RU172821U1 - CAVITATION COLUMN - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the production of hydrocarbon mixtures, for example, oils for lubrication, and is the main structural element in the mixing plants for any liquids with a viscosity of not more than 1000cSt at 40 ° C. The cavitation column contains at least three chambers made in the form of separate cylindrical bodies with axial channels, assembled to form a column with a through axial channel for supplying the mixture in the first stage of the mixing operation. The end face of the upper chamber is covered with a lid made with an internal cavity communicating with the channel for supplying the mixture to form an increased pressure in it when the mixture flows. The end of the lower chamber is fixed to the base. The column is equipped with a casing mounted on the base with the formation of free space between the outer cylindrical surfaces of the chambers and the casing, as well as between the lid and the casing, which is connected with the outlet pipe of the finished product. The upper and middle chambers are made with radial annular grooves at the lower ends to form complete pressure cavities when the mixture flows. The pressure cavities in the lid, the upper chamber and the middle chamber, as well as the rarefaction cavity formed by the lower radial annular groove made on the outer cylindrical surface of the lower chamber, are connected in series by openings. The holes are calibrated with decreasing diameters from the upper chamber to the lower to enhance the effect of cavitation in the second stage of the mixing operation. Radial annular grooves are made in the upper part of the outer cylindrical surfaces of the lower and middle chambers to turbulize the mixture flow at the last stage of the mixing operation. Improves the quality of lubricating oil, increasing the homogenization of the mixture and reducing the mechanical degradation of polymer additives. 9 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the production of hydrocarbon mixtures, for example, oils for lubrication, and is the main structural element in the mixing plants for any liquids with a viscosity of not more than 1000cSt at 40 ° C, and can also be used for mixing and dissolving medium-phase complexes in which the phase is micro, nano and finely dispersed substances and compounds aggregated into micelles (the vast majority of dopant packages). Cavitation column can find application, for example, with:

- the creation of marketable oils based on difficult to mix components (distillates, hydroisomerization products, polyalphaolefins, esters, alkyl naphthalenes, fatty acids, and other acids of weak bases);

- mixing and imparting finer-dispersed structure to various paints, varnishes, viscosity no more than 1000cSt at 40 ° C;

- the creation of water-fuel emulsions;

- dissolution of sparingly soluble phases in aggregates of solutions;

- mixing and dissolving medium and coarse solutions in the absence of abrasive elements.

In the manufacture of marketable oils, blending has long been widely used. The main advantage of blending is its relative simplicity. However, as lubricants improved, their composition became more complicated, they became more and more complex, multicomponent and difficult to mix, and blending did not provide good quality of the marketable product. The disadvantages of blending are the following:

- insufficient dissolution, crushing of the micelles of additives, and therefore a smaller area of interaction with the medium;

- unstable quality when mixing base oils of various nature with alloying additives, resulting in a complete or partial separation of the resulting solution;

- huge energy consumption during technological heating of the entire mass of the prepared product (heating from 70 ° C to 90 ° C);

- phased introduction and dissolution in base oils of polymers (viscosity modifiers and depressants) and dopants;

- negative environmental impact of hot petroleum products on the environment.

With physical methods of dissolution (cavitation, vibration, ultrasound, etc.), the main difficulty is the dissolution of polymers, since before dissolving in oil, polymers have a high tendency to mechanical degradation and a “rough” effect can lead to a significant change in their structure, which negatively affects the quality of marketable oil.

A device for mixing oils is known (WO 2008016937 A2, published 07.02.2008), in which a cavitation column is used for mixing oil and liquid when heated using pressure and heat from cavitation bubbles.

The disadvantages of the described technical solutions include the use of heating during mixing, which negatively affects the quality of the product, and the device is not intended for mixing several lubricants.

The cavitation column, which is the main component of the “cold” lubricant mixing line (RU 134927 U1, IPC (2006.01) C10G 50/00, published on November 27, 2013), was taken as the closest analogue. The cavitation column is made in the form of a hollow cylinder and is equipped with three internal horizontal partitions that divide the internal cavity into chambers located one above the other. The cameras communicate through openings, the number of which decreases from the first (lower) partition to the third (upper). In addition, the holes are conical, and the upper diameter of the holes is less than the lower diameter. The column is equipped with a mixture inlet pipe and a finished product outlet pipe.

The above cavitation column does not allow mixing of more than three base oils, while modern oils can include up to six base oils of various nature (distillates, hydroisomerization products, polyalphaolefins, esters, alkyl naphthalenes, products based on fatty acids). In the described example, three “related” products were used for mixing, two of which (I-20, I-40) are distillates, and the ETRO-4 hydrocracking product is essentially the same highly refined and modified distillate. Mixing such base oils with alloying additives previously dissolved in base oils does not require any special conditions or high temperatures and can be carried out using a conventional circulation pump. In addition, the described column does not provide for preliminary mixing of the base oils with high molecular weight polymers, which serve as friction modifiers in most modern, high-tech oils, before processing the mixture with cavitation. Rigid cavitation effects on high molecular weight polymers lead to mechanical destruction of the latter, which in turn reduces the viscosity index of salable oil and its resistance to mechanical and thermal degradation. In addition, when using the described cavitation columns, it is necessary to normalize the temperature of the mixture.

Currently, there is no cavitation column that would allow mixing more than three base oils of various nature with additives from high molecular weight polymers and alloying additives at the same time, without heating at any positive temperature, providing a stable, non-delaminating colloidal structure without mechanical destruction of high molecular weight polymers in the final product.

The utility model solves the problem of creating a cavitation column, which allows to obtain improved quality lubricating oil based on more than three base oils with alloying additives and additives in the form of high molecular weight polymers, due to structural changes in the column, which provide a change in the direction of flow of the mixture in the column and the method of physical impact on each stage, which helps to increase the degree of homogenization of the mixture and to reduce the mechanical destruction of high molecular weight polymers.

To obtain the desired technical result in a cavitation column containing at least three chambers made with an external cylindrical surface, located one above the other, communicating through holes, the number of which increases in the direction from top to bottom, the mixture inlet pipe, the finished product outlet pipe, It is proposed that cameras be made in the form of separate cylindrical bodies with axial channels, assembled to form a column with a through axial channel for supplying the mixture at the first stage of the operation. Shivani. It is proposed to cover the end of the upper chamber with a lid made with an internal cavity in communication with the channel for supplying the mixture, for the formation of increased pressure in it during movement of the mixture flow, and fix the end of the lower chamber to the base. In addition, it is proposed to provide the column with a casing, which should be installed on the base with the formation of free space between the outer cylindrical surfaces of the chambers and the casing, as well as between the cover and the casing, which should be connected to the outlet pipe of the finished product. The upper and middle chambers are proposed to be made with radial annular grooves at the lower ends for the assembly to form pressure cavities when the mixture flows while the pressure cavities in the cover, upper chamber and middle chamber, as well as the rarefaction cavity formed by the lower radius annular groove made on the outer cylindrical surface of the lower chamber, sequentially connected with holes that are proposed to be calibrated with decreasing diameters from the upper chamber bottom to enhance the cavitation effect in the second stage of the mixing operation. In addition, in the upper part of the outer cylindrical surfaces of the lower and middle chambers, it is proposed to make radial annular grooves to turbulize the mixture flow at the last stage of the mixing operation.

The proposed design of the cavitation column initiates three types of sequential effects on the structure of the supplied mixture when the mixture flows in the column.

Turbulent flow in itself is a powerful mixing factor due to randomly generated vortices in the flow. The critical Reynolds number (Re), at which the flow turbulization begins, varies over a very wide range and depends not only on constant factors, such as flow rate, viscosity and flow area, but also on additional factors - temperature (affecting viscosity), vibration, technological obstacles and technological bifurcation, which allows creating conditions for stable flow turbulence. For the described cavitation column with three chambers, the Reynolds number (Re) must be at least 1800.

,

,

- плотность жидкости;Where

- fluid density;

V ^_ flow rate;

L is the length of the flow element, m;

.η is the viscosity coefficient,

.

At values of Re <1000, the flow acquires a stable laminar character. In the Re range from 1000 to 1500, periodic turbulent phenomena occur in the flow. Thus, knowing the critical Re values for the proposed column, all parameters except viscosity can be considered constant, the influence of viscosity on the flow is leveled by changing the power of the pump supplying the mixture, which allows one to choose the optimal flow parameters in connection with the tasks. The turbulence that is provided in the first stage of the mixing operation in the channel for supplying the mixture of the column is a necessary factor for the preliminary dissolution of polymer additives. Polymer additives, such as copolymers of olefins (thickening), polymethyl acrylate (depressants) and other polymers having a molecular weight according to Stautginder> 55000 units. before preliminary dissolution in oil, they have a structure very prone to mechanical degradation. With a powerful cavitation action, the breaking of long branched chains of a molecule is possible, which in turn leads to a decrease in the thickening ability of additives, as well as to an increase in destruction during operation of the finished (marketable) oil. Therefore, in the second stage of the mixing operation, due to the construction of the column, “soft” cavitation is first applied to the mixture flow, which is ensured by the Venturi effect (which is a consequence of Bernoulli's law), which consists in a decrease in pressure with an increase in the speed of movement when the mixture flows through calibrated holes top camera. Cavitation is enhanced in the middle chamber, and when the mixture flows from the openings of the lower chamber, the most “powerful” cavitation is provided. The structural elements of the column, providing cavitation in the second stage, are pressure cavities and calibrated holes. The total cross-sectional area of the calibrated holes is less than the cross-sectional area of the channel for supplying the mixture and significantly less than the cavity of high pressure. Due to the pressure drop in the calibrated holes, “soft” cavitation occurs, the intensity of which can be controlled by changing the power of the pump supplying the mixture. The number of holes in each chamber is different, in the upper chamber there are 5, in the middle chamber 6, in the lower chamber 7, while the cross-sectional area of the calibrated holes decreases from the upper chamber to the lower one. This ensures an increasing intensity of cavitation at the exit from the middle chamber and, especially, at the exit from the lower chamber, where the sizes of the outlet openings can end with half-nozzles, providing powerful “explosive” cavitation.

The diameter of the calibrated holes directly depends on the performance requirements of the column. The higher the productivity, the larger the flow area of the calibrated holes. Accurate calibration is necessary to obtain the necessary (for the initiation of physical processes) ratio of the area of high pressure zones to the sum of the areas of passage sections of calibrated holes. Thus, calibrated holes are the most important structural element of the chambers, which is responsible for the appearance and smooth increase in the intensity of the “Venturi effect”.

In the third stage of the mixing operation, after the mixture flows from the lower chamber to the rarefaction zone, the flow, due to the column design, changes direction by 360 ° and rises up the free space between the outer surfaces of the chambers and the casing, and then between the lid and the casing and exits through the outlet pipe finished product. The implementation on the outer surfaces of the chambers of the radius grooves allows you to get a powerful turbulization of the flow, contributing to the final homogenization of the product. If necessary, well-known special surface treatments can be used to enhance flow turbulization.

The graphic materials attached to the description show:

части;- FIG. 1 is a drawing of a cavitation column with a specified direction of flow of the mixture, longitudinal cut

parts;

- FIG. 2 - image of the upper chamber, upper end;

- FIG. 3 - image of the upper chamber, lower end;

- FIG. 4 - image of the middle chamber, upper end;

- FIG. 5 - image of the middle chamber, lower end;

- FIG. 6 - image of the lower chamber, upper end;

- FIG. 7 - image of the lower chamber, lower end;

- FIG. 8 is a drawing of a cover, a vertical section;

- FIG. 9 is an example of the use of a cavitation column in a lubricating oil mixing line.

The following notations are used on graphic materials:

1 - casing; 2 - cover; 3 - upper chamber; 4 - the camera is average; 5 - lower chamber; 6 - internal cavity in the lid; 7 - hole calibrated in the upper chamber; 8 - hole calibrated in the middle chamber; 9 - hole calibrated in the lower chamber; 10 - radial groove at the lower end of the upper chamber; 11 - radial groove at the lower end of the middle chamber; 12 - radial groove on the outer cylindrical surface in the lower part of the lower chamber; 13 - radial groove on the outer cylindrical surface in the upper part of the lower chamber; 14 - radial groove on the outer cylindrical surface in the upper part of the middle chamber; 15 - pipe input mixture; 16 - pipe outlet of the finished product; 17 - base; 18 - fastener; 19 - mounting hole; 20 - channel for supplying the mixture; 21 - cavitation column; 22 - pump; 23 - capacity for preparing the mixture; 24 - a device for mixing the mixture; 25 - the capacity of the finished product.

The proposed cavitation column consists of a lower chamber 5, a middle chamber 4, an upper chamber 3, made in the form of cylindrical bodies and located one above the other.

The chambers 3, 4, 5 are made with through axial channels and form an assembled through axial channel 20 for supplying the mixture through the mixture inlet pipe 15. The upper chamber 3 is covered with a lid 2, made with an internal cavity 6, communicating with the channel 20 for supplying the mixture. The column is equipped with a casing 1, installed with the formation of free space between the outer cylindrical surfaces of the chambers 3, 4, 5 and the casing 1, as well as between the cover 2 and the casing 1, which is connected with the pipe 16 output of the finished product. At the lower ends of the upper chamber 3 and the middle chamber 4, radius grooves 10 and 11, respectively, are made, which, when assembled, when the mixture flows, form high-pressure cavities. On the lower part of the outer cylindrical surface of the lower chamber 5, a radius groove 12 is made. On the upper parts of the outer cylindrical surfaces of the lower chamber 5 and the middle chamber 4, radius grooves 13 and 14 are made, respectively. The inner cavity 6 in the lid, the radius grooves 10, 11 and 12 are connected by means of calibrated holes 7, 8 and 9, respectively. The radius groove 12 forms a rarefaction cavity when the mixture flows. Five calibrated holes 7 are made in the upper chamber 3, six calibrated holes 8 in the middle chamber 4, and seven calibrated holes 9 in the lower chamber 5. The diameters of the holes decrease from the upper chamber to the lower. The end face of the lower chamber 5 and the casing 1 are installed and fixed on the base 17 with the help of fasteners 18. On the end surfaces of the chambers 3, 4, 5 holes 19 are made for fastening.

Chambers 3, 4 and 5 perform cavitation-bifurcation functions in the column. The flow of the mixture, rising along the channel 20 for supplying the mixture, enters the cavity 6 of the lid 2, where an increased pressure cavity is formed in front of the upper chamber 3. Then, along the calibrated holes 7 (5 of which) in the upper chamber 3, the mixture flows back and reaches the increased cavity pressure in the radius groove 10 in front of the middle chamber 4, from where, through calibrated holes 8 (of which 6) in the middle chamber 4, the mixture flow enters the pressure chamber in the radius groove 11 in front of the lower chamber 5, from which through the calibrated hole section 9 (of which 7) in the lower chamber 5, the flow of the mixture reaches the vacuum cavity in the radius groove 12, which communicates with the free space between the outer cylindrical surfaces of the chambers 5, 4, 3 and the casing 1. In the vacuum cavity, the flow of the mixture unfolds and flows up the free space under the casing 1. The cavities formed by the radial grooves 13 and 14 on the outer cylindrical surfaces of the chambers 5 and 4 contribute to the turbulization of the mixture flow at the last mixing stage, which improves the homogenization of the final product, which Exit from the column through the free space between the casing 1 and the cover 2 and further through the conduit 16, the output of the final product.

Description of the cavitation column.

The control of the cavitation column during its use to carry out the operation of mixing the components is quite simple, which consists in adjusting the speed of the pump used, i.e. in changing its performance depending on the viscosity of the mixture. Any type of pump (gear, screw, vane, etc.) can be used, which can create a pressure of up to 25 atm. Adjustment is made using a frequency converter by smoothly increasing and decreasing the speed of the pump motor. As calculations showed, the performance of the proposed columns varies in a wide range from 1 to 100 m ³ / h, which was confirmed during pilot tests.

Preliminary processing of the mixture of components before feeding it into the cavitation column consists in mixing with a stirrer or pump, which is used as a circulation pump.

The cavitation column is built into the mixing line of the components of the lubricants (Fig. 9), which also includes a mixing tank 23 connected to the inlet and outlet of the pump 22, forming a small circulation circuit in which the mixture circulates during its preliminary mixing. After completion of the preliminary mixing, the discharge line opens, and the mixture enters a large circulation circuit, including a cavitation column 21, connected to the mixture preparation tank 23, which circulates during the adjustment of the speed of the pump 22 until the required capacity is achieved, which is controlled through the flow meter (in the diagram not shown). Pressure control is carried out according to the readings of the sensors (not shown in the diagram). After reaching the necessary performance parameters of the pump 22, the connection of the cavitation column 1 with the capacity 23 of the mixture preparation is closed and connected to the capacity 25 of the finished product. The mixing line begins to produce the finished product.

Since the processes necessary to obtain a high-quality finished product arise at a certain flow rate, the parameter that confirms the readiness of the product is the flow rate controlled by the flowmeter. The higher the viscosity of the manufactured product, the greater the pressure necessary to obtain the desired flow rate. Critical pressure> 25 atm is reset by pump bypass (not shown in the diagram). The completion of the finished product is a complete pumping of the solution from the tank for preparing the solution 23 in the tank 25 of the finished product.

Experimental tests were conducted to mix Grace Absolute 5w-40 multi-component commercial oil consisting of four base oils:

1. Base oil III gr. by API (hydrocracking) - 20%;

2. Base oil IV gr. by API (polyalphaolefins) - 20%;

3. Base oil V gr. by API (alkyl naphthalenes) - 10%;

4. Base oil II gr. API 26.48%

as well as additives:

5. The package of alloying additives HITEC 9490 - 12%

6. Friction modifier (organomolybdenum) HITEC 9552 - 0.02%

7. Polymethyl acrylate type depressor HITEC 5714 - 0.5%

8. Thickener (copolymer of olefins) (solution in group I according to API) - 11%.

All components were loaded into the container for preparing the mixture, mixed for 30 minutes with a circulation pump, then it was run in one cycle through the unit at ambient temperature, which at that time was 12 ° C. The entire mixing operation in the proposed column was carried out in 40 minutes.

Since the closest analogue is not intended for mixing more than three base oils, therefore, it cannot ensure the production of marketable oil of improved quality, which was obtained using the proposed cavitation columns. To compare the quality indicators of the obtained oil, in the laboratory, a sequence of operations was carried out with traditionally used blending. The operations were carried out in the following sequence:

base oils: gr. II + gr. III - heating to 75 ° C + gr. IV heating to 75 ° C + gr. V, heating to 75 ° C, stirring for an hour + depressor + thickener, heating to 75 ° C, stirring for an hour + HITEC 9552, stirring for an hour + HITEC 9490 heating to 75 ° C stirring for 3 hours.

When using traditional blending, approximately 7.5 hours are spent on the production of 1 m ^{3 of} marketable oil, in contrast to 40 minutes when using the proposed cavitation column. In addition, it should be noted that the energy consumption when using the proposed cavitation columns is incomparably lower, because no additional heating of the mixture is required.

Comparison of the quality indicators of the resulting oil:

To confirm the ability of the cavitation column to produce improved quality commercial oil, pilot tests were carried out to obtain more complex Grace Absolute 0w-20 oil based on five base oils with alloying additives, a friction modifier, a depressant and a thickener. The quality indicators of the obtained commercial oil were even better than that of commercial oil based on four base oils. A decrease in the thickening additive degradation to 5.8%, pour point to -53 ° C.

The oil obtained using the proposed cavitation column was subjected to centrifugation, as well as long-term storage (more than a year) to control separation and precipitation. During the test, no stratification and precipitation were recorded, which confirms the increase in the degree of homogenization of the mixture.

Thus, experimental tests of the proposed design of the cavitation column confirmed the ability to obtain improved quality lubricating oil based on more than three base oils with alloying additives and additives in the form of high molecular weight polymers with a decrease in the mechanical destruction of the latter and an increase in the degree of homogenization of the mixture. The design of the cavitation column, described in the closest analogue, does not allow to obtain lubricating oil of similar quality.

Claims (1)

Cavitation column containing at least three chambers made with an external cylindrical surface, located one above the other, communicating through openings, the number of which increases in the direction from top to bottom, mixture inlet pipe, finished product outlet pipe, characterized in that the cameras are made in the form of separate cylindrical bodies with axial channels, assembled to form a column with a through axial channel for supplying the mixture at the first stage of the mixing operation, while the end of the upper chamber is covered a cover made with an internal cavity in communication with the channel for supplying the mixture to generate increased pressure in it when the mixture flows, and the end of the lower chamber is fixed to the base, in addition, the column is equipped with a casing mounted on the base with the formation of free space between the outer cylindrical surfaces chambers and the casing, as well as between the cover and the casing, which is connected with the outlet pipe of the finished product, the upper and middle chambers are made with radius annular grooves at the lower ends of I formations of the assembly during the flow of the mixture of high-pressure cavities, while the high-pressure cavities in the lid, upper chamber and middle chamber, as well as the rarefaction cavity formed by the lower radial annular groove made on the outer cylindrical surface of the lower chamber, are connected in series by openings, which made calibrated with decreasing diameters from the upper chamber to the lower to enhance the effect of cavitation in the second stage of the mixing operation, in addition, in the upper part of the external cylinders radial annular grooves are made for the indical surfaces of the lower and middle chambers to turbulize the mixture flow at the last stage of the mixing operation.

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