RU164176U1 - MECHANICAL INSTRUMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A mechanical device, comprising a model of a mechanical system located on a fixed base, consisting of a vertical rack with guides fixed to it and movable elements kinematically connected to each other, characterized in that the movable elements of the mechanical system, presented in the form of a load, a pulley and a movable block are arranged so that the movable block is elastically connected to the base, the pulley is mounted on a vertical stand, and the load is mounted to move along the guides consisting of inclined and horizontal sections, while the horizontal section of the rails is equipped with an emphasis, motion time sensors and a receiving tray. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cargo is made in the form of a body part with two mutually perpendicular cylindrical channels, in one of which a ball is mounted with the ability to move, and the other channel is equipped with a two-stage hole with a threaded plug installed in it and a spring-loaded locking element, intended for contact with the ball. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined portion of the guides is configured to change the angle of inclination with respect to the fixed base.

Description

The utility model relates to instruments in mechanics and can be used to clearly demonstrate the laws of mechanics, in particular, general theorems of the dynamics of a mechanical system and to conduct laboratory work, for example, when studying the topic “Theorem on the change in the kinetic energy of a mechanical system”.

Known educational device in mechanics [SU 564650 A1, 5 G09B 23/08, 07/05/1977] containing a model of a mechanical system located on a fixed base. The disadvantage of this device is that although it allows one to demonstrate one of the general theorems of dynamics on the motion of the center of mass of a mechanical system, it is not intended to illustrate the main types of motion of a rigid body (translational and rotational).

As a prototype, a device was selected for studying the laws of mechanics [RU 2473974 C1, G09B 23/06 (2006.01), 01/27/2013], which partially eliminated the above drawback, since this device is capable of analyzing the kinematics of translational motion. Common essential features of the known and claimed devices is that they contain placed on a fixed base, a vertical rack with guides and a movable element mounted on it. However, the known device allows experiments to be carried out only according to certain laws of physics and does not cover the entire aspect of the laws in the "Mechanics" section and is not intended for laboratory work. This disadvantage significantly narrows the scope of the specified device.

The utility model is based on the task of expanding the field of application of a known device by providing the possibility of didactic study of the theorem on the change in the kinetic energy of a mechanical system.

The problem is achieved in that the movable elements of the mechanical system, presented in the form of a load, a pulley and a movable block, are arranged in such a way that the movable block is elastically connected to the base, the pulley is mounted on a vertical strut. The load is installed with the possibility of moving along the guides, consisting of an inclined and horizontal sections, while the horizontal section of the guides is equipped with a stop, time tracking sensors and a receiving tray. Moreover, the cargo is made in the form of a body part with two mutually perpendicular cylindrical channels, one of which is designed to accommodate the ball with the ability to move, and the other channel is equipped with a two-stage hole with a threaded plug installed in it and a spring-loaded locking element in contact with the ball. The inclined section of the guides is configured to change the angle of inclination with respect to the fixed base.

The proposed solution provides an extension of the scope due to the possibility of studying the theorem on the change in the kinetic energy of a mechanical system, as well as demonstrating translational, rotational and plane-parallel types of motion when studying the “Kinematics” section.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated by the following schemes, which depict:

FIG. 1 - a general view of the instrument in mechanics;

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of a movable element (load) at the moment the ball is in one of the intermediate positions.

The proposed instrument in mechanics (Fig. 1) for studying the theorem on the kinetic energy change of a mechanical system contains a model of a mechanical system located on a fixed base 1, consisting of a vertical strut 2 with guides fixed on it and kinematically connected by a flexible link 3 (for example, a thread ) movable elements. The movable elements of the mechanical system are presented in the form of a load 4, a pulley 5 and a movable block 6. In this case, the movable block 6 is resiliently connected by a spring 7 to the base 1, the center of the pulley 5 is mounted on a vertical strut 2, and the load 4 is mounted for movement along the guides consisting of two sections: inclined 8 and horizontal 9. The inclined section 8 of the guides is mounted on a vertical strut 2 with the possibility of sliding along the additional element 10 and fixing in it to change the angle of inclination with respect to the fixed axis IAOD. The horizontal section 9 of the guides is equipped with a stop 11, sensors 12 and 13 for fixing the time of movement and the receiving tray 14.

The load (Fig. 2) is made in the form of a body part 15 with two mutually perpendicular cylindrical channels. A ball 17 is mounted in the channel 16 with the possibility of moving along both channels. And the other channel 18 is equipped with a two-stage hole 19. A threaded plug 20 and a spring-loaded locking element 22 are installed in the hole for contact with the ball 17.

The inclined section 8 of the guides is configured to change the angle of inclination with respect to the fixed base 1.

To block the movement of the mechanical system relative to the inclined section of the guides, a holding element is provided, for example, a hook-shaped rod 23. To secure the load 4 on a vertical rack 2, the end of the hook is made with the possibility of placing cargo 4 in the channel 16.

The device operates in mechanics as follows. At the initial time, the mechanical system is set at rest. Then the load 4 is released from the hook 23 and give a momentum of movement. Under the action of its own gravity, the ball 17 moves along the inclined part of the guides, causing the pulley 5 to rotate. By means of the yarn 3, the movable block 6 starts plane-parallel motion, causing deformation of the spring 7. In this case, the load 4 reaches the stop 11. Due to the impact, the ball placed in the load 4 17 passes through the stop 22. Compression of the spring 21 moves the stop 22 down along the axis of the hole 19. The ball exits the channel 18 and is in contact with the sensor 12, which sends a signal to activate the time counter. After contact with the sensor 13, turning off the time counter, the ball 17 enters the receiving tray 14. Next, the ball 17 is placed in the channel 16 of the load 4, and the load itself is returned to its original fixed position. The device is ready for the following experiments.

The proposed utility model allows us to demonstrate the laws of mechanics and conduct a series of laboratory work. For example, a simplified diagram provides the ability to measure travel time along a horizontal section of guides having a known length. Then, the presence of the magnitude of the movement time allows you to calculate the final speed of the load 4 and analytically calculate the deformation of the spring 7, using the theorem on the change in the kinetic energy of the mechanical system. The most preferred option is to use a special computer training program with the appropriate connection of sensors 12 and 13, followed by machine calculations and a graphical depiction of the kinetic energy of a mechanical system depending on a number of parameters studied, which vary depending on the angle of inclination of the guiding section 8.

This technical solution allows to increase the audience’s interest in studying the topic “Theorem on the change in the kinetic energy of a mechanical system”, to expand the functionality of the device through laboratory work, including increasing the number of students directly involved in the simultaneous implementation of various educational tasks.

Information sources:

1. SU 564650 A1, 5 G09B 23/08, 07/05/1977. Training device for mechanics / Butenin N.V., Ivanov L.D., Khrupky V.I.

2. RU 2473974 C1, G09B 23/06 (2006.01), 01/27/2013. A device for studying the laws of mechanics / Povalyaev O.A., Tsutskikh A.Yu.

Claims (3)

1. A mechanical device, comprising a model of a mechanical system located on a fixed base, consisting of a vertical rack with guides fixed to it and movable elements kinematically connected to each other, characterized in that the movable elements of the mechanical system, presented in the form of a load, a pulley and a movable block are arranged so that the movable block is elastically connected to the base, the pulley is mounted on a vertical stand, and the load is mounted to move along the guides consisting of inclined and horizontal sections, while the horizontal section of the rails is equipped with an emphasis, motion time sensors and a receiving tray. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cargo is made in the form of a body part with two mutually perpendicular cylindrical channels, in one of which a ball is mounted with the ability to move, and the other channel is equipped with a two-stage hole with a threaded plug installed in it and a spring-loaded stop an element designed to contact the ball. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the inclined section of the guides is made with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination with respect to the fixed base.

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