RU168574U1 - FOREST RESTORATION MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

A machine for reforestation at logging sites, including a skeleton, an attachment for connecting to a tractor, two swinging levers with hinged needles and energy regulators in the form of springs, two seed units mounted on the sides of the skeleton with tubular vas deferens and tips turned to the side of the hinges needles, each sowing unit is made in the form of an air blower and a seed drum with dispensers on its surface. The seed drum is made of magnetic material and can be freely installed n on the drive shaft, on which a permanent ring magnet is mounted close to the end surface of the seed drum.

Description

Deforestation machine refers to devices for mechanization of work during reforestation and can be used on unforested and uncleaned deforestation with stony soils, as well as on plow beds, burnt areas, spars, drained swamps.

A known machine for reforestation on clearings [1], including a skeleton, on the sides of which swinging levers are mounted with needles forming planting holes and lumps of soil used to seal the root system of plants planted in these holes. The machine is supported by skis and connected to the tractor by means of a hinged system and a cardan shaft.

The disadvantage of this machine is its limited use in clearings with dry soils, where reforestation is preferable not to planting but to sowing the forest.

A known method of row-hole sowing of forest seeds [2], including the formation of a strip mixed with forest litter and pneumatic feeding of portions of seeds to the frontal surface of the opener.

Known interchangeable sowing device for row-hole sowing of small loose seeds (mainly coniferous trees) along mineralized strips, including a roller, at the opposite ends of which a motionless support-drive wheel interacting with the soil surface and a seed drum are fixed [3].

The disadvantage of this device when used as a sowing unit of a machine for restoring forest on clearings [1] is the stationary fixing of the seed drum on the roller, which can cause damage to the device as a result of dynamic loads during start-up and shutdown.

The closest set of essential features to the claimed utility model is a machine for reforestation on clearings [4], which implements the above method [2] line-hole sowing and is adopted as a prototype.

The machine contains a skeleton, an attachment for connecting to a tractor, two swinging levers with articulated needles and energy regulators in the form of springs, two ski-shaped skids and a metering device for separating portions of seeds with an air blower, made in the form of two sowing units mounted on the sides of the skeleton, with tubular vas deferens connected to them, at the lower ends of which rotary tips are fixed, facing the hinged needles.

The disadvantage of the machine is the use of a known reel-grooved type metering unit in the sowing units for separating seed portions, which does not provide a complete separation of the seed portions, which violates the method [2] of row-hole sowing and the reliability of the machine.

The technical result provided by the claimed utility model consists in increasing its reliability and the quality of row-hole seeding in clearings.

A technical result is achieved by the fact that the seed drum is made of magnetic material and is freely mounted on the drive shaft, on which a permanent ring magnet is mounted close to the end surface of the seed drum.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the proposed machine for the restoration of forests on clearings. In FIG. 2 shows the device of the metering unit.

The proposed machine for reforestation at logging sites contains a skeleton 1, an attachment 2 for attachment to a tractor, two swinging arms 3 with hinged needles 4 and energy regulators 5 in the form of springs, two ski-shaped runners 6 with devices for surface tillage 7 and a cam mechanism 8 swing arm drive 3.

On the sides and on top of the core 1 two metering units 9 are fixed, made in the form of a fan 21, an ejector 22, a casing 23 and a seed drum 13. As a fan 21, for example, a car interior air blower can be used.

To each block 9 is attached the upper end of the tubular inclined vas deferens 10, fixedly attached to the skeleton 1 next to the swing arm 3. On the lower ends of the vas deferens 10 above the ski-shaped runners 6 are mounted rotary tips 11, facing the hinge needles 4. In each position, each tip 11 held by latch 12.

Each sowing unit 9 comprises a seed drum 13 freely mounted on the shaft 14. The housing of the seed drum 13 is made of magnetic material. Dispensers 15 are mounted on the generatrix surface of the seed drum 13. On the shaft 14 near the end surface of the seed drum 13 a permanent ring magnet 18 is rigidly fixed by means of a sleeve 16 and a pin 17. The shaft 14 is driven by a gear motor 19 through a leash 20. As a motor gear 19 can be used, for example, a car wiper drive.

The proposed machine for the restoration of forests on clearings works as follows.

In the mode of preparation of the pits for placement of planting material, the swinging levers 3 with hinged needles 4 alternately rise and fall under the action of the cam mechanism 8 and energy regulators 5, similar to the operation of the prototype machine [4]. The drive of the seed drums 13 and the fans 21 is turned off.

In the sowing mode, the drive of the swinging arms 3 is turned off, the hinged needles 4 are lowered by the ends to the soil and together with the ski-shaped runners 6 and the furrow-forming devices 7 perform surface tillage, forming a mineralized strip. The fan 21 and the gear motor 19 of each metering unit 9 are turned on. The seed drum 13 is attracted to the permanent magnet 18, which provides the necessary moment of friction for rotation. During the rotation of the seed drum 13, the dispensers 15 are alternately filled with seed portions from the inside of the drum, which are then sent through the casing 23 to the tubular oblique seed tube 10. The air flow generated by the fan 21 through the ejector 22 entrains the seed portions and ensures their rapid movement along the seed tube 10 and rotates tip 11 towards the articulated needles. This ensures a clear separation of the areas of distribution of seed portions on the soil surface and improving the quality of row-hole sowing of seeds at the cutting. The desired sowing step is provided by the number of dispensers 15 on the seed drums 13 and the rotational speed of these drums, set by the gear motors 19.

At the moments of turning on or off the motor gearbox 19, the seed drum 13, overcoming the action of the magnetic field, by inertia scrolls relative to the shaft 14, accelerating or stopping gradually, which eliminates the breakdown of the device and ensures its high reliability without requiring adjustments.

In the regime of soil preparation with the assistance of the natural regeneration of the forest, the drives of the swinging levers 3 and sowing blocks 9 are disabled.

The transition from preparing the soil to planting a forest, promoting natural regeneration or sowing does not require stopping the machine for reforestation at felling, which ensures its high productivity, and the use of the proposed device of sowing blocks ensures the reliability of the machine for reforestation and improves the quality of row-hole sowing .

Information sources

1. Patent for utility model 75910 C1 of the Russian Federation, IPC A01C 5/04. Machine for reforestation on clearings / Rodionov A.V., Tsypuk A.M., Egipti A.E., Sokolov A.I. (RU); patent holder Petrozavodsk State University. No. 2008111348, declared March 24, 2008, publ. 09/10/2008.

2. Patent for the invention RU 2504942 C1 of the Russian Federation, IPC A01C 5/00. The method of row-hole sowing of forest seeds / Tsypuk A.M., Egipti A.E., Rodionov A.V., Sokolov A.I. (RU); patent holder Petrozavodsk State University. No. 2012128469/13, declared 07/06/2012, publ. 01/27/2014.

3. Patent for utility model 50750 U1 of the Russian Federation, IPC A01C 7/08. Replaceable sowing device / Rodionov A.V. (RU); patent holder Petrozavodsk State University. No. 2005108442/22, declared 03/28/2005, publ. 01/27/2006.

4. Patent for utility model 158731 U1 of the Russian Federation, IPC A01C 5/00. Machine for reforestation on clearings / Tsypuk A.M., Egipti A.E., Sokolov A.I., Rodionov A.V., Chechkov A.A., Anuchin A.S. (RU); patent holder Petrozavodsk State University. No. 2015117003/13, declared 05/05/2015, publ. 01/20/2016.

Claims (1)

A machine for reforestation at logging sites, including a skeleton, an attachment for connecting to a tractor, two swinging levers with hinged needles and energy regulators in the form of springs, two seed units mounted on the sides of the skeleton with tubular vas deferens and tips turned to the side of the hinges needles, each sowing unit is made in the form of a fan, an ejector, a casing and a seed drum with dispensers on its surface forming, characterized in that the seed drum is made of magnetic material and is freely mounted on a drive shaft on which the end surface close to the seed drum mounted permanent annular magnet.

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