RU167703U1 - COVERING THE SCREEN TYPE FOR GROWING PLANTS IN OPEN SOIL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for protecting plants from adverse environmental influences, and can be used in the cultivation of heat-loving vegetable crops, such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, in open ground. A screen-type shelter for growing plants in open ground contains protective shields mounted on a frame of profile arcs and crossbars and installed in pairs so that a process passage is formed between the screens. It differs in that it is equipped with an end guard consisting of screen end fences and a process passage fence, while the screen end fences are rigidly connected to the profile arches of the frame, and the process passage fence is installed between the end fences with the possibility of forming a passage between them. The use of the claimed utility model makes it possible to additionally accumulate active temperatures under a screen-type protective shelter, to quickly control the ventilation mode depending on changes in air temperature in the plant zone, to provide convenient access for service personnel to plants, and also to create conditions for the mechanization of basic technological operations in the space between screens .

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for protecting plants from adverse environmental influences, and can be used in the cultivation of heat-loving vegetable crops, such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, in open ground.

Known shelter for growing plants in open ground (US Patent: US 650024 A (RIGGINS NORJVIAN ALPHEUS), 05/22/1900) containing two articulated security elements adjacent to each other at a certain angle.

The elements of the protective screen are made of opaque material, preferably from a single board, one of the elements being mounted on a support stand, and installed above the plants (a row of plants) in different positions of the elements relative to each other depending on the purpose: in the form of a wall - to protect the plant from wind and providing its lighting with the sun, in the form of a direct or inclined L-shaped profile - to provide ventilation and the formation of shadows and in the form of a tent - to completely cover the plant and protect it go from showers and frost.

The device is effective in an area with a high level of natural heat supply and helps to reduce the temperature in the plant area, provides protection for plants from strong winds, heavy rains and the sun.

The disadvantage of the described shelter is the inability to ensure effective heat storage in the plant area.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed device (adopted as a prototype) is a device for growing heat-loving vegetables in open ground (RF Patent for the invention No. 2479986) containing protective shields and vertical support racks, characterized in that the protective screens are mounted on vertical support racks and are made in the form of a single profiled surface of translucent material rigidly fixed to the frame of profile arcs and crossbars. Protective shields are installed on adjacent rows of mirrored inner surfaces, and there is a process passage between the upper edges of the shields. At the same time, they form a protective shelter design, which ensures, due to the mirror arrangement of the screens, the accumulation of additional active temperatures under the screens in the plant location zone. The design provides the conditions for the mechanization of certain technological operations in the space between the screens.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of end fencing, which reduces its effectiveness in low insolation conditions (in cloudy weather and at night), as well as in strong winds along the longitudinal axis of the shelters.

Studies carried out at SibIME showed that the installation of the end fence contributes to the accumulation of additional active temperatures under the screens in the plant location zone (in the experiments they were about 100 ° C), which is especially important for areas with insufficient heat supply in conditions of low insolation. In conditions of a high level of insolation (in sunny weather), on the contrary, this leads to an increase in temperature in the plant zone by 5-8 ° C compared to open ground and can lead to overheating of plants, and then additional ventilation is necessary. It was experimentally established that the opening of end ventilation in the area of the technological passage reduces the increase in air temperature under the shelter relative to the external environment to 2 ° C, which practically corresponds to the absence of end fencing and the current natural conditions of open ground.

The objective of the proposed solution is to increase the effectiveness of the screen-type shelter at various levels of insolation by installing an end fence, which provides the accumulation of additional active temperatures and the operational control of end ventilation depending on changes in air temperature in the plant area.

The problem is solved in that in a device for growing plants in open ground containing protective shields mounted on a frame of profile arcs and crossbars and installed in pairs so that a technological passage is formed between the screens, according to the invention, an end fence consisting of fences is additionally mounted ends of screens and fencing technological passage. In this case, the end faces of the screens are rigidly connected with the profile arches of the frame, and the technological passage fence is installed between the end walls with the possibility of forming a passage between them.

To ensure the possibility of applying technological equipment in a shelter (mini-tractor or walk-behind tractor with mounted machines), the shield ends are removable (fastened to profile arcs by known methods, for example, threaded connections).

For operational access to plants during operations for the care and collection of finished products in the end guard between the end faces of the screens located mirror-relative to each other, a process passage fence is installed.

The introduction of an end fence to the shelter design contributes to the accumulation of additional active temperatures in the plant location zone, which is especially important for zones with insufficient heat supply, especially in conditions of low insolation (in cloudy weather and at night). This creates more comfortable conditions for plant growth (protection against adverse external influences) and prolongs the growing season, which ultimately provides earlier ripening of the fruits and a significant increase in yield when growing heat-loving crops.

The removable design of the shelter end fencing provides the full opening of the end guard, which creates the necessary conditions for the mechanization of certain technological operations (pre-planting soil cultivation, fertilizing, row-spacing) in the space between the screens.

The presence of the fencing of the technological passage provides operational access to the plants for maintenance of plants and the collection of finished products, protects the shelter space from unwanted intrusion of animals and creates conditions for additional control of the ventilation mode depending on changes in air temperature in the plant area.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a screen-type shelter with an end guard, in FIG. 2, 3 and 4 - the same, with a different design of the fences of the technological passage.

In the drawings, the following notation:

1 - a protective screen, 2 - a profile arc, 3 - a crossbar, 4 - a protection of ends of screens, 5 - a protection of a technological passage.

The claimed design (Fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4) has protective shields 1 fixed to the frame from profile arcs 2 and crossbars 3, and an end guard consisting of guards for the ends of the shields 4 and guards of the technological passage 5. All together form a shelter section .

The fencing of the ends of the screens 4 by known methods (for example, bolting) is attached to the profile arches 2 of the frame and is made in the form of a frame on which a coating of translucent material is fixed.

To the fencing of the ends of the screens 4 by known methods, the fencing of the technological passage 5 is fastened, additionally performing the function of a ventilation device in conditions of elevated temperature under the screens.

Depending on the method of formation of the technological passage, various design options and fastening of the fence of the technological passage 5 are possible, which are realized by known devices.

So, for example, in the variant of the gate, the fencing of the technological passage 5 can be made in the form of a conventional door (Fig. 2), mounted on the fencing of the ends of the screens 4 using known devices, for example, hinges (not shown), thus forming a ventilation gap of various widths depending on the opening angle.

In the variant of the sliding door - in the form of 2 movable shutters (Fig. 3), moving in horizontal guides (not shown) and forming a ventilation gap along the width of the technological passage.

In the variant of vertical formation of the ventilation gap along the height of the technological passage (Fig. 4) - in the form of interchangeable dampers installed in vertical guides (not shown).

The device operates as follows.

Before installing shelters on the field, the main tillage is performed. Shelter is mounted similarly to the prototype. Under the assembled shelter frame, the necessary work is carried out: pre-planting tillage, planting seedlings, after which an end fence is installed.

For the passage of maintenance personnel into a shelter, for example, at work on plant care and collecting finished products or providing additional ventilation, the fence of the technological passage 5 is opened to the required size, for example, by turning the door (Fig. 2) by a certain angle, moving the movable shutters relative to the center technological passage (Fig. 3) or by removing the superior interchangeable damper (Fig. 4).

The use of the claimed invention allows additionally to accumulate active temperatures under a protective cover of a screen type in the plant location zone, which is especially important for areas with insufficient heat supply in conditions of low insolation, and to provide operational control of the ventilation mode in conditions of high insolation depending on changes in air temperature in the plant zone .

The claimed device provides convenient access for service personnel to plants to carry out plant care and collection of finished products, conditions are created for the mechanization of basic technological operations (pre-planting soil cultivation, fertilizing, row-spacing) in the space between the screens. In addition, more comfortable growth conditions for plants are created (protection against adverse external influences, including animal invasion), which ultimately provides earlier ripening of fruits, extension of vegetation periods until the onset of stable cold weather, a significant increase in yield when growing heat-loving vegetable crops in the open field.

Claims (1)

A screen-type shelter for growing plants in open ground, containing protective shields mounted on a frame of profile arcs and crossbars and installed in pairs so that a technological passage is formed between the shields, characterized in that it is equipped with an end guard consisting of end-face shields and fencing of the technological passage, while the fencing of the ends of the screens are rigidly connected with the profile arches of the frame, and the fencing of the technological passage is installed between the fencing of the ends with the ozhnostyu formation passage therebetween.

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