RU163132U1 - ELECTRIC FILTER - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrostatic precipitator, including a cylindrical body with a swirl, nozzles for gas inlet and outlet, a nozzle for output of dust concentrate, corona and precipitation electrodes, a hopper and a high-voltage power supply, characterized in that the housing is made vertical with a lower conical part, the swirl is made in the form of an even number electrically conductive blade vanes mounted inside the housing in its upper part parallel to the axis and oriented in spiral directions, the blade vanes being the electrode and the corona surfaces are their sharpened ribs facing the central axis of the spiral — the axis of the housing, the inlet nozzles are placed between the blades-plates and cut tangentially into the housing, the electrodes are connected in parallel with the poles of the power supply, coaxially with the housing in its conical part an outlet pipe for dust coupled to the hopper having a lock gate, and an outlet pipe for purified gas is made in the upper part of the housing, the outlet pipe being lowered into the housing to the level of maskers conical portion with a cylindrical body.

Description

The utility model relates to the sanitary cleaning of air from dust and microorganisms, the cleaning of process and ventilation gases and can be used in the energy sector, as well as in other sectors of the economy where dust removal is necessary.

A known installation for cleaning gases from dust (see US patent No. 4072477 M. Cl. B03C 3/01, 1978), comprising a housing, a system of charging electrodes for purified gas, a system of charging electrodes for filter material, a cyclone for separating heavy particles and bag filter for cleaning from small fractions of dust. The separation of dust in the installation is due to the fact that the charged particles of the filtering material and dust, charged unlike, are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces.

The disadvantage of this installation is that the gas stream must be cleaned in a cyclone, where coarse dust is trapped, and then in a bag filter to remove fine dust fractions, while the dust particles coagulated on the particles of the filter material can be separated from the latter due to the insignificant adhesion force .

The inertial electrostatic dust concentrator is also known (AS USSR No. 559726, M. Cl. B03C 3/14, Inertial electrostatic dust concentrator / Yu.A. Dolbnya, M. Ya. Protsaylo. Declared 03/12/1975; Publ. 30.05 .1977, bull. No. 20), comprising a casing with a swirl located in it with dividers, blades and nozzles for the input of the gas to be purified, the outlet of the purified gas and the outlet of the concentrate, and the casing is equipped with additional blades located between the blades of the swirl. The swirler is connected to one of the poles of the high-voltage current source and is the corona electrode, and the casing with the blades is connected to the other and is the precipitation electrode. In addition, additional blades are made in the form of a wedge, and the gap between the top of the wedge and the swirl divider is equal to the interelectrode distance.

The gas being cleaned, passing through the channels between the blades, is twisted, and large dust particles are thrown to the walls of the body due to inertial forces, at the same time all dust particles pass through the channels between the blade electrodes, are charged in the electric field of the corona discharge, and also rush towards the electrostatic force case. Using the described device allows to increase the efficiency of gas purification when working as an upstream stage in front of the electrostatic precipitator, but it requires the installation of an additional blower fan to create the necessary gas flow rate and high labor costs for cleaning the precipitation electrodes.

An inertial electrostatic dust collector is also known (AS USSR No. 1033201, M. Cl. V03C 3/14; V01D 35/06, Inertial electrostatic dust collector / G.E. Melidi, V.M. Gavrilov et al .; Declared. 09.07 .1982, Publish. 07.08.1983, bull. No. 29), which is the prototype of the claimed technical solution, containing a cylindrical straight-through case with a swirl and a cutter made in the form of a screw, connected to the negative pole of the rectifier, grooved sedimentation electrodes and a hopper connected to the positive pole rectifier. Corner ribs are made on the swirl, and the cutter is made in the form of shutters with corona spikes at the ends, the shutter shutters are set obliquely at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the housing, and the ribs on the screw are installed on the front side and with gaps between them.

The dust collector allows for deep cleaning of dusty gas from large and small dust particles, but requires the installation of an additional supercharger to create the necessary air velocity and high labor costs for periodic cleaning of the electrodes from adhering dust.

In addition, the prototype dust collector has low reliability due to the possibility of a short circuit between the corona electrode-swirler and the housing through adhering dust and a complex structure due to the presence of a large number of unified parts.

The objective of this utility model is to simplify the technological scheme, increase the reliability and productivity of flow-type dust precipitators.

The application of the proposed design will improve reliability and performance, simplify the design of electrostatic precipitators in that the electrostatic precipitator contains a vertical cylindrical body, a system of charging electrodes made of blades-plates having a settling smooth and corona-pointed surface connected to the poles of the power supply in turn and located inside the housing in its upper part, parallel to the axis, while the electrodes are oriented in spiral directions and sharpening edges of the blades-plates facing the center of the axis of the spiral serve as surfaces, inlet pipes are placed between the electrode plates and cut tangentially into the body, and coaxially with the latter are located: in the lower funnel-shaped part of the body, an outlet pipe for dust, and in its upper part - an outlet pipe for clean gas. The specified design is new in the claimed combination of features.

The placement of the corona electrodes inside the housing parallel to its axis in spiral directions is unknown in science and technology. The placement of the inlet nozzles between the electrode plates tangentially to the housing is known, for example, in cyclones. The execution of the housing is vertical cylindrical with a funnel-shaped lower part and the location of the outlet nozzles coaxially with the housing is also known, but in this aggregate the listed features exhibit new properties, which include:

a) the addition of the vectors of the flow rate of the gas to be cleaned and the "electric wind" and the continuity of the operation of the electrostatic precipitator (in the absence of the need to clean the electrodes);

b) in ensuring the absence of disruption of settled dust particles from the surface of the electrodes, since the outlets of clean air and dust from the filter structure are on opposite sides.

The claimed technical solution has properties that are not equal to the sum of the known properties:

a) dust particles are charged in each interelectrode gap with a charge of their sign (corresponding to the sign of the flow of charged particles in the corona discharge and its corona electrode), and then falling into the annular flow inside the housing, they stick together, increasing inertial forces and dust separation efficiency;

b) the electric wind forces are directed in accordance with the forces of the gas flow, which increases the flow rate and the efficiency of dust separation;

c) dust particles after adhesion lose their electric charge (particles that are attracted to each other are charged opposite to adhesion) and do not stick to the walls of the casing, which ensures continuous operation and increased productivity;

d) the simplification of the technological scheme is achieved by eliminating an additional supercharger from it, since the electrostatic precipitator itself provides the necessary pressure to move air through its structure due to the “electric wind”;

e) increasing the reliability of the electrostatic precipitator is achieved by eliminating the possibility of a short circuit of the corona electrodes to the housing through adhering dust - the dust is automatically removed from the corona discharge zone to the hopper by gravity and when the electrostatic precipitator is disconnected from the power supply, dust is not deposited on the housing;

e) simplification of the design of direct-flow electrostatic precipitators is achieved by the fact that the blade-plates are unified and have a simple shape, and the cylindrical body is smooth inside and has no technological features;

g) the main feature of the claimed design is the use of the addition of the forces of electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged dust particles to each other, the forces of gravity acting on agglomerated particles with a neutral charge (the speed of their movement should be much greater than that of the particles before sticking together, and therefore the deposition rate, respectively, is greater), and centrifugal forces that discard heavy agglomerated particles to the walls of the body in a swirling gas stream (cyclone-dust separator effect), as well as neutralization the charge of particles after agglomeration, which ensures free subsidence of dust into the hopper without sticking it to the working bodies of the device.

In FIG. 1 shows an electrostatic precipitator - a section in a vertical plane, in FIG. 2 electrostatic precipitator - a cut in the horizontal plane.

The electrostatic precipitator includes a housing 1 made vertically with a lower conical part, a swirler made in the form of an even number of electrically conductive blade vanes 2 having a smooth precipitating surface 3 and a corona-shaped pointed surface 4 installed inside the housing in its upper part parallel to the axis and oriented in spiral directions, blade blades are electrodes - the ground surfaces are the sharpened edges of the plates facing the central axis of the spiral - the axis of the body, inlet pipes 5 placed between the plates of the electrodes and cut tangentially into the housing, the outlet pipe for dust 6 is made in the form of a cone facing downward and attached to the bottom of the housing, the terminals of the electrodes 7 are connected to the power source 8 via wires 9, and the wires are connected to the power source in pairs -parallel. The pipe for the exit of clean air 10 is located coaxially with the housing adjacent to its upper part, and is lowered into the housing to the level of conjugation of the conical part of the housing with a cylindrical one. The dust is removed from the device from the hopper 11 through the lock gate 12.

The electrostatic precipitator works as follows. The power supply 8 is turned on, and high voltage is applied to the electrodes 2 through wires 9, and corona discharges occur in the gaps between the corona surfaces 4 and precipitation 3, which give rise to an “electric wind”. Due to the fact that the plates are arranged in spiral directions, the flows of charged air between different discharge gaps are displaced closer to the central axis of the cylinder - housing 1, fold and form an annular air flow. Then, through the inlet pipes 5, dusty air is supplied to the discharge gaps, while the dust particles are charged in each gap with their sign (“+” or “-”), and then falling into the annular flow, they stick together, form larger particles and settle to the lower part the cylinder, the outlet pipe 6 and the hopper 11, from where they are discharged through the lock gate 12, clean air enters the pipe 10, which is lowered into the housing to the level of coupling of the conical part of the housing with the cylindrical.

The use of the proposed electrostatic precipitator will allow: to increase productivity by reducing aerodynamic drag, when the “electric wind” is added to the pressure of the supercharger (when using it), and due to the fact that cycling is eliminated, since there is no need to clean the filter material, the role of which is the dust itself; to simplify the technological scheme by eliminating a special supercharger from the scheme; to increase the reliability of the electrostatic precipitator by eliminating the possibility of electrical short circuit of the discharge gap.

Claims (1)

An electrostatic precipitator, including a cylindrical body with a swirl, nozzles for gas inlet and outlet, a nozzle for output of dust concentrate, corona and precipitation electrodes, a hopper and a high-voltage power supply, characterized in that the housing is made vertical with a lower conical part, the swirl is made in the form of an even number electrically conductive blade vanes installed inside the housing in its upper part parallel to the axis and oriented in spiral directions, the blade vanes being the electrode and the corona surfaces are their sharpened ribs facing the central axis of the spiral — the axis of the housing, the inlet nozzles are placed between the blades-plates and cut tangentially into the housing, the electrodes are connected in parallel with the poles of the power supply, coaxially with the housing in its conical part an outlet pipe for dust coupled to the hopper having a lock gate, and an outlet pipe for purified gas is made in the upper part of the housing, the outlet pipe being lowered into the housing to the level of maskers conical portion with a cylindrical body.

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