullet, and its length is 1s (1.3h-1.7) dn. Moreover, at the core, the head part is Ir.c. (0.354-0.45) dn, and its generatrix is described by the radius of curvature Rr.c. (0.44-0.7) dn ,. The central cylindrical part of the core is made with a diameter of dy.c. (0.54-0.545) dn, and its conical part is made of a height equal to b.c. (0.64-0.95) dn with a taper angle equal to 24 ° -6 °. The head part of the core protrudes from the shell with a diameter of conjugation of the shell with the core equal to dconp. (0.354-0.8) dye The thickness of the bottom of the shell at the flat end of the bullet is maximum and equal to 1 o.d. (0.0974-0.12) dn, while in the tail part of the bullet it evenly decreases from the end to the leading part of the bullet to the value to.B (0.34-0.5) 1o.d .. The bullet’s shirt is located under the tail and the leading parts of the shell, while the front end of the shirt lies in the plane of mating of the head and leading parts of the bullet or is separated from it towards the nose at a distance of no more than tr.p. 0.2 dn. To facilitate the mass of the bullet, it is advisable to make the shirt made of aluminum, for example, brand AD.

Hereinafter, dn - denotes the diameter of the bullet.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the design of the cartridge; in FIG. 2 bullet design.

The cartridge contains a metal sleeve 1. For a standard personal firearm of a Makarov or Stechkin pistol, the sleeve is cylindrical based on the front end. An igniter capsule 2, a propellant powder charge 3, and an armor-piercing bullet 4 are placed in the sleeve 1. Bullet 4 has a head part 5, a leading 6 and a tail part 7, which has an animated shape that transforms into

flat end 8. Bullet 4 contains a steel core 9, which can be made, for example, from the stack 65G; 70; U10A followed by quenching to a hardness of 58 HRCg. The core 9 has a revitalizing head part 10, which goes either into a flat nose or into a spout made in the form of a spherical segment 11. The head part 10 of the core 9 is paired with a cylindrical central part 12, paired with a part made in the form of a truncated cone 13, tapering to the rear end of the core 9. The core 9 is placed in the shell 14, and its head part 10 partially protrudes from the shell 14. The shell 14 is made, for example, bimetallic or brass L-68; L-90. It has an animating part 15, a leading part 16, a tail part 17 and a bottom 18. Moreover, the thickness is 1 o.d. shell 18 in the bottom is maximum and gradually decreases to to.B. to the leading part 16. Between the core 9 and the tail 17 and the leading 16 parts of the shell 14, a shirt 19 is made of soft material, mainly aluminum, for example, grade AD. Moreover, the front end 20 of the shirt 19 lies in the mating plane of the head 5 and the leading parts 6 of the bullet 4 or is separated from it in the direction of the nose 11 at a distance of no more than tx.p ..

The cartridge operates as follows. After breaking the weapon of the igniter capsule 2 by the impact mechanism, the propellant charge 3 is ignited and the resulting powder gases eject the bullet 4 from the barrel channel. When designing a new cartridge of increased armor penetration for standard weapons, the values of geometric parameters and recoil momentum are limited. It is known that an increase in armor penetration can be achieved by increasing the mass of the bullet and / or its muzzle velocity. However, an increase in these values undoubtedly increases the recoil momentum, which is unacceptable. For a given mass of a sample of gunpowder and an appropriate selection of its brand, it is necessary to find the optimal ratio of the mass of the bullet and its

muzzle velocity, which increase the impact of the bullet and at the same time do not increase the recoil momentum. It was determined that while ensuring a muzzle velocity of about 530 m / s, the bullet mass coefficient should be equal to 4.6 h-5.2 g / cm, which, when using the missing grades of gunpowder, taking into account the weight density of the latter, ensures the destruction of body armor at the actual firing range personal firearms with a free bolt and with an energy coefficient of mass of a bullet of 120 -: - 160 J / g with a specific core energy of 11.5-7-15.0

J / mm and a recoil impulse of a shot of 2.5 -: - 2.8kg-m / s.

A cartridge length equal to (2.6 -: - 2.8) dn is optimal, since with increasing it the bolt travel increases, the overall dimensions of the weapon and its weight are unacceptable. Reducing the length of the cartridge reduces the volume of the charging chamber, the length of the bullet and determines the decrease in the energy coefficient of the mass of the bullet and the specific energy of the core.

A bullet length equal to (1.4 h-1.8) dn determines the effectiveness of the cartridge and weapons. So an increase in it leads to an increase in the mass of the bullet and, consequently, to an increase in the recoil momentum, and while maintaining the length of the cartridge, reduces the volume of the charging chamber (mass of the powder charge), and, accordingly, the muzzle velocity of the bullet.

A bullet mass factor of 4.6 -5.2 g / cm is derived from the design (bullet length, the ratio of the mass of the core and the bullet, the material of the bullet parts, the shell structure, aerodynamic quality, etc.) - reducing it reduces the effective firing range , and increase - causes an increase in the recoil momentum.

The values of the energy coefficient of the bullet’s mass (the ratio of the muzzle energy of the bullet to its weight) at the muzzle 120-160 160 J / g are optimal, providing them with the proper efficiency while providing a shot recoil impulse of 2.5-g2.8 kg / s, since the decrease

L / C /

energy coefficient reduces the speed of the bullet and, accordingly, its penetration, and its increase leads to an increase in the recoil momentum.

The specific energy of the core (the ratio of the muzzle energy of the core to the area of its midship) equal to 11.54-15.0 J / mm determines its impact (the effect of sub-caliber shells). With its growth, the penetration of the core increases, but at the same time, the recoil momentum also increases.

A bullet length of (1.4 h-1.8) dn is optimal because it determines the ratio of the sizes of the leading and tail parts and the mass of the bullet.

The length of the bullet head part (0,, 95) dп determines the external ballistic characteristics, with its growth the aerodynamic resistance of the air decreases, but at the same time the length of the cartridge grows.

The leading part of the bullet with a length of (0.45 -: - 0.7) dn determines the force of detatronization and thereby determines the combustion of gunpowder, as well as the guiding of the bullet along the bore - accuracy decreases with a shorter length and wear of the bore increases with a longer length.

The tail of the bullet, made of (0.25-gO, 45) dn, has a lively shape, turning into a flat rear end with a diameter of at least the diameter of the rear end of the core, which determines the nature of the flow around the bullet in flight, since a smooth transition reduces bottom resistance. Correspondence of the diameter of the flat rear end of the bullet to the diameter of the rear end of the core ensures alignment of the bullet parts during assembly.

The mass of the core equal to 0.464-0.50 of the mass of the bullet determines the shock effect of the bullet - the larger it is, the greater the thickness of the penetrated obstacle, all other things being equal, however, the increase in mass

the core is possible either by increasing the diameter, which reduces the specific energy and thereby penetration, or by increasing the length limited by the length of the bullet. The specified range is optimal for solving this contradiction.

The core length equal to (1.34-1.7) dn, determines the impact of the bullet - with an increase in its length, limited by the length of the bullet and the thickness of the shell bottom, the thickness of the penetration barrier increases, and decreases with decreasing.

The length of the head of the core (0.354-0.45) dn, determines the strength of the core when it hits an obstacle. With a decrease in its length, the stresses arising in the head of the core upon impact into an obstacle decrease, and with an increase increase, however, the resistance of the obstacle increases.

The diameter of the central cylindrical part of the core equal to (0.5-7-0.545) dn, determines the specific kinetic energy of the core and its impact. Since the core mass decreases with a decrease in diameter, and the midship area increases with its increase, this ratio is optimal.

The conical part of the core with a height of (0.64-0.95) dn with a taper angle of 2h-6 ° determines the alignment of the bullet parts during assembly and the proper density of the bullet assembly, since the shirt is inserted into the shell with a minimum clearance, and the core in the shirt with tight fit. In addition, the presence of a conical part of the core ensures that the shirt acts on the core at the initial moment of penetration and reduces the work of resistance when the core passes through the barrier, which increases the thickness of the pierced barrier and the barrier effect.

bullets in soft tissue, unprotected with body armor, it should not be dismantled. And on the other hand, when a bullet enters a bulletproof vest, the shell should not create significant resistance to core movement and increase the work on the shell deformation when the bullet is introduced into the barrier. And besides, with small values of the diameter of the mating during crimping of the head of the shell, wrinkles may occur.

The thickness of the bottom of the shell at the flat end of the bullet is equal to 1 o.d. (0,097 -: - 0,12) dn is taken from the condition of ensuring proper shock action in order to ensure reflection of the compression strain wave arising upon impact from the interface between the core and the shell, having different ratios of elasticity and density moduli. With an increase in the thickness of the bottom, the inertial effect of the shell on the core upon impact increases, increasing the impact effect, but the mass of the core decreases, with a constant length of the bullet, which reduces the efficiency of penetration.

The shell thickness of the leading part of the bullet (0.3-g-0.5) 1 provides minimum shell mass and sufficient strength when guiding the bullet along the bore and on the trajectory.

The location of the front end of the shirt in the interface plane of the head and leading parts of the bullet or spaced apart from it towards the nose at a distance of no more than 0.2 dn ensures guaranteed filling of the grooves with the lead part of the bullet when it moves along the barrel with a minimum weight of the shirt.

The use of aluminum for a bullet shirt, which has little effect on the impact, provides a decrease in its share in the mass of the bullet, which ensures the energy coefficient of the mass of the bullet at the muzzle 120h-160 J / g, increase the mass fraction of the core and, therefore, armor penetration.

Tests for the functioning of the cartridges were carried out in the control and testing station of the Tula Cartridge Plant OJSC from a staff Makarov pistol and PMM pistol. Tests have shown the reliable functioning of the weapon and the normal operation of the cartridges.

Tests for creep were carried out from a ballistic barrel according to a standard procedure. Tests have shown that accuracy corresponds to the technical conditions of a standard cartridge.

To assess the impact of bullets of the claimed cartridge, comparative tests were conducted of it and the standard 9 mm pistol cartridge PM. Penetration tests were also carried out from a ballistic barrel according to standard methods, which showed that the first provides 100% penetration of a 5 mm sheet of steel 3 at a distance of 25 m, while the standard one leaves only an imprint, the depth of which from the front surface of the sheet does not exceed 1 mm.

Claims (3)

1. A cartridge for a personal firearm containing a metal sleeve, an igniter capsule, a propellant powder charge and a bullet consisting of a shell with a bottom in the tail, a steel core partially protruding in the head of the shell, and a shirt made of soft material and placed in the cavity between the shell and the core, characterized in that it is made with the following ratio of parameters: the length of the cartridge is (2.6-2.8) d _p , the length of the bullet is (1.4-1.8) d _p , where _n d - diameter of the bullet, the bullet weight ratio is 4.6-5.2 g / s ^3, the propellant powder charge provides for muzzle energy the mass coefficient bullet 120-160 J / g of specific energy to the core 11,5-15,0 J / mm ² and the recoil momentum shot 2.5-2.8 kgm / s . 2. Armor-piercing bullet made with the head, leading and tail parts, consisting of a shell with a bottom in the tail part, a steel core partially protruding in the head part of the bullet from a shell having an animated head part, a cylindrical part and a part made in the form of a truncated cone , tapering to the rear end, and a shirt made of soft material and placed in the cavity between the shell and the core, characterized in that the bullet is made in length (1.4-1.8) d _p , the head of the bullet is made in length (0.5 -0,95) d _n, the leading portions bullets made length (0,45-0,7) d _n, the tail portion of the bullet is made long (0,25-0,45) d and _n has ogive shape, which passes in a flat rear end with a diameter not less than the core diameter of the rear end, with this mass of the core is equal to 0.46-0.50 the mass of the bullet, and its length is (1.3-1.7) d _p , and the core part of the core is made in length (0.35-0.45) d _p , the central a cylindrical core portion formed with a diameter (0,5-0,545) d _n, and its tapered portion is equal to the height (0,6-0,95) d _n with a cone angle equal to 2-6 ^o, core protrudes from the shell with the diameter opryazheniya shell with core equal (0,35-0,8) d _s, the thickness of the bottom portion of the shell from flat end bullet t equal _OD = (0,097-0,12) d _p and evenly decreases to the leading part of the bullet to a value of (0.3-0.5) t _o.d. the front end of the shirt lies in the interface plane of the head and leading parts of the bullet or is separated from it towards the nose at a distance of no more than 0.2 d _p , where d _p is the diameter of the bullet. 3. The bullet under item 2, characterized in that the shirt is made of aluminum, for example, brand AD.