RU169959U1 - INSTALLATION FOR DEEP BIO-CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to environmental protection, agriculture and soil biotechnology, can be used in the disposal of crop waste, animal husbandry and other organic waste to produce valuable liquid organic fertilizer. The plant is designed for processing dry or moistened up to 40% organic substrate with further production of organic fertilizers. The installation is made in the form of a hermetically sealed container, divided (in a vertical plane) into three zones. The first (top) - boot-preparatory. The second (middle) is the extraction zone. The third (lower) is the anaerobic fermentation zone. The temperature in the installation is maintained due to the heating elements built into the housing, as well as thermostats located in the preparatory section and the active anaerobic reaction zone. Placing thermostats in two zones is designed to ensure uniform temperature in the installation in any operating mode. Temperature control is ensured by temperature sensors paired with thermostats. In addition, the installation is equipped with a recirculation loop, represented by two filters, a main pump and a control unit. Technical result: activation of the process of anaerobic decomposition of dry or moistened up to 40% organic substrate with further production of organic fertilizers.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, and more specifically to methods and devices for processing various organic waste, such as manure, bird droppings, litter, etc., into liquid organic fertilizer.

There are various methods and installations for processing organic waste into environmentally friendly and useful substances, for example, in dry fertilizers and biogas (see USSR AS No. 785231, C02F 12/07, 1980, USSR AS No. 1247354, C02F 07 / 30, 1986, AS of the USSR No. 1437355, C02F 11/15, 1987, AS of the USSR No. 1451103, C02F 01/15, 1989, AS of the USSR No. 1585299, C02F 08/15, 1990, RF patent No. 2040515, C05F 07/25, 1995, RF patent No. 2505488, C02F 3/30, 2014, etc.).

However, as shown by the practice of operation, the above methods and installations due to a number of technological and design features are not effective enough to obtain fertilizers, and are also difficult to implement.

Known disadvantages of the traditional anaerobic methanogenic process (low specific productivity, significant (up to 70%) energy consumption for own needs) are partially eliminated in the analog device (see US patent No. 6730223, Europatent 2105414 according to classification C02F 3/28).

In an analog device, the initial substrate is hydrolyzed in a steam autoclave, followed by anaerobic processing of the hydrolyzed substrate in a combined vertical apparatus, an anaerobic bioreactor. At the anaerobic first stage, the entire substrate is treated. After filtration separation into fractions, an additional anaerobic treatment is applied to the liquid fraction of the substrate (primary effluent). The target products are stabilized fractions (solid fraction of the primary effluent, secondary effluent at the outlet of the anaerobic biofilter) and biogas. The use of pre-treatment - hydrolysis can increase the intensity of the anaerobic process, improve the conditions of mixing and separation into fractions.

The disadvantage of the technology is that it is aimed at wastewater treatment, and the resulting product is highly susceptible to the development of fermentation processes, which result in non-standard microbiological and biochemical composition, gas evolution (which makes packaging and transportation impossible). The alkaline compositions used in such cases for stopping fermentation significantly reduce the environmental friendliness of the final product.

The closest known patented analogue is the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2315721 C1 of 01/27/2008.

Of the main disadvantages of this installation can be considered:

1) high energy intensity of the installation;

2) the complexity of the design and its high price;

3) technology aimed at obtaining biogas contributes to the development of microbiota in the reactor, which is not consistent with the task of obtaining a microbiologically stable organic fertilizer;

4) the device does not provide for the possibility of periodic updating of the primary substrate (waste).

The objective of this utility model is to create such an organic fertilizer production that provides efficient anaerobic decomposition of the organic substrate.

The indicated result is achieved in an anaerobic processing plant for organic waste containing an anaerobic bioreactor, which is a square tank, in the lower part having a base in the form of a truncated pyramid (1). In the upper part there is a hermetically sealed cover (2). A fitting and fasteners of the tank expander (3) are installed under the flange of the cover. On the sides are two inlet, two outlet fittings with an inner diameter of 1 inch, there are also two nozzles for temperature control sensors and one fitting for mounting the temperature control sensor.

In the middle zone of the tank, corners (4) are welded around the perimeter, onto which a perforated sheet with a thickness of 2 mm with a hole diameter of 10 mm (5) is mounted, which is the basis for the extraction element. The extraction element, which is a bag of polypropylene filter cloth (KS-34 size 120 × 50 cm) (6), filled with a degradable substrate, is tightly laid on a perforated sheet and closed with the same perforated sheet (7). The described construction creates an extraction zone.

In the lower part of the tank, the installation is equipped with a sludge discharge nozzle with a diameter of 1 inch (7), a finished product discharge nozzle, a make-up nozzle of a system equipped with 0.5-inch diameter stopcocks (8).

The installation has a forced circulation system, represented by a main circulation pump with a capacity of 2.5-5 m ^{3 /} h. ⁽ 9), two main filters (10), four ball valves (11), two nozzles (12) connected by a piping system.

The unit is connected to a single-phase 220 V 50 Hz network and has an input AB 25A, then it is divided into 3 lines: the first line of the heating system includes 2 thermostats (13) and two heating elements (14), the AV 16A is protected, the heating element protection circuit includes an overheating sensor; the second line of the circulation system includes a power circuit for the circulation pump, is protected by AB 5A, the protection circuit includes a level sensor installed in the expansion tank (15); the third line includes a power circuit for control and indication devices;

All housing elements and nozzles are made of stainless steel, the piping of the circulation system is made of PVC pipes with a diameter of 1 inch.

The case of the installation and pipelines are covered with heat-insulating material.

The operation of the installation includes three stages:

1) Preparatory. The installation is filled with water to the level of the base of the extraction element, then the extraction element is assembled and the lid of the installation is closed. The unit is warming up with subsequent recharge to the control level of the expansion tank. The tightness of the installation is checked. The temperature mode is set and the forced circulation pump is turned on.

2) Installation work. The circulation pump delivers a fluid stream to the nozzle, which, thanks to the concentrically arranged openings, creates a turbulent zone inside the active area of the installation. This contributes to uniform heating and mixing. The liquid under the influence of thermohydrodynamic forces passes through the extraction element, entraining dissolved substances, along with mechanical impurities enters the filter element. In the filter element, the liquid is cleaned of mechanical impurities and returned to the circulation pump. The cycle repeats.

Throughout the entire period of operation of the installation, it is necessary to control the temperature and water level, performing alternate maintenance of the main filters as they become clogged.

3) The final stage. Upon completion of the biodegradation process, we turn off the heating and circulation systems. We cool the contents of the installation to the bottling temperature of the finished product, we carry out the discharge of the finished product into the container. Then we open the lid of the installation, we extract the spent contents of the extraction elements. We drain the sediment and flush the installation. Disconnect the installation from the network.

Using the proposed installation allows due to the effective anaerobic decomposition of the organic substrate to ensure the complete processing of organic waste and to obtain natural organic fertilizer.

A brief description of the drawings.

FIG. 1. - front view: housing (1), cover (2), expansion tank (3), support angles (4), perforated sheets (5), filter bags (6), sludge drain valve (7), finished drain valve products (8), main pump (9), main filters (10), ball valves of the recirculation circuit (11), nozzles (12), temperature sensor (13), heating elements (14), water level sensor of the expander (15).

FIG. 2 - side view: body (1), cover (2), expansion tank (3), support angles (4), perforated sheets (5), filter bags (6), sludge drain valve (7), finished product drain valve (8), main pump (9), main filters (10), ball valves of the recirculation circuit (11), nozzles (12), temperature sensor (13), heating elements (14), water level sensor of the expander (15).

FIG. 3. - top view: housing (1), expansion tank (3), support angles (4), perforated sheets (5), filter bags (6), main pump (9), main filters (10), recirculating ball valves circuit (11), nozzles (12), temperature sensor (13), heating elements (14), water level sensor of the expander (15).

Claims (1)

The plant for deep bioconversion of organic waste is intended for the production of liquid organic fertilizer from plant and animal waste by anaerobic decomposition, characterized in that it consists of a waterproof housing with a hermetically sealed lid, an expansion tank is built into the housing under the lid flange, and filter bags are located in the middle of the housing with a substrate fixed in the housing between two perforated sheets, a drain fitting is installed in the lower part of the housing, as well as The electrical heating elements are also inserted into the housing circulation system provided with two main filters, pump and injector system, in addition to all the above two housing temperature sensor and the thermostat are integrated.

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