RU16698U1 - DEVICE FOR RELEASING PEOPLE FROM BUILDINGS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for lowering people from buildings, comprising a rotating drum with a cable and a two-stage brake mechanism, characterized in that the first stage is made in the form of a disk placed between brake pads pulled by a spring and rigidly coaxially mounted on the shaft of the rotating drum, the second stage is made in the form of a stationary brake drum, inside of which centrifugal brake pads are placed, movably mounted on a shaft connected to the axis of the rotating drum. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide assembly for the cable reeling from the movable drum is made in the form of partially overlapping rollers having an annular recess. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake pads are tightened by a spring, one of the ends of which is movably attached to the adjusting screw.

Description

A device for lowering people from buildings refers to the hindering technique, namely, means of saving people during fires and other extreme situations that require urgent evacuation of people from high-altitude objects and can be used to evacuate especially valuable objects, such as documentation, office equipment with databases, and so on. like that.

A device for saving people from high-altitude objects, comprising a reserve of a flexible element connected to a suspension placed in a housing on two drums and a braking control device in the form of a rigidly fixed shaft of one of the carrier drums and satellites, connected by gearing with a sun wheel. (description to AS No. 1676637 A 1, A 62 B 1/06 of 03/10/89, published September 15, 91. Bulletin No. 34).

It is also known a device for saving people from high-altitude objects, containing two drums located in the housing, a supply of a flexible element connected to the suspension, a preliminary locking unit, a pulse variator with a sun wheel and a pair of bevel gears (description to AS No. 1754129 A 1, A 62 V 1/06 dated 04.04.89, published 08/15/92. Bull. No. 30).

Both of the described devices are collective rescue equipment, very bulky and designed for rescue teams or fixed installations at the facility. The presence of a large number of mechanical connections makes them difficult to manufacture, requiring adjustment at the scene and reduces the reliability of such devices compared to mobile devices for evacuating people.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is an emergency descent device containing a rotary drum with a cable wound on it, the free end of which is attached to the object to be left, and a brake mechanism. The brake mechanism includes a fixed drum with an annular magnetic circuit and a disk with permanent magnets. The latter is rigidly connected to the movable drum and is located inside the annular magnetic circuit. Permanent magnets are hollow with axial magnetization and spring loaded located in the radial grooves of the disk with the possibility of movement under the action of centrifugal forces. (Description to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2081639 C1, A 62 B 1/10 of 06.22.93, published on 06.20.93. Bulletin No. 17).

A 62 V 1/06

This device is autonomous, designed for individual rescue, does not require adjustment. In this device, demagnetization of axial magnets is possible, and a backup system is not provided.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a simple, effective, reliable device for self-safe descent from a height, rescue the victims who are not able to carry out descent independently and especially foam objects.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the device for lowering people from buildings contains a rotating drum with a cable and a two-stage brake mechanism. The first stage of the mechanism is made in the form of a disk located between the brake pads with a spring-loaded spring and rigidly coaxially fixed to the shaft of the rotating drum. The second stage is made in the form of a stationary brake drum, inside of which are placed centrifugal brake pads, movably mounted on a shaft connected to the axis of the rotating drum by means of a gear upshift. The guide unit for the cable, wound from a rotating drum, is made in the form of partially overlapping rollers having an annular recess. The brake pads covering the brake disc are connected by levers pulled by a spring, one of the ends of which is movably attached to the adjusting screw.

A device for lowering people from buildings is shown in the drawings, where in FIG. 1 assembly, FIG. 2 is a section along A - A. FIG. 1 and 2 show: housing 1, eye 2, rotating drum 3, cable 4, brake disc 5, brake pads 6, levers 7, spring 8,, screw 9, gear wheel 10, ring gear 11, centrifugal brake pads 12, brake drum 13, guide rollers 14.

A device for lowering people from buildings comprises a housing 1, the lower part of which has an eye 2 for attaching a life belt (not shown), a rotating drum 3 with a wound cable 4, a brake disk 5 mounted rigidly on the shaft of the rotating drum 3, brake pads 6, constantly pressed to the surface of the disk by levers 7, tightened by a spring 8, one of the ends of which is movably attached to a screw 9, increasing the gear transmission, consisting of a gear wheel 10 and a gear ring 11, mounted on the cheek of the drum 3, centrifugal brake to the roller 12, movably mounted on the shaft of the gear wheel 10, the brake drum 13, partially overlapping guide rollers 14 with an annular groove.

In buildings, each room is equipped with stationary elementary devices, for example, brackets that can support the weight specified during the technical examination of the device when attaching a cable to it with a descent device and is equipped with the proposed device according to the number of employees or residents.

If there is a need for emergency evacuation from a height, the free end of the cable is attached by means of a carbine to stationary elementary devices, such as brackets, or to fixed strong elements of the object being abandoned. The device itself is attached to the evacuated object. The evacuated object is repelled from the support and hangs on the cable 4. Under the influence of its weight, the cable 4 starts to rotate the drum 3, overcoming the resistance created by the brake pads 6. The compressive force of the spring 8, which ensures constant pressure of the brake pads, is adjusted during assembly and subsequent technical inspections of the device by means of screw 9 The guide assembly, consisting of partially overlapping rollers 14 with an annular groove, ensures a constant position of the cable sliding through the assembly, preventing raschaya skewing and jamming. If for some reason, for example, a large weight of the evacuee is exceeded, the descent speed is exceeded, the second stage (duplicate) of the brake system begins to act. In this case, centrifugal brake pads 12, movably mounted on the shaft of the gear wheel 10, under the action of centrifugal forces, are pressed with their friction linings to the surface of the stationary brake drum 13, while the higher the shaft rotation speed, the stronger the pads are pressed against the drum and are braked, due to which the speed of descent is reduced.

The implementation of the descent device in two stages, of kinematically related two types of braking mechanisms: a mechanism that creates a constant braking force and a centrifugal mechanism, where the braking force increases with increasing descent speed, allows you to ensure a safe descent speed for any variation (no higher than the specified limit) of the evacuated weight. Failure of one of the two braking mechanisms will not lead to catastrophic consequences, since each of the two mechanisms is sufficient to provide descent with a tenfold speed dispersion, for example, from 0.5 to 5 meters per second.

Attaching the device to the evacuated person gives him confidence in salvation, which allows for effective evacuation in extreme situations.

the force created by the pads ensures the descent of the object at a safe speed. At the same time, the speed may not be constant and depends on the weight of the evacuated object, on the filling of the coil with the cable and on the condition of the brake pads, nevertheless it remains within the limits acceptable for saving people.

The presence of an adjusting screw allows you to adjust the compressive force of the spring, which ensures that the brake pads are pressed against the disk during assembly and subsequent technical inspections of the device for the specified weight and speed of descent.

The presence of a guide assembly consisting of rollers ensures a constant position of the cable sliding through the assembly, preventing distortions and jamming.

The compactness of the device and the non-combustibility of the mechanism allows the device to become an individual means of rescue and descent to a person who does not have experience in using specialized descent devices used by rescue services.

The device does not require any actions from the evacuees during the descent, which makes it possible to evacuate victims, unconscious or especially valuable objects.

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Claims (3)

1. A device for lowering people from buildings, comprising a rotating drum with a cable and a two-stage brake mechanism, characterized in that the first stage is made in the form of a disk placed between brake pads pulled by a spring and rigidly coaxially mounted on the shaft of the rotating drum, the second stage is made in the form of a stationary brake drum, inside of which are placed centrifugal brake pads, movably mounted on a shaft connected to the axis of the rotating drum.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide assembly for the cable reeling from the movable drum is made in the form of partially overlapping rollers having an annular recess. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake pads are pulled together by a spring, one of the ends of which is movably attached to the adjusting screw.