CN103280142B - Experimental apparatus for exploring and demonstrating momentum theorem - Google Patents

Experimental apparatus for exploring and demonstrating momentum theorem Download PDF

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CN103280142B
CN103280142B CN201310247321.7A CN201310247321A CN103280142B CN 103280142 B CN103280142 B CN 103280142B CN 201310247321 A CN201310247321 A CN 201310247321A CN 103280142 B CN103280142 B CN 103280142B
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support
exploring
demonstrating
experimental device
collision
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CN103280142A (en
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陈晓莉
林绍乾
廖伯琴
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Southwest University
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Southwest University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种探究演示动量定理的实验装置,包括底座、支架、碰撞重物、支撑物和冲力测量电路,所述支架固定在底座上,所述碰撞重物挂在支架上并可做来回摆动,所述冲力测量电路用于测量并显示碰撞重物与支撑物发生碰撞时支撑物所受力的大小。本发明结构简单,取材容易,成本低廉,操作简单,效果明显,能帮助学生直观地理解动量定理,丰富了教学内容和教学手段。

The invention discloses an experimental device for exploring and demonstrating the momentum theorem, which includes a base, a bracket, a collision weight, a support and an impulse measurement circuit. The bracket is fixed on the base, and the collision weight is hung on the bracket and can be used as a Swinging back and forth, the impulse measuring circuit is used to measure and display the magnitude of the force on the support when the collision weight collides with the support. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy material acquisition, low cost, simple operation and obvious effect, can help students intuitively understand the momentum theorem, and enriches teaching content and teaching means.

Description

A kind of experimental provision probing into demonstration theorem of momentum
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of educational aid, particularly a kind of experimental provision probing into demonstration theorem of momentum.
Background technology
" theorem of momentum " is very important key content in physics mechanics, it is wider than Newton's laws of motion application, but also do not have manufacturer production to go out to probe into or demonstrate the experimental provision of theorem of momentum at present, in teaching process, teachers are substantially through theory deduction and draw theorem of momentum.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of experimental provision probing into demonstration theorem of momentum.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of experimental provision probing into demonstration theorem of momentum, comprise base, support, collision weight, stilt and impulse force metering circuit, described support is fixed on base, described collision weight to hang on support and can swing back and forth, and described impulse force metering circuit collides for measuring and show the size that when weight and stilt collide, stilt is stressed.
Further, described collision weight is ball or right cylinder or square body.
Further, described collision weight and stilt are coated with dismountable soft layer.
Further, described experimental provision also comprises the index dial be fixed on support, and described index dial departs from the angle of equilibrium position for showing collision weight.
Further, described impulse force metering circuit comprises power supply, metallic resistance, impulse force meter, guide rail and sliding pin, described sliding pin is fixing on a support, above support horizontally slips along smooth guide, above support, power supply, impulse force meter, metallic resistance, sliding pin are sequentially connected in series, and collision weight changes the contact position of sliding pin and metallic resistance with this by the position changing stilt.
Further, described impulse force metering circuit also comprises the spring and metal link stopper that connect successively, and described metal link stopper to be fixed on base and to be connected with power supply, and described spring is connected with sliding pin.
Further, described impulse force metering circuit also comprises switch, and power supply is connected by switch with impulse force meter.
Further, described impulse force metering circuit also comprises current-limiting resistance, and impulse force meter is connected by current-limiting resistance with switch.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Structure of the present invention is simple, and draw materials easily, with low cost, simple to operate, successful, can help student to understand theorem of momentum intuitively, enrich the content of courses and teaching means.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearly, the invention provides following accompanying drawing and being described:
Fig. 1 is experimental provision structural drawing of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
As shown in the figure, a kind of experimental provision probing into demonstration theorem of momentum, comprise base 1, support 2, collision weight 4 stilt and impulse force metering circuit, described support 2 is fixed on base 1, described collision weight 4 hangs on support 2 and also can swing back and forth, and described impulse force metering circuit is for measuring and showing the size that when collision weight 4 collides with stilt, stilt is stressed.
Described collision weight 4 is ball or cylinder or square body, and the dismountable soft layer of one deck can be wrapped up in collision weight surface.
Described impulse force meter also comprises the index dial 5 be fixed on support 2, and described index dial 5 departs from the angle of equilibrium position for showing collision weight 4.
Described impulse force meter comprises power supply 12, metallic resistance 7, impulse force meter 3 and sliding pin 8, described sliding pin 8 is fixed on stilt 6, described power supply 12, impulse force meter 3, metallic resistance 7, sliding pin 8 and guide rail 14 are sequentially connected in series, sliding pin 8 is fixed on stilt 6, stilt 6 surface can be wrapped up the dismountable soft layer of one deck and also can be horizontally slipped on smooth guide, and collision weight 4 passes through to clash into the position changing stilt 6 changes sliding pin 8 and metallic resistance 7 contact position with this.
As the improvement to the present embodiment, described impulse force metering circuit also comprises the spring 9 and metal link stopper 11 that connect successively, and described metal link stopper 11 to be fixed on base 1 and to be connected with power supply 12, and described spring 9 is connected with sliding pin 8.Spring 9 can make the automatic correcting action of stilt.
Described impulse force metering circuit respectively also comprises switch 13, and power supply 12 is connected by switch 13 with impulse force meter 3.
Described impulse force metering circuit also comprises current-limiting resistance 10, and impulse force meter 3 is connected by current-limiting resistance 10 with switch 13.
When stilt 6 is not subject to impulse force, impulse force meter 3 registration is 0; When stilt 6 is subject to impulse force, the size of this impulse force just can be read from impulse force meter 3.Power is larger, and spring 9 decrement is larger, and the resistance value in metallic resistance 7 place in circuit reduces, and the registration of impulse force meter 3 just becomes large.So the size shown by impulse force meter just knows the size that stilt 6 is stressed.During experiment, after collision weight 4 is pulled open equilibrium position, freely discharge, transform gravitational energy is kinetic energy and collides in equilibrium position and stilt 6, the size of impulse force when demonstrating collision by impulse force meter 3.
The use step of this experimental provision:
1). when speed is constant, the relation of impulse force size and mass of object size when probing into collision
Closing Switch 13, makes collision weight 4 fall from sustained height (collision weight is pulled away from the identical angle in equilibrium position), namely ensures that speed is certain.Be inserted in by iron staff in collision thing or extract to change the quality of colliding weight, bumping against, can draw from the reading of impulse force dynamometer with collision weight 4 with stilt 6, when speed is constant, the quality of collision weight is larger, and during interaction, impulse force is larger.
2). during mass conservation, the relation of impulse force size and object speed size when probing into collision
Closing Switch 13, ensures collision weight mass conservation (do not insert iron staff or all insert iron staff), and collision weight is fallen from differing heights (weight being pulled away from the angle that equilibrium position is different), namely changes velocity magnitude during collision.Stilt bumps against with collision weight, and when can draw the mass conservation of object from the reading of impulse force dynamometer, speed is larger, and during interaction, impulse force is larger.
3). when quality, speed are constant, impulse force size and the relation of action time when probing into collision
Closing Switch 13, ensures collision weight mass conservation (do not insert iron staff or all insert iron staff), and collision weight is fallen from phase co-altitude (collision weight is pulled away from the identical angle in equilibrium position), and velocity magnitude when namely ensureing collision is identical.Collide (when first time collides with stilt and collision weight, collision weight or stilt surface superscribe soft layer, when second time is collided, soft layer is not wrapped up in collision weight and stilt surface), can draw from the reading of impulse force meter, when colliding weight package and wrapping soft layer, the interaction time is long, and impulse force is less; When colliding weight and not wrapping up soft layer, the interaction time is short, and impulse force is larger.
When collision weight quality and speed is all constant, illustrate that the initial momentum before its collision is identical, all vanishing of collision rift speed, illustrate that its last momentum is identical, then collision front and back momentum knots modification is identical.When colliding with different surfaces, action time is different, and the size of power is also different, illustrates that the knots modification of momentum is not the size decision of Dan Youli, but by power size and jointly determine action time, namely determined by momentum size.Quantitative relationship between the knots modification of object momentum and suffered momentum size is just showed by theorem of momentum.
The present invention also only can carry out the size of antistress according to the compression degree of the sliding distance of stilt on rough guide rail or spring.
What finally illustrate is, above preferred embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although by above preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, but those skilled in the art are to be understood that, various change can be made to it in the form and details, and not depart from claims of the present invention limited range.

Claims (7)

1.一种探究演示动量定理的实验装置,其特征在于:包括底座、支架、碰撞重物、支撑物和冲力测量电路,所述支架固定在底座上,所述碰撞重物挂在支架上并可做来回摆动,所述冲力测量电路用于测量并显示碰撞重物与支撑物发生碰撞时支撑物所受力的大小;所述冲力测量电路包括电源、金属电阻、冲力测量计、导轨和滑针,所述滑针固定在支撑物上,所述支撑物沿着光滑导轨左右滑动,所述支撑物、电源、冲力测量计、金属电阻、滑针依次串联连接,碰撞重物通过改变支撑物的位置以此改变滑针与金属电阻的接触位置。1. An experimental device for exploring and demonstrating the momentum theorem is characterized in that: it comprises a base, a support, a collision weight, a support and an impulse measurement circuit, the support is fixed on the base, and the collision weight is hung on the support and It can swing back and forth, and the impact measurement circuit is used to measure and display the force on the support when the collision weight collides with the support; the impact measurement circuit includes power supply, metal resistance, impact measurement meter, guide rail and slide Needle, the sliding needle is fixed on the support, and the support slides left and right along the smooth guide rail. The support, power supply, force measuring meter, metal resistance, and sliding needle are connected in series in sequence. In order to change the contact position of the slider and the metal resistor. 2.根据权利要求1所述一种探究演示动量定理的实验装置,其特征在于:所述碰撞重物为圆球或圆柱体或方形体。2. An experimental device for exploring and demonstrating the momentum theorem according to claim 1, characterized in that: the collision weight is a sphere or a cylinder or a square. 3.根据权利要求1所述一种探究演示动量定理的实验装置,其特征在于:所述碰撞重物和支撑物表面包裹有可拆卸的柔软层。3. An experimental device for exploring and demonstrating the momentum theorem according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface of the collision weight and the support is wrapped with a detachable soft layer. 4.根据权利要求1所述一种探究演示动量定理的实验装置,其特征在于:所述实验装置还包括固定在支架上的刻度盘,所述刻度盘用于显示碰撞重物偏离平衡位置的角度。4. A kind of experimental device for exploring and demonstrating the momentum theorem according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the experimental device also includes a dial fixed on the support, and the dial is used to show the deviation of the collision weight from the equilibrium position. angle. 5.根据权利要求1所述一种探究演示动量定理的实验装置,其特征在于:所述冲力测量电路还包括依次连接的弹簧和金属挡块,所述金属挡块固定在底座上并与电源串联连接,所述弹簧与滑针串联连接。5. A kind of experimental device for exploring and demonstrating the momentum theorem according to claim 1, characterized in that: the impulse measurement circuit also includes springs and metal stoppers connected in sequence, and the metal stopper is fixed on the base and connected to the power supply connected in series, the spring is connected in series with the slide pin. 6.根据权利要求5所述一种探究演示动量定理的实验装置,其特征在于:所述冲力测量电路还包括开关,电源与冲力测量计通过开关连接。6. An experimental device for exploring and demonstrating the momentum theorem according to claim 5, characterized in that: the impulse measuring circuit also includes a switch, and the power supply and the impulse measuring meter are connected through the switch. 7.根据权利要求6所述一种探究演示动量定理的实验装置,其特征在于:所述冲力测量电路还包括限流电阻,冲力测量计和开关通过限流电阻连接。7. A kind of experimental device for exploring and demonstrating the momentum theorem according to claim 6, characterized in that: the impulse measuring circuit also includes a current-limiting resistor, and the impulse measuring meter and the switch are connected through the current-limiting resistor.
CN201310247321.7A 2013-06-20 2013-06-20 Experimental apparatus for exploring and demonstrating momentum theorem Expired - Fee Related CN103280142B (en)

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CN103531057A (en) * 2013-11-06 2014-01-22 魏广栋 Physical teaching instrument
CN104036674B (en) * 2014-06-05 2016-09-14 上海应用技术学院 Kinetic collision experimental provision
CN104504965B (en) * 2015-01-05 2018-05-08 台州鼎拓工业设计有限公司 The method of momentum theorem under multifunction dynamic research device and verification inotropic action

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CN203300099U (en) * 2013-06-20 2013-11-20 西南大学 An experimental device for exploring and demonstrating the momentum theorem

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CN2660622Y (en) * 2003-07-24 2004-12-01 兖矿集团有限公司 Non-obstruct collision experimental appts.
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