RU162074U1 - ELECTROMAGNETIC HIGH VOLTAGE CONTACTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

High voltage direct current electromagnetic contactor assembled in a housing and containing two contact parts with fixed and movable contacts, two permanent magnets located near each of the contact parts and designed to create a constant magnetic arc suppression field, and two coils located near each of the contact parts and designed to create an electromagnetic arc suppression field for retracting the arcs that occur when the contact parts are opened, at least one arcing to amer, while the movable contacts of the contact parts are placed on the contact bridge, the permanent magnets belonging to the two contact parts are polarized in opposite directions, an arc guide isolated from the fixed contacts is placed near each contact part, and the corresponding coil is electrically connected to the corresponding fixed contact and the corresponding guide for the arc, characterized in that it is equipped with a second arcing chamber located symmetrically with the first above the second guide d for an arc with a gap between the chambers, and a third guide, located vertically in the gap between the guides and between the chambers, and made in the form of a U-shaped plate, reaching the upper part to half the height of the chambers, while the contactor housing is collapsible.

Description

The invention relates to electric switches, in particular, to their structural elements, namely, devices for extinguishing or preventing the formation of an arc between current-carrying elements using a magnet blowing the arc, and can be used, for example, in railway networks to disconnect loads and open electrical circuits with high currents or high voltages.

Various methods of extinguishing an arc are known depending on the field of application: a contactor operating on a direct current of a constant direction usually has constant magnetic arc suppression fields that are placed so that the magnetic field is directed perpendicular to the arc. The extinguishing fields act on the arc by the Lorentz force, which moves the arc in the direction of the arcing chamber.

When working on bidirectional direct current, for example, in the case of electricity being returned to the network during tram traffic or in in-circuit emulators, when using several alternately active pantographs, and also when working on alternating current, constant magnetic fields cannot be used, since the direction of the current in the arcs changes. In this regard, in such cases, usually use the so-called arcing coils, creating an electromagnetic arcing field, the direction of which is determined by the direction of the current. As a result, in each case, a correctly oriented force acts on the arc, regardless of the direction of the current.

However, the use of coils has several disadvantages. As a result of the constant flow of large currents through the coil, as is usually the case in railway transport, strong heating occurs. Therefore, they try to delay the excitation of the coil until disconnected. Nevertheless, the coil creates an electromagnetic arc suppression field with a time delay (exponential dependence), as a result of which the arc burning time in the contact zone of the contactor is further increased.

On the other hand, at low currents, the coil creates a weak arc field. As a result, it may turn out that this arc suppression field will not be enough for drawing the arc into the arc chamber and extinguishing the arc (range of critical currents). A single-circuit breaker is known in which a permanent magnet is used together with an inductor to create an arcing field (see patent DE 29823717 according to CL N01H 9/44, 9/46, 73/18, c. 13..08.98, op. 14.10 .1999)

The known switch comprises a fixed contact connected to the first supply wire and a movable contact connected to the second supply wire through the bus. Near the contact - parts are placed a permanent magnet and an arcing coil, which is connected to the same supply wire as the movable contact. When opened, the movable contact moves to the catching pad, which is electrically connected to the coil. The arc arising during opening is drawn in by the arc suppression field created by the permanent magnet in the direction of the catching pad and “jumps” onto it. Since the capture pad is electrically connected to the coil, the coil is energized. Then it creates an electromagnetic arc suppression field, through which the arc is drawn into the arc chamber.

The disadvantage of this switch is the need for a movable contact to communicate with the supply wire through a flexible bus, as well as a long stroke for disconnecting the movable contact. In addition, the catch block has a complex geometry and must surround the movable contact from at least two opposite sides. Closest to the technical nature of the claimed is the contactor described in p. RF No. 2417475 class. H01H 9/44, z. July 26, 2007, op. 02/10/2009

The known contactor (1) operates on direct and alternating current and contains two contacts - parts (2, 3) with a fixed contact (4, 5), movable contacts (6, 7) of which are placed on the contact bridge (8), at least one permanent magnet (13, 14), located near each contact - part (2, 3) and designed to create a permanent magnetic arc field, and at least one coil (17, 18), located near the contact - part (2, 3 ) and designed to create an electromagnetic arc suppression field for retracting the arc (15, 16) arising from opening contact - parts (2, 3), at least one quenching chamber (24). moreover, permanent magnets (13, 14) related to two contacts - parts (2, 3) are polarized in opposite directions.

At the same time, near each contact - part (2, 3) there is a guide (9, 10) for the arc, isolated from the fixed contacts (4, 5), and the corresponding coil (17, 18) is electrically connected with the corresponding fixed contact (4, 5 ) and the corresponding guide (9, 10) for the arc.

In addition, near the contact parts (2, 3) are placed pole plates (20, 21) related to permanent magnets (13, 14).

In this case, the pole plates (22, 23), located near the guides (9, 10) for the arc, are associated with coils (17, 18).

In addition, near the guides (9, 10) for the arc, there is only one arcing chamber.

In this case, from the drawings to the description, the following is visible:

- the plates on which the fixed contacts 4, 5 are placed have an elongated rectangular shape, like the bridge 8 with the movable contacts 6 and 7;

- fixed contact - parts (4, 5) and movable contact - parts (6, 7) have a rectilinear contact surface.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are due to its design and are as follows.

The performance of the contactor with one arcing chamber significantly worsens the conditions for extinguishing the arcing of two contacts - parts of the arcs (since both arcs are quenched by one arcing chamber), which reduces the efficiency of the arcing.

The presence of only two guides for the contact - parts of arcs formed during opening does not provide absorption of the thermal energy of the arc and does not make it possible to weaken it in order to facilitate arcing, thereby reducing the efficiency of the device. Although the description refers to the formation of a guide channel 19 between the main guides, it is actually very short (only between the short sides of the guides 9, 10) and its presence does not significantly affect the efficiency of the extinguishing. In addition, this design enhances the possibility of erosion of the contacts, which reduces their service life and thereby reducing the reliability of the device.

Thus, the main disadvantage of the known contactor is the insufficient efficiency of the suppression and the low reliability of the device as a whole.

The objective is to increase the efficiency of suppression while increasing reliability.

The problem is solved in that a contactor operating in direct current assembled in the housing and containing two contact parts with fixed and movable contacts, two permanent magnets placed near each of the contact parts and designed to create a constant magnetic arc suppression field, and two coils located near each of the contact parts and designed to create an electromagnetic arc suppression field for retracting the arcs that occur when contact parts are opened, at least one arrester a chamber, while the movable contacts of the contact parts are placed on the contact bridge, the permanent magnets associated with the two contact parts are polarized in opposite directions, an arc guide isolated from the fixed contacts is placed near each contact part, and the corresponding coil is electrically connected with the corresponding fixed contact and the corresponding guide for the arc, ACCORDING TO THE USEFUL MODEL, equipped with a second arcing chamber located symmetrically with the first above the second direction for an arc with an interval between the chambers, and a third guide located vertically in the gap between the guides and between the chambers, and made in the form of a U-shaped plate, reaching the upper part to half the height of the chambers, while the contactor housing is collapsible.

The introduction of a second arcing chamber into the contactor improves the conditions for extinguishing the arc, while the presence of an additional, vertically located between two guides and between two chambers, U-shaped guide, extending in height to the middle of the chambers, absorbs part of the thermal energy of the arc, weakening it and making it easier thereby extinguishing, providing good contact during operation and also affecting the efficiency of the extinguishing and making fixed contacts in the form of separate platforms providing and performing replacement collapsible housing increases the reliability of the contactor.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of extinguishing and increasing reliability by increasing the wear resistance of parts and making it possible to repair the contactor.

The inventive contactor has a novelty in comparison with the prototype, differing from it by such significant features as the introduction of a second arcing chamber located symmetrically with the first above the second guide for the arc with an interval between the cameras, the presence of a third guide located vertically between the guides and between cameras, and made in the form of a U-shaped plate, reaching the upper part to about half the height of the chambers, and the execution of the contactor housing collapsible, providing in okupnosti achieve the desired result.

The inventive utility model can be widely used in railway networks for disconnecting loads and opening electrical circuits with high currents or high voltages, and therefore meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, which are presented on:

- FIG. 1. - General view of the contactor in front with the housing removed;

- FIG. 2 is a view of a contactor in a housing.

The contactor (Fig. 1, 2) operates on direct current. It is assembled in the housing 1 and contains two contact parts 2, 3 with fixed contacts 4 and 5 and movable contacts 6 and 7. Near each of the contact parts 2 and 3 there are two permanent magnets 8, 9, designed to create a permanent magnetic suppressor field, and two coils 10 and 11, which serve to create an electromagnetic arc suppression field for drawing arcs. To retract the arcs that occur when the contact parts 2 and 3 are opened, two arcing chambers 12 and 13 are located symmetrically relative to each other with a gap 14 between them. Moreover, near each contact part 2 and 3 there is a guide 15 and 16 for the arc, isolated from the fixed contacts 4 and 5. In the gap 14 between the guides 15 and 16 and between the chambers 12 and 13, the third guide 17 is made vertically, made in the form of P -shaped plate, reaching the upper part to half the height of the chambers 12 and 13. The corresponding coils 10 and 11 are electrically connected with the corresponding fixed contacts 4 and 5 and the corresponding guide 15 and 16 for the arc. The movable contacts 6 and 7 of the contact parts 2 and 3 are located on the contact bridge 18. The fixed contacts 4 and 5 are located on the plates 19 and 20, which are made stepwise with an inclined transition from top to bottom from the area of the permanent magnets 8, 9 relative to their level in the zone coils 10, 11. Permanent magnets 8 and 9, related to the two contact parts 2 and 3, are polarized in opposite directions. The housing 1 of the contactor is made collapsible.

The contactor operates as follows.

When the contactor is turned on, the electromagnetic drive (not shown in the drawings) raises the contact bridge 18 until the contact parts 2 and 3 are closed (the fixed contacts 4 and 5 are in contact with the movable contacts 6 and 7.)

When the contactor is turned off, a return spring (not shown in the drawings) of the electromagnetic drive moves the contact bridge 18 down. In this case, two electric arcs 21, 22 are formed on the silver contacts 4-7, which, under the influence of the Lorentz force arising from the permanent magnets 8, 9, begin to move in one direction (depending on the direction of electric current flow). Arcs 21 and 22 are stretched, and one of them jumps onto the guide 15 or 16, as a result of which an electric current begins to flow through the corresponding coil 10 or 11 and the coil 10 or 11 forms an electromagnetic field that draws the arc into the chamber 12 or 13, equipped with ceramic diffusers 23 24. Continuing the movement, the arc 21 (22) falls on the guide 17 and 16 or 15, as a result of which an electric current begins to flow in the second coil (10 or 11) and an electromagnetic field appears, pulling the arc into the second chamber 13 or 12. Guide 17 div it divides the arc (21 or 22) into two parts and absorbs part of the arc energy in the form of heat. The electric arcs 21, 22 under the action of the Lorentz force in both chambers 12, 13 move along the guides 15 and 16 to the ceramic diffusers 23, 24, where they give them the rest of the energy in the form of heat and break, thereby breaking the circuit.

The execution of the housing 1 collapsible makes it possible to replace failed parts during operation, which increases the service life of the contactor, which is very important when importing the specified device.

In comparison with the prototype of the inventive contactor is more efficient in extinguishing and more reliable in operation.

Claims (1)

High voltage direct current electromagnetic contactor assembled in a housing and containing two contact parts with fixed and movable contacts, two permanent magnets located near each of the contact parts and designed to create a constant magnetic arc suppression field, and two coils located near each of the contact parts and designed to create an electromagnetic arc suppression field for retracting the arcs that occur when the contact parts are opened, at least one arcing to amer, while the movable contacts of the contact parts are placed on the contact bridge, the permanent magnets belonging to the two contact parts are polarized in opposite directions, an arc guide isolated from the fixed contacts is placed near each contact part, and the corresponding coil is electrically connected to the corresponding fixed contact and the corresponding guide for the arc, characterized in that it is equipped with a second arcing chamber located symmetrically with the first above the second guide d for an arc with a gap between the chambers, and a third guide, located vertically in the gap between the guides and between the chambers, and made in the form of a U-shaped plate, reaching the upper part to half the height of the chambers, while the contactor housing is collapsible.

Images