RU172188U1 - Filter cartridge for domestic wastewater treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for the treatment of domestic wastewater and can be used in the treatment of domestic wastewater of separately located objects of sparsely populated areas and individual residential buildings. When applying the discharge 6 from the septic tank in the air cavity 1, the latter is saturated with oxygen. This contributes to the processing of the discharge by 6 aerobic bacteria, which increases the degree of purification of the drain. Cleaning the drain 6 also contributes to the uniform spraying of it on the surface of the gravel.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for the treatment of domestic wastewater and can be used in the treatment of domestic wastewater of separately located objects of sparsely populated areas and individual residential buildings.

The effectiveness of biological treatment is achieved thanks to complex physical, chemical and biological processes occurring in the soil and the water phase, and water is utilized with the greatest possible benefit when reused in agriculture, for example, for irrigation of plants (see USSR Copyright Certificate N 1685881, class .C02F 3/32). The device includes an artificial reservoir, limited by vertical screens and a recess, equipped with an aerator and filter surface. The device operates either continuously or intermittently. It is quite bulky and occupies a large area. Water treatment in it is carried out by aeration and one-time filtration through a soil-vegetable filter. The water purification efficiency of such a device is low due to the lack of preliminary water purification and the fact that the recess into which the initial wastewater enters will quickly become clogged and silt under conditions of constant wetting.

In addition, measures are not provided for the normal existence of the biological community in the deepening in cases of temporary interruption of water supply and the drying of the soil associated with it. The device is unsuitable for use in winter, in conditions of freezing of soil and pipelines. Disposal of water in the device goes mainly to the ground.

A device is known for treating domestic wastewater from individual residential buildings, suitable for working with variable amounts of water (see Heeb. J., Zust B. Sand and plant filter systems. In Ecological Engineering for Wastewater Treatment. Proceeding of the International Conference at Stensund Folk College. Sweden March 24-28. 1991 Ed. Etnier C., Guterstam B. Bokskogen. Sweden. 1991. p. 199). This device consists of an underground anaerobic filter with sand and gravel loading and drainage, an aerobic soil-vegetable filter, a pipeline for supplying water to the aerobic filter. The initial wastewater enters an underground anaerobic sand-gravel filter, then after filtration on it part of the water goes into the ground, and the other part is fed to a horizontal aerobic soil-plant filter and, after a one-time cleaning on it, is discharged into the ground.

Water utilization in such a device is carried out mainly by dumping it into the ground. The quality of the treated and discharged water is not controlled in any way, so after treatment on filters it may contain a certain amount of impurities that exceeds the MPC level, which does not meet environmental standards for discharge into the soil.

In addition, the device does not provide for the accumulation or storage of purified water. Unclear working conditions in winter in the conditions of freezing soil, and in summer, it is possible to quickly saturate and silt without a slope of the soil-vegetable filter.

To increase the cleaning efficiency, it is necessary to increase the area of the soil-plant filter and more often change the soil layer under planting. This is unacceptable for consumers with small plots of land.

For small plots of land currently used:

1. Cesspools. Sewage is taken out by the cesspool machine as it is filled.

Disadvantage: dependency on a cesspool machine. The call of the cesspool machine as it is full, i.e. often and expensive.

2. Septic tanks, which are an underground settler of horizontal or vertical type, consisting of one or more chambers through which sewage flows. While the effluents are in the septic tank, they are purified by sedimentation and partial fermentation. Wastewater treated in a septic tank is naturally cleaned in underground filtering facilities. The undissolved fractions at the bottom of the septic tank are to be removed with the help of a cesspool machine.

Disadvantage: dependency on a cesspool machine. The septic tank should be located so that the sewage machine could drive up to him to pump sludge.

3. Aeration stations of deep biological treatment, which are aerobic reactors (aeration tanks) of various designs and combined structures, including a septic chamber, an aerobic reactor, and a biofilter.

Disadvantage: dependence on electricity. When the power is turned off, the oxygen supply stops, aerobic bacteria die.

4. Dry closets of various types, the principle of which is based on composting sewage in a small volume with subsequent emptying of the box.

Disadvantage: in view of the very small volume it can only be used as a toilet, the drains from the sink and bath cannot be drained. Located in a house or other heated room, because of this, a smell arises in the house, both from the dry closet itself and when the drawer is removed.

A filter cartridge is known, which is an underground air cavity formed by a rigid body into which at least one exhaust pipe is inserted, which provides ventilation of the cavity, sand is laid in the lower part of the cavity, at the boundary with the ground, and gravel is connected above it, the air cavity with a drain from a septic tank (see: http.//webois.com.ua/repair 1065.htm Filter cartridge).

The disadvantage of this filter cartridge is: a small part of the filtration area on the bottom surface of the filter structure, as well as the fact that the drains are poorly saturated with oxygen. This does not contribute to their processing by aerobic bacteria.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a filter cartridge for domestic wastewater treatment, which is an underground cavity formed by a rigid body into which at least one exhaust pipe is inserted that provides ventilation of the cavity, in the lower part of the cavity, on the border with the ground, sand is laid, and gravel above it, while the air cavity of the filtering cartridge is connected with a drain from the septic tank (see Ryzhenko V.I., Sewerage of a country house. Septics. Wells. Powder-Closet. Construction. Repair. Operation tation // Reference, Series “To Help the Home Master”, Publisher, 2007, pp. 1-32).

The drawing schematically shows the proposed filter cartridge for the treatment of domestic wastewater, which is an underground cavity formed by a rigid body into which at least one exhaust pipe is inserted to provide ventilation for the cavity, sand is laid in the lower part of the cavity, on the border with the ground, and above it is gravel, while the air cavity of the filter cartridge is connected with a drain from the septic tank, which is an underground air cavity 1 formed by a rigid body 2, which can be made of concrete and dely, metal, plastic, or other structures. In the housing 2, into which at least one exhaust pipe 3 is inserted, providing ventilation of the cavity. Sand 4 is laid in the lower part of the air cavity 1, on the border with the soil, and gravel 5 is above it. The air cavity 1 is connected to the drain 6 from the septic tank and additionally contains at least one sprayer 7 installed at the outlet of the septic tank. The sprinkler 7 is installed with the possibility of ensuring uniform irrigation of the surface of the gravel 5. The sprinkler 7 can be installed both in the upper part of the air cavity and in its side or lower part. The latter is preferable, since it provides a longer residence time of water droplets from the septic tank in the air. To increase the uniformity of the spraying of drains, the housing 2 can be made in the form of a cylindrical body.

The proposed filter cartridge works as follows.

When applying the discharge 6 from the septic tank in the air cavity 1, the latter is saturated with oxygen. This contributes to the processing of the discharge by 6 aerobic bacteria, which increases the degree of purification of the drain. Cleaning the drain 6 also contributes to the uniform spraying of it on the surface of the gravel.

By analogy with the described sprayer can also be installed in the drainage tunnel, dome, filter well and other structures designed to drain wastewater into the ground, with an air cavity for spraying.

A high degree of purification of the drain from the septic tank is the advantage and advantage of the proposed technical solution compared to the prototype.

Claims (6)

1. A filter cartridge for treating domestic wastewater, which is an underground cavity formed by a rigid body into which at least one exhaust pipe is inserted to provide ventilation for the cavity, sand is laid in the lower part of the cavity, on the border with the ground, and above it gravel, while the air cavity of the filter cartridge is connected to the drain from the septic tank, characterized in that it further comprises at least one sprinkler installed in the air cavity at the outlet of the septic tank. 2. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the sprayer is installed with the possibility of ensuring uniform irrigation of the gravel surface. 3. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the sprinkler is installed in the upper part of the air cavity. 4. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the sprinkler is installed in the lower part of the air cavity. 5. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the sprinkler is installed in the side of the air sheet. 6. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a cylindrical body.

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