RU161348U1 - WORKING BODY OF THE Bulldozer - Google Patents

Abstract

The working body of the bulldozer, including a bucket with a knife system, equipped with a rotary damper pivotally mounted in front of the blade, having the shape of the frontal surface of the blade, and hydraulic control cylinders of the damper, characterized in that in the upper part of the bucket a visor is rigidly fixed, and the damper in the closed position together with the knife the system and the visor make up the dump surface, while the width of the damper is equal to the width of the bucket along the inner surfaces of the side walls, and the bottom of the bucket has a shape that repeats the outline of the path Orientation angles for the bottom of the shutter.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of earthmoving equipment and is intended to perform preparatory, earthmoving and planning works.

Known hemispherical blade earth moving machinery (patent No. 1472578, IPC class E02F 3/76, 04/15/1989 Bull. No. 14). A hemispherical blade of a digging machine includes a central part and side sections (BS) rigidly connected to it with curved working surfaces and knives fixed to sections with a common cutting edge. The generators of the working surfaces of the BS are inclined, and the radii of curvature (RC) of the side sections and the central section are of different sizes. Due to the decreasing RC along the length of the section, compacted soil chips are formed along the edges of the blade, which prevents the prism from spilling into the side rollers.

However, this working body has the following disadvantages:

- low planning characteristics of the working body;

- difficult to introduce into the ground when working in strong soils;

- when transporting the prism of the drawing soil loss to the side rollers are not completely excluded;

- when transporting the developed soil requires a large traction force of the base machine due to the resistance to the movement of the prism of the drawing along the soil base.

A technical solution is also known (patent No. 32795, IPC class 7 E02F 3/76 of 09/27/2003 Bull. No. 27). To increase the volume of transported soil and reduce energy costs for its movement, part of the drawing prism is filled into the bucket. This working body of the bulldozer includes a main blade with a cutting knife and, additionally connected to the upper part of the main blade pivotally with a bucket, that is, with side walls and a bottom with a cutting knife, and control rods pivotally connected to the additional blade with the other end pivotally mounted on the main blade.

The following working body of the bulldozer works as follows. Before starting work with the main blade, the additional blade with a bucket is previously rotated upwards with the help of hydraulic cylinders. After a set of soil prisms by the main blade, the additional blade is lowered. In this case, the cutting part of the bottom of the additional blade moves the accumulated soil prism to the main blade, and the soil moves to the bottom. Then the knife of the main blade is deepened, and the knife of the additional blade is deepened, and further cutting of the soil is carried out with the knife of the additional blade.

The disadvantages of the specified working body of the bulldozer are:

- high metal consumption of the structure, since this structural scheme requires two dump surfaces, each of which is equipped with knife systems;

- it is difficult to control the working body, since for the timely lowering of the additional blade, it is necessary to control the volume of the prism of the drawing in front of the main blade. With insufficient volume of the drawing prism, the soil does not fill the entire volume of the bucket, and when the drawing prism exceeds the capacity of the bucket, the soil is compressed by the bucket closable surfaces, as a result of which there are large efforts to lower the additional blade. Moreover, management is carried out with a limited review;

- during continuous operation of the bulldozer, there is an uncut section of soil, since when lowering the additional blade with a bucket, the knife of the main blade is deepened and the knife of the additional blade is deepened, as a result of which the uncut section remains between them

soil. To remove the remaining soil, it is necessary to stop the machine, reverse and install the knife of the additional blade in the place where the knife of the main blade was deepened.

The closest technical solution is (patent KG No. 1140, IPC class E02F 3/76 dated 03/31/2009). This working body includes a blade and a bucket located behind the blade, with a cutting knife located on the lower part of the bucket, and the upper part of the bucket pivotally connected to the upper part of the blade and equipped with a mechanism for turning the blade around the hinge axis, which is supplemented with a mechanism for fixing the angle of rotation of the blade.

The working body, selected as a prototype, works as follows. In bulldozer mode, the blade completely covers the front of the bucket. The bulldozer performs work to clear the rubble. When operating in loader mode, the blade rotates clockwise around the articulation of its upper part to the upper part of the bucket. Due to this, the front part of the bucket opens completely and the blade occupies a position on the upper part of the bucket, fitting tightly to it, and is fixed in this position by means of a locking mechanism. The working body in the form of a bucket is ready to perform work on the collection, transportation and unloading of soil.

The disadvantage of the working body, selected as a prototype, is the low efficiency of the design for bulldozer work (cutting and moving soil, as well as planning works) in a configuration with an open damper:

- in the upper part of the bucket there is no visor that deflects the flow of soil, rising upward during the cutting process, forward in the direction of movement of the machine, thus forming a prism of drawing in front of the bucket and preventing soil from pouring over the working body in the absence of a dump surface in front of the bucket. Deflection Angle

soil surface flow is known in the technical literature as the tipping angle (Road machines. Part 1. Machines for earthworks: a textbook / TV Alekseeva [et al.]. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1972. - 504 s);

- the design does not allow for the forced unloading of the bucket and the regulation of its capacity, which is in demand when performing planning work, namely when filling low places with material stored in the bucket while leveling with a knife system. In this case, it is important to unload the bucket without deviating the knife system from the set position;

- the transfer of working equipment from the bulldozer mode to the loader mode when the drawing prism is dialed is extremely difficult, since the transfer is carried out by turning the shutter forward in the direction of movement of the machine, while the drawing prism exerts significant pressure on the front surface of the blade, and when the blade is tilted to the back of the bucket soil inevitably spills back through the bucket, falling asleep fastening elements of the working body.

The purpose of the development of the proposed utility model is to improve the operational characteristics of the machine, by eliminating the disadvantages of the prototype.

This technical result is achieved in that the working body of the bulldozer, including a bucket with a knife system, equipped with a pivotally mounted rotary damper in the front part having the shape of the frontal surface of the blade, and hydraulic shutter control cylinders, differs in that a visor is rigidly fixed to the upper part of the bucket, the shutter in the closed position together with the knife system and the visor make up the dump surface, while the width of the shutter is equal to the width of the bucket along the inner surfaces of the side walls, and the bottom the bucket has the form of repeating the trajectory of rotation of the lower part of the flap.

The proposed design allows you to work with a closed shutter like a bulldozer equipment with a direct fixed dump, to collect soil in the bucket and at the same time to form a prism of drawing in front of the working body when working with an open shutter.

The utility model is illustrated by the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which figure 1 shows the proposed working body of the bulldozer (a. Side view; b. Rear view; c. Top view), figure 2 - the process of forming a prism of the soil (a. Work with a closed flap ; b. The process of filling the bucket with soil; c. Work with the open damper), in figure 3 - the process of unloading the prism of the soil (a. The beginning of the unloading process; b. The unloading of soil from the bucket; c. The end of the unloading process).

The proposed working body of the bulldozer includes an open top bucket, consisting of side walls 1 and a curved bottom 2, having a knife system 3, a visor 4 and brackets 5, encircling the bucket to give it greater strength, to which control cylinders, struts and pushing bars are attached machines (Fig. 1).

A rotary damper 6 is pivotally mounted inside the bucket, having the shape of a part of the frontal surface of the blade, which is fastened with hinges 7 to the side walls 1. Moreover, the shutter 6 in the closed position together with the knife system 3 and the canopy 4 form a dump surface, and in the raised position, the shutter 6 overlaps the open top of the bucket. The width of the shutter 6 is equal to the width of the bucket on the inner surfaces of the side walls 1, and the bottom 2 of the bucket has a shape that repeats the outline of the trajectory of the lower part of the rotating shutter 6.

The damper 6 has control cylinders 8, one end of which is pivotally mounted in the upper part of the bucket 1, and the other end is pivotally mounted on the lower part of the damper 6.

The proposed design works as follows. When developing strong soils, without the need to form a large prism of soil movement, as well as when planning the terrain, the working process can be carried out with the shutter 6 closed (Fig. 2a).

To cut off soil chips and a set of drawing prisms, the working body is lowered, deepening the knife system 3 of the bucket. At the same time, the workflow is no different from the work of a bulldozer with the usual direct fixed dump blade. When the shutter 6 is closed, the prism of the developed soil is formed only in front of the dump surface made up by the knife system 3, the shutter 6 and the visor 4, the bucket is not filled with soil.

If necessary, transport a large amount of soil, work is performed with the open damper 6 (Fig. 2b). The shutter 6 is rotated using control hydraulic cylinders 8. To reduce the metal consumption of the structure and improve the visibility of the shutter 6, the bucket can be made with an open top, which is blocked by a shutter 6 installed in the open position, acting as a cover and preventing the cut soil from pouring through the open top bucket.

The formation of a soil prism is as follows. During the movement of the bulldozer, the knife system 3 of the bucket is deepened, cutting off the soil chips and, since the shutter 6 is open, the soil moves into the bucket and fills its volume. Simultaneously with filling the bucket, a prism of soil drawing in front of the working body is formed, and then all the soil is transported to the allotted area (Fig. 2c). At the same time, the process of filling the bucket and the formation of the drawing prism occurs continuously without stopping the base machine. The reduction of resistance forces during soil transportation occurs due to the movement of part of the soil in the bucket without friction on the soil base. The movement of soil in the bucket occurs without loss of soil in the side rollers, which increases

productivity and transportation range. The presence of a visor in the upper part of the bucket contributes to the formation of a drawing prism.

When unloading, the machine stops and continues further reverse movement (Fig. 3a), while the shutter 6 closes and pushes the remainder of the soil volume from the bucket (Fig. 3b). The width of the shutter 6, equal to the width of the bucket along the inner surfaces of the side walls 1, as well as the shape of the bottom 2 of the bucket, repeating the outline of the trajectory of the lower part of the rotary shutter 6, contributes to the forced cleaning of the bucket. On this, the process of unloading the soil prism is completed (Fig. 3c).

When planning works, smoothing of irregularities takes place, that is, cutting of protrusions and adding low places, which requires a sufficient amount of drawing prism, which is provided by a set of additional soil in the bucket of the working body of the bulldozer and, if necessary, is unloaded using the shutter 6 and control cylinders 8.

Claims (1)

The working body of the bulldozer, including a bucket with a knife system, equipped with a rotary damper pivotally mounted in front of the blade, having the shape of the frontal surface of the blade, and hydraulic control cylinders of the damper, characterized in that in the upper part of the bucket a visor is rigidly fixed, and the damper in the closed position together with the knife the system and the visor make up the dump surface, while the width of the damper is equal to the width of the bucket along the inner surfaces of the side walls, and the bottom of the bucket has a shape that repeats the outline of the path Orientation angles for the bottom of the shutter.

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