RU175489U1 - ELECTRONIC DESELEROMETER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to measuring instruments. The electronic decelerometer is designed to determine the coefficient of adhesion of the aircraft wheel to the surface of the runway. The essence of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that the known electronic decelerometer, which consists of a calculation module connected to a two-axis electronic accelerometer, a memory module, a time measurement module, a control module, a print module, an information display module and a power supply connection module, according to this The utility model further comprises a data transmission module and a satellite navigation signal receiving module, which are connected to said computing module. The technical result is the expansion of the capabilities of the claimed device while increasing the reliability of the information. 8 s.p. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

This utility model relates to measuring instruments. The electronic decelerometer is designed to determine the coefficient of adhesion of the aircraft wheel to the surface of the runway.

The measurement is carried out by measuring the effective acceleration at the time of braking and its conversion into the value of the coefficient of adhesion. This device can also be used to determine the coefficient of adhesion of the wheel of the car with the surface of the road.

Two groups of devices are known in the art.

1. Continuous traction coefficient devices, such as brake trolleys.

2. Inertial type devices that determine the coefficient of adhesion by measuring deceleration, i.e. deceleration of the vehicle in certain areas per unit of time - decelerometers.

Of the first group in the Russian Federation, the ATT-2 airfield brake trolley was most widely used [see The catalog of GOSTs, standards and norms of the library "INFOSITE.ru" - Appendix 6 of the Operation Manual for Civil Aerodromes of the Russian Federation (REGA RF-94) - Electronic resource. Access mode to the resource: www.infosait.ru/norma_doc/46/46717/#i1483670 - free] and its modifications. ATT-2 is a kit consisting of a measuring trolley and a remote unit of visual recording equipment. The measuring trolley is a uniaxial two-wheeled trailer, including: a frame mounted rigidly on the measuring and driving wheels; central and lateral draft of a drawbar; propeller shaft; locking clutch; guide rod with measuring parallelogram; protective cover; hitch; locking clutch release lever; measuring compartment cover; inspection hatch cover; safety cable. A guide rod is installed in the plain bearings and, through a measuring parallelogram, connects the trolley frame to the drawbar side link. The measuring parallelogram is equipped in parallel with the unloading bar and the measuring sensor. The load acting on the sensor changes the voltage supplying the sensor, which is fed through a flexible electric cable to the registration unit, which is installed in the cab of the towing vehicle.

In addition, the IKS-1 coefficient of adhesion coefficient meter is in operation at civilian aerodromes [see Projects of the investment company "Constellation" - Electronic resource. Access mode to the resource: http://sozvezdie.biz/en/predpr/investment/inno/proj-i/ivkvpp.php - free], airfield cart electromechanical AT-EM [see Catalog of the company Center-Air LLC - Electronic resource. Access mode to the resource: http://www.aviaato.ru/img/file/at_em.pdf - free].

For all its advantages, continuous adhesion coefficient measurement devices have two significant drawbacks.

1. The need to achieve the measurement speed established by the operating instructions (for modern types of devices it is 60-70 km / h), which limits the length of the measurement section, due to the need to accelerate and decelerate the vehicle.

2. Short service life of the main structural element, namely the special measuring wheel. The tread is erased and the wheel needs to be replaced regularly with a new one. Moreover, this special measuring wheel has a high cost, i.e. in operation, the aforementioned brake trolleys require significant costs.

These shortcomings make it inappropriate (and in some cases impossible) to operate them at aerodromes with a runway length of up to 1000-1200 m, as well as at any aerodromes in hot and dry climates. in the absence of precipitation, the adhesion coefficient value does not change as much as possible and practically, and the measurement procedure is formal in nature and is performed to draw up reporting material on the readiness of the airfield to fly. In this case, the wear of a special measuring wheel (erasure of the tread on the surface) will be maximum due to thermal "softening" of the rubber and high friction on the surface.

The second group includes various decelerometers.

The Bowmonk Brakemeter-Dynometer (UK) is known from the prior art. Catalog of the company "Bowmonk" - Electronic resource. Resource access mode: www.bowmonk.com/uploads/files/2016/06/brakemeter-dynometer.pdf - free]. The basis of the device is a precisely balanced pendulum that responds to any change in speed or angle, which, with the help of a gear sector gear, rotates the arrow around the dial. The device is filled with a special liquid that damps all vibration. The dial is calibrated as a percentage of "G", the accepted standard worldwide for measuring acceleration and deceleration. It should also be noted that this decelerometer does not require complicated installation in a vehicle - it can be installed anywhere on the heavy stand designed for it, to which it is attached with two screws, or it can be installed using a suction cup, for example, on a car windshield.

Also known from the prior art is the pendulum deselometer 1155M [see The catalog of guests, standards and norms of the library “INFOSAIT.ru” - Appendix 6 of the Operation Manual for Civil Aerodromes of the Russian Federation (REGA RF-94) - Electronic resource. Access mode to the resource: www.infosait.ru/norma_doc/46/46717/#i1483670 - free], which is a portable small-sized device, fixed with suction cups to the windshield of the car so that the pendulum axis is horizontal and the swing plane of the pendulum was in the plane of the car. Using the fixing screws, the decelerometer is installed in a position in which the vertical axial plane of the pendulum passes through the control risk applied to the transparent part of the body wall. The scale of the decelerometer is graduated in acceleration units from 0 to 8 m / s ² in increments of 1 m / s ² , therefore, to determine the adhesion coefficient, the values shown on the scale must be multiplied by a factor of 0.1, i.e. at 5.5 m / s ^{2, the} standard coefficient of adhesion will be 0.55.

The disadvantages of the above decelerometers are:

1. The ability to measure the effective acceleration along only one axis;

2. Significant measurement error;

3. The complexity of processing and recording the measurement results due to the fact that for each vehicle it is necessary to adapt the formula for calculating the friction coefficient, which are related to the motion parameters and the specifics of the car (speed, type / class, features of the brake system, tire wear and etc.), while these calculations, the coordinate reference of the points at which measurements were performed, and the analysis of the obtained values are performed manually by the operator.

The Bowmonk AFM2 electronic decelerometer is also known in the art. Catalog of the company "Bowmonk" - Electronic resource. Resource access mode: http://www.bowmonk.com/uploads/files/2016/06/afm2.pdf - free], which is a portable electronic device designed to measure and record the coefficient of adhesion on the runway (runway ) airport. This electronic decelerometer consists of a two-axis electronic accelerometer connected to the processing unit calculation module. The processing unit also comprises a memory module, a time measurement module, a control module, a print module, an information display module, and a power supply connection module that are connected to the aforementioned calculation module. To use this decelerometer, it is enough to place it on the passenger seat of the vehicle. Management and configuration is carried out through the control module, which contains a seven-button keyboard that provides for entering the name of the airport, runway number and operator's last name. The information display module is made in the form of an alphanumeric two linear LCD display. This allows the user to enter a command using the keyboard, indicate the results, and issue any error messages. For nighttime operation, the control panel display has a backlight.

A well-known electronic decelerometer is selected as a prototype, since it contains the largest number of essential features that match the essential features of the claimed utility model.

However, the prototype has significant disadvantages, namely:

- the speed of the measurement is limited to 40 km / h;

- there is no possibility of exact positioning of points of measurement;

- there is no possibility of promptly bringing the measurement results to interested officials;

- low level of information security, the ability to manipulate the measurement results.

The objective of this utility model is to create a new electronic decelerometer with the following technical result: expanding the capabilities of the claimed device while increasing the reliability of the information.

The problem is solved due to the fact that:

- the electronic decelerometer further comprises a data transmission module;

- the electronic decelerometer further comprises a module for receiving satellite navigation signals, which are connected to the calculation module.

The essence of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that the known electronic decelerometer consists of a calculation module connected to a two-axis electronic accelerometer, a memory module, a time measurement module, a control module, a print module, an information display module and a power supply connection module according to this utility model further comprises a data transmission module and a satellite navigation signal receiving module, which are connected to said calculation module.

A possible development option for the main technical solution is that the control module contains connectors for external connections.

A possible development option for the main technical solution is that a battery is installed in the module for connecting to a power source.

A development option for the main technical solution is possible, consisting in the fact that the print module is made in the form of a thermal printer.

A development option for the main technical solution is possible, consisting in the fact that the information display module is made in the form of a display.

A development option for the main technical solution is possible, consisting in the fact that the module for receiving satellite navigation signals is made in the form of a GPS receiver.

A development option for the main technical solution is possible, consisting in the fact that the module for receiving satellite navigation signals is made in the form of a GLONASS receiver.

A development option for the main technical solution is possible, consisting in the fact that the module for receiving satellite navigation signals is made in the form of a GPS-GLONASS receiver.

A development option for the main technical solution is also possible, consisting in the fact that the data transmission module is made in the form of a GSM-GPRS module.

Thus, the claimed technical solution with its entire set of essential features allows you to expand the capabilities of the claimed device and at the same time increase the reliability of the information due to the fact that the proposed electronic decelerometer additionally contains a module for receiving satellite navigation signals and a data transmission module. The modules allow you to automatically coordinate and time reference, thus providing the calculation module with the source information, as well as quickly bring the measurement results to interested officials. At the same time, the reliability of the measurement information is ensured by linking the measurement protocols to UTC and the geodetic coordinate system, as well as the lack of the possibility of its modification. The decelerometer automatically generates protocols in the X coordinate system (the distance from the reference point with known geodetic coordinates) - COUPLING COEFFICIENT or in the geodetic coordinate system. Presentation of measurement results in the coordinate system RANGE - COUPLING FACTOR (in the form of a graph or in tabular form) is a modern requirement of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for K.S. determination devices

At the same time, having the exact coordinates of the measurement points, we can determine the average values of the coefficient of adhesion in sections of the runway. Example: there is a requirement to determine the average values of the adhesion coefficient for each third of the runway length when passing the measuring instrument there and back (both sides) to the right and left of the axis of the runway. In total, we obtain 6 groups of values of the friction coefficient, from which the average values are determined for each third of each run (6 values) / to the right and left of the runway axis along the entire length (2 values) / for each third, taking into account two passes (3 values). It is not possible to accomplish and automatically document such results using existing decelerometers. There are other requirements related to the determination of the speed of the measuring instrument, the distance traveled, etc., which cannot be fulfilled without navigation equipment or any additional device.

The essence of the claimed utility model and the possibility of its practical implementation is illustrated by the description below and a block diagram.

FIG. - Block diagram of an electronic decelerometer.

1 - calculation module;

2 - two-axis electronic accelerometer;

3 - memory module;

4 - time measurement module;

5 - control module;

6 - print module;

7 - information display module;

8 - module for connecting to a power source;

9 - data transmission module;

10 - module for receiving satellite navigation signals.

The electronic decelerometer (see drawing) contains a calculation module 1 connected to a biaxial electronic decelerometer 2, a memory module 3, a time measurement module 4, a control module 5, a print module 6, an information display module 7, a power supply connection module 8, a transmission module data 9 and a module for receiving satellite navigation signals 10. The above modules and a two-axis electronic accelerometer 2 are installed in a single portable case of the claimed electronic decelerometer and are interconnected by means of wires, cables and other connecting elements. In this case, the two-axis electronic accelerometer 2 can be made with the possibility of installing it in the car with the help of a locking device outside the body of the electronic accelerometer. As the clamp of the two-axis electronic accelerometer 2 in the housing of the inventive electronic decelerometer can be used detachable and non-detachable connections, such as soldering, welding, clamping mechanisms. In the case when this two-axis electronic accelerometer 2 is made with the possibility of disconnection, then only detachable connections are used as clamps, for example, clamping mechanisms (tongs, clamps), vacuum suction cups, threaded elements, etc.

The calculation module 1 can be performed, for example, in the form of a printed circuit board based on a programmable microcontroller.

As a two-axis electronic accelerometer 2, as a rule, a two-axis analog acceleration sensor is used, which detects acceleration along the longitudinal and vertical axes.

The memory module 3 can be implemented, for example, in the form of an SD Card Shield circuit board with an SD format flash card. Time measurement module 4 is presented as a real-time clock. It can be made in the form of a printed circuit board based on the RTC chip (Eng. Real Time Clock), for example RTC DS3231. This time measuring module 4 is designed to take into account chronometric data (current time, date, day of the week, etc.), while it is non-volatile and saves the time countdown when the power is turned off.

The control module 5 allows the operator to configure the electronic decelerometer for its use in certain conditions. This module contains various controls that can be made in the form of biscuit, slide, keyboard, button, DIP, contactless and other switches, toggle switches, buttons. Also, in the control module 5, connectors for external connections can be placed, which can be used to connect to a computer, an external keyboard, an additional display, and other devices. In addition, other sensors (e.g., weight measuring, temperature, pressure sensors, etc.) and information reading devices (e.g., barcode reading device) can be connected via connectors to the control module 5, which allows to expand the scope of the claimed device.

The print module 6 is used to output measurement results (protocols), as well as text or graphic information stored in an electronic decelerometer, to a solid physical medium, usually paper. This module can be made in the form of a matrix printer or thermal printer.

The information display module 7 is intended for visual display of measurement results (protocols), as well as electronic, alphanumeric or graphic information in an electronic way. As a module for displaying information 7, a display or a projector can be used.

The power supply module 8 can be connected to an external power supply network or to a vehicle generator / battery (i.e., it can be powered from the vehicle's on-board network). In this case, the module for connecting to the power source 8 can be equipped with an electronic device for charging electric batteries with the energy of an external source. The battery can be installed in the module for connecting to power source 8 or outside the electronic decelerometer.

The data transfer module 9 is configured to operate in GSM networks with support for the GPRS packet data system. This module is a wireless communication device (modem) for receiving / transmitting data in mobile networks.

The module for receiving satellite navigation signals 10 can be made in the form of a GPS receiver, or a GLONASS receiver, or a GPS-GLONASS receiver. This module allows you to coordinate the measurement results of the electronic decelerometer and determine the motion parameters of the vehicle on which the electronic decelerometer is installed.

It should be noted that between the two-axis electronic accelerometer 2 and the calculation module 1, a matching board (not shown) can be installed, which ensures the adaptation of the output signal parameters of the two-axis electronic accelerometer 2 to the input circuit parameters of the calculation module 1.

The hardware of the claimed device allows you to perform almost any action with information received from a two-axis electronic accelerometer 2. The functionality of the device is determined by the requirements of operation and is implemented through special software. This electronic decelerometer automatically draws up a formalized protocol, which can reflect not only the values of the coefficient of adhesion at the measurement points, but also, for example, the typed speed of the vehicle, the distance traveled and / or braking distance, the average values of the coefficient of adhesion at given segments measurements, etc.

The proposed electronic decelerometer is used as follows. The electronic decelerometer assembled in a common portable housing is rigidly fixed in the car cabin so that the x axis of the electronic accelerometer 2 is directed horizontally along the longitudinal axis of the car, and the y axis is vertically. If it is not possible to fix the housing in the car cabin (for example, due to its size or the absence of special devices), the two-axis accelerometer 2 is removed from the housing and installed (fixed) in the cab using a portable fixing device, for example, mechanical or vacuum. The length of the mounting cable connecting the two-axis electronic accelerometer 2 and the calculation module 1 allows its use at a distance from the housing. After installation, the x axis of the biaxial accelerometer 2 should be directed horizontally along the longitudinal axis of the car, the y axis - vertically. After that, if the module for connecting to the power source 8 does not have its own battery, connect it to the battery or generator of the vehicle or to the power supply network. Then, the electronic decelerometer is supplied with electric power by pressing a button on the control module 5, the necessary settings are set, and the stabilization of the x-axes and the two-axis accelerometer 2 is controlled by the information display module 7. accelerometer 2. Then the vehicle is driven and accelerated to a predetermined speed (usually 40 km / h) and braking to full or on ti complete stop at predetermined points. When braking a vehicle, a two-axis electronic accelerometer 2 detects negative horizontal acceleration and vertical acceleration associated with a "nod" of the vehicle to the front suspension at the time the brakes are applied. The vertical component is greater, the higher the intensity of braking.

The signals a _x and a _y from a two-axis electronic accelerometer 2 with a given frequency are fed to the calculation module 1, where they are filtered according to a given algorithm and added.

From the set of values recorded on the braking section, the region of maximum values in a given time interval is selected. In further calculations, the value a is used - the arithmetic mean of the effective values of the acceleration in a given time interval, obtained with a given frequency.

As you know, the physical value of the coefficient of friction, which is the basis of the term coefficient of adhesion, is determined by the formula:

μ = Ftr / N,

where Ftr is the friction force (Ftr. = m a ),

N - normal support reaction (a value numerically equal to body weight (P = mg)).

Since at the moment of braking only Ftr acts on the car, then

μ = a / g,

where a is the effective value of acceleration, g is the acceleration of gravity.

The calculated value of μ will not always correspond exactly to the actual value of the coefficient of adhesion. The braking process, as a result, and the magnitude of negative acceleration will be affected by external factors related to the characteristics of the vehicle performing the braking (speed, type / class of the vehicle, features of the braking system, the presence of ABS, tire wear, etc. ) Corresponding corrections are made to the measurement results using software that is installed on an electronic decelerometer. In this case, the initial data are recorded and stored in the memory module 3. In addition, information associated with the measurement and the recording of their results in the form of measurement protocols is stored in the memory module 3. Information from the module for receiving satellite navigation signals 10 to the computing module 1 provides information on the current coordinates and vehicle motion parameters. Using the software, the results of measuring the coefficient of adhesion are linked to the current coordinates of the vehicle (geographic, rectangular, etc.), and all further actions related to processing and issuing the display of measurement results are performed.

From the time measuring module 4, the calculation module 1 receives information about the date and current time, which are set during the initial setup of the electronic decelerometer. Using special software, the results of measuring the coefficient of adhesion are linked to the current time. In this case, the recording of the measurement results in the memory module in the form of a protocol is carried out according to UTC time.

The measurement results are automatically processed and displayed in the form of a formalized protocol on the information display module 7 and can be printed on paper using the print module 6. By using the built-in data transmission module 9 it can be sent to external consumers, for example, in the form of SMS messages, MMS -Messages or via email. The format of the transmitted messages can be different and is determined by the requirements of operation.

After measuring and drawing up the protocol, the electronic decelerometer is turned off and disconnected from the power source (if the electronic decelerometer was not powered from its own battery).

Thus, the technical result of the claimed utility model is achieved, namely: expanding the capabilities of the claimed device while increasing the reliability of the information.

Claims (9)

1. Electronic decelerometer containing a calculation module connected to a biaxial electronic accelerometer, a memory module, a time measurement module, a control module, a print module, an information display module and a power supply connection module, characterized in that it further comprises a data transmission module and a reception module satellite navigation signals that are connected to said computing module. 2. The electronic decelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the control module contains connectors for external connections. 3. The electronic decelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that a battery is installed in the module for connecting to the power source. 4. The electronic decelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the print module is made in the form of a thermal printer. 5. The electronic decelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the information display module is made in the form of a display. 6. The electronic decelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the module for receiving satellite navigation signals is made in the form of a GPS receiver. 7. The electronic decelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the module for receiving satellite navigation signals is made in the form of a GLONASS receiver. 8. The electronic decelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the module for receiving satellite navigation signals is made in the form of a GPS-GLONASS receiver. 9. The electronic decelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the data transmission module is made in the form of a GSM-GPRS module.

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