RU169991U1 - INSTALLATION FOR CAPTURE OF VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF DEHYDRATABLE DERIVATIVES OF HUNTING ANIMALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model “Installation for capturing the volatile components of dehydrated derivatives of hunting animals” relates to drying equipment and can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries for drying and drying a wide range of hunting products. The objective of the utility model is to increase the drying and capture efficiency of volatile components in a wide range of hunting products by reducing energy costs and improving the quality of dried materials. The problem is solved by equipping the device with a thermally insulated chamber made of non-synthetic materials, a power indicator of the unit and an indicator for turning on the heating elements, two heating elements in series, a thermostat that regulates the temperature of the air in the chamber, a supply and exhaust air exchange system consisting of an axial supply fan mounted on the side wall of the chamber and the axial fan for moving air masses with vapors located inside the chamber, which It is capable of multiple air circulation and the ability to move fumes to the condensation channel and condensate collector installed outside the drying chamber. The drying process is carried out in a low-temperature mode, at which the temperature of the medium is maintained below the boiling point of water (22-28 ° C), and vaporization in derivatives occurs due to evaporation of moisture. The process of condensation of volatile components of derivatives is carried out in lower temperature conditions (10-15 ° C) due to cooling of the condensation channel with running water.

Description

The utility model relates to drying equipment and can be used in the hunting industry, perfumery and pharmaceutical industries for drying and trapping volatile components of a wide range of hunting products. The objective of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of drying, trapping and condensing useful volatile substances by reducing the time spent on the dehydration of products, reducing energy costs and increasing the marketability of dried and condensed samples. The problem is solved by equipping a device for drying and trapping volatile components of hunting derivatives with a thermally insulated chamber made of non-synthetic materials, a power indicator of the unit and an indicator for turning on the heating elements, two heating elements connected in series, the supply and exhaust air exchange system, with the ability to control the intensity of air circulation, a thermostat that regulates the temperature of the air in the chamber, a limit switch installed for automatic voltage relief when opening the chamber door, a condensation channel (consisting of two chambers) installed outside the drying chamber, automatic fuses.

This device for drying and trapping volatile components of a wide range of hunting products has several advantages:

- multivariance of operating modes, providing the choice of optimal drying and trapping conditions for volatile substances for each type of derivative;

- high speed of the drying process and the capture of volatile components (from 25% to 40% compared with analogues);

- long service life of the used fans and TENOV;

- the combination of high air exchange rate, optimal temperature and vapor condensation system allows for maximum preservation of biologically active substances in the dried product and the production of condensate of volatile odorants, which significantly improves the quality of products compared to analogues.

Known methods for drying and trapping volatile components are based on various methods of intensifying the processes of transfer of internal moisture into the surrounding space. These processes are limited by the rate of movement of moisture from the inner layers of the product to its surface and then its transformation into a gaseous form, followed by transition to the composition of the air mixture, its movement into a condensation channel, subsequent cooling and condensation of vapors in the form of moisture. The mechanism of this transfer is due to the shape and energy of the moisture bond with the material.

Drying food is one of the types of preservation and provides for the reduction of moisture in the product, sometimes to very small values (<10%). In drying processes, it is most difficult to remove adsorption-bound moisture, this determines the drying time of the product and high energy costs. All known and widely used drying methods are based on one or another method of intensifying the evaporation of moisture. Most often, in analog devices, product heating is used. But other methods of product dehydration are also used: drying using electric current, infrared radiation, microwave radiation, gas pressure, gelling agent. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

The first is the method of drying the fish in its original form (Accepted application of Japan N 51-7358, 34FI, publ. 16.11.51). The method is based on passing in the longitudinal direction through the fish carcass an electric current in order to ensure uniform drying of all fish.

The method is technologically complicated for continuous production, and is also characterized by low economic efficiency, a significant risk of production. It should also be noted that the effect of electrophoresis (i.e., protein breakdown in the presence of current) does not correlate with the requirements for the maximum complete preservation of the quality of unique products, which are derivatives of hunting animal species.

The second method is a method of drying food products, such as fish and meat (German Patent No. 1.099.833, 53 p. 1, publ. 16.02.61), in which the product is subjected to infrared radiation during forced air circulation.

The method is characterized by high energy consumption, in addition, under infrared irradiation there is uneven (surface) heating, often undesirable and unacceptable to obtain a high-quality product from derivatives. In addition, infrared radiation adversely affects many valuable substances that are part of the derivatives used in the perfume and pharmaceutical industries.

The third method is the drying method by heating food products (Japanese application N 55-48788, A23L 3/00, publ. 08.12.80), when the food product is dried until free moisture is removed, then it is subjected to microwave heating at a temperature of 120-180 ° C and dried in cold air.

However, the use of high power microwave heaters in production is associated with a high cost of equipment, the presence of harmful factors in the production and significant energy consumption due to the limited efficiency of microwave radiation sources.

The fourth method for the rapid preparation of dry food products (Application Germany NOS 3540544, A23L 3/40, publ. 21.05.87), in which the dried product is exposed to gas under high pressure, then the gas pressure is reduced, and the gas remaining at low temperature in the product are removed during heating during the drying process.

The disadvantages of using this drying method include high risks of anthropogenic nature when using gas under high pressure. The profitability of this method is possible with large volumes of products. This is difficult to achieve with respect to derivatives from objects of hunting, which, as you know, has a pronounced seasonality in Russia and provides for quotas for withdrawal rates for most animal species. This method is also distinguished by the high cost of equipment, which introduces significant limitations to its widespread use in the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, the use of gas under high pressure during drying and drying of the derivative will lead to deformation of the product and deterioration of presentation.

A known method of drying food products, vegetables, fruits, algae and meat (Japanese Application N 62-54466, A23L 3/40, publ. 16.11.87), including impregnating the product with a liquid containing a gel, gelation, dehydration by soaking the product with an aqueous solution harmless organic solvent and drying under the influence of temperature.

The use of this drying method leads to a change in the structure and appearance of the product, which is extremely undesirable when implementing such specific products as derivatives of hunting animal species. In addition, the manufacture of a gelling agent for this drying method takes place outside of our country, which increases its cost and makes it difficult to provide raw materials under the conditions of sanctions against our state.

Summarizing the results of the above review, it can be stated that all the analogues of our device were created in the 50-80s of the XX century, which does not fully comply with the characteristics and requirements of the installations at present.

Thus, the created device has no patented analogues in the field of dehydration of derivatives and capture of volatile components of hunting animal species and has a number of successful technical solutions. This is the first development in the developing Russian market of equipment for processing in promising sectors of the hunting economy, perfumery and pharmaceutical industries.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the drying efficiency of derivatives and the capture of volatile substances from them by reducing energy consumption and improving the quality of the dried materials and trapped, condensable useful volatile substances.

The problem is solved by equipping the device with a thermally insulated camera, a power indicator of the installation and an indicator for turning on the heating elements, two heating elements connected in series, a thermostat that regulates the temperature of the air in the chamber, a supply and exhaust air exchange system consisting of an axial supply fan mounted on the side wall of the chamber and an axial fan for moving air masses with vapors located inside the chamber, which is made with the possibility of multiple circulation in air and the ability to move fumes to the condensation channel and the condensate collector installed outside the drying chamber.

The device is a combined means of drying and trapping volatile components, because the heat source and the directed air flow are simultaneously acting on the derivatives, and the resulting vapors are cooled and condensed using a condensation channel.

The drying process is carried out in a low-temperature mode, in which the temperature of the medium is maintained below the boiling point of water (22-28 ° C), and the vaporization in the derivatives occurs due to evaporation of moisture. The process of condensation of volatile components of derivatives is carried out in lower temperature conditions (10-15 ° C) due to cooling of the condensation channel with running water.

The device contains a heat-insulated chamber (dimensions: 630 × 930 × 430 mm) (1), a tightly locked door (2), a power indicator of the unit and an indicator for turning on the heating elements (3), a terminal switch of the unit (4), rods made of food-grade aluminum (length 570 mm, d = 10 mm) (5), an axial supply fan with a power of 0.1 kW (6), an axial fan of 0.1 kW (7) for moving air masses with vapors, two heating elements with a power of 1.2 kW (8), connected in series, a thermostat (9) that regulates the temperature of the air in the chamber, a condensation channel (length 900 mm) (10), consisting of two chambers: 1) an external chamber with running cold water (length 750 mm, d = 80 mm); 2) an internal chamber designed for condensation of derivatives vapors (length 770 cm, d = 20 cm), automatic fuses (11).

The device operates as follows.

Derivatives are hung on rods made of edible aluminum (5), loaded into the chamber (1), after which the door (2) is tightly closed, the terminal switch of the unit (4) is activated and the power indicator of the unit and the indicator for turning on the heating elements (3) light up. At the same time, an axial supply fan (6) and an axial fan for moving air masses with vapors (7), heating elements (8) begin to work. Air from the axial supply fan begins to flow into the chamber. The air flow is heated using two heating elements and passes through the entire chamber and suspended products using a second fan. After that, moisture-saturated air is removed into the condensation channel through an opening in the upper wall of the chamber, where moisture condenses by cooling the condensation channel with running water.

After complete preparation of the dried product and condensate from it, they are removed and prepared for further processing and sale.

Example. Derivatives (preputial and anterior glands of the common beaver) are placed on food aluminum rods or on strands of a non-synthetic composition tied to them. Then the rods are fixed in a thermally insulated chamber. The door of the device is closed, the terminal switch of the installation is triggered and the power indicator of the installation and the indicator for turning on the heating elements turn on. An axial supply fan, an axial fan, two heating elements are triggered, air from the axial supply fan starts to flow into the chamber. The air flow is heated using two heating elements and passes through the entire chamber and suspended products using a second fan. After that, air saturated with moisture is removed into the condensation channel through an opening in the upper wall of the chamber, where the condensate is cooled and condensed.

After the derivatives are dried for 72 hours and 240 hours, respectively, the product loses from 38 to 78% of the initial mass.

Main characteristics:

• Single loading: 6 kg of derivative;

• Derivation of derivatives: 1 load in 72 hours;

• Derivative drying: 1 load in 240 hours;

• Overall dimensions: 630 × 930 × 430 mm;

• Power consumption: 0.8 kW;

• Power supply: 1 phase, 220 V, 50 Hz;

• Weight: 25 kg.

Requirements for the premises for condensate from derivatives:

• Temperature: not higher than 15 ° C;

• Working area - 5 m ² for one device with a constantly working air conditioner.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1. Top view: thermally insulated chamber (1), door (2), power supply indicator of the unit and the inclusion indicator for heating elements (3), terminal switch of the unit (4), axial fan (6), thermostat (9), condensation channel (10 )

Figure 2. Side view: insulated chamber (1), door (2), installation terminal switch (4), condensation channel (10).

Figure 3. Side view: insulated chamber (1), tightly locked door (2), power indicator of the unit and the indicator for turning on the heating elements (3), terminal switch of the unit (4), axial supply fan (6), thermostat (9), condensation channel (10), automatic fuses (11).

Figure 4. Front view: heat-insulated chamber (1), tightly locked door (2), power supply indicator of the installation and power-on indicator of the heating elements (3), terminal switch of the installation (4), food aluminum rods (5), axial supply fan (6 ), an axial fan for moving air masses with vapors (7), two heating elements (8), a thermostat (9), a condensation channel (10), automatic fuses (11).

Figure 5. Rear view: insulated chamber (1), installation terminal switch (4), condensation channel (10).

Claims (1)

Installation for capturing the volatile components of dehydrated derivatives of hunting species of animals, characterized in that it contains a heat-insulated chamber with a door and a power indicator for the installation and an indicator for turning on the heating elements, two heating elements in series, a thermostat that regulates the temperature of the air in the chamber, a supply and exhaust system air exchange, consisting of an axial supply fan mounted on the side wall of the chamber, and an axial fan for moving air x masses with vapors located inside the chamber, which is configured to repeatedly circulate air and the ability to move the vapors into the condensation channel and the condensate collector installed outside the drying chamber.

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