RU160648U1 - UNIVERSAL BEARING ARCHITECTURAL-BASIC WALL PANEL - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel containing a frame in the form of two steel frames rigidly interconnected, between which, along their perimeter, there is a heat-insulating gasket, outer and inner cladding made of wood material, as well as thermal insulation located between the outer and inner lining and made in the form of cellulose insulation, inside which there is a steel mesh, while the frames are made of bent channels and equipped with fasteners. 2. The universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel according to claim 1, in which each frame contains upper and lower longitudinal elements, rack elements, as well as horizontal and vertical jumpers interconnected by welding. 3. The universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel according to claim 1, which contains fasteners designed for rigid conjugation of two frames with each other and made in the form of plates with holes for bolted connections welded to vertical and horizontal jumpers on the inside of the frame. . A universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel according to claim 1, in which holes for bolting are made along the perimeter of the frames. 5. The universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel according to claim 1, which contains fastening elements for fastening the panels to each other, with the lower binding of the base of the screw foundation and the upper binding of the panels around the perimeter of the building and made in the form of a frame welded around the perimeter from the outside or plates with holes - for fastening with self-tapping screws or screws

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, in particular, to the enclosing structures of buildings and structures, namely to wall panels that have a supporting frame and can be used in the construction of multi-storey buildings without the presence of the main supporting reinforced concrete, metal or wooden frame, as well as during the construction of superstructures and reconstruction of buildings.

Currently, various wall panel designs are known. For example, an outer wall panel formed of a metal sheet is known, comprising a portion of the inner surface and a downwardly directed upper flange and lower flange formed at the edges of the upper and lower walls and filled with thermal insulation composed of mineral or glass wool. The upper and lower walls are provided with thermal perforation, and the outer surface of the thermal insulation is in the region of the plane passing through the upper flange parallel to the said portion of the inner surface. In this case, the lower flange protrudes from this plane by the distance of the air gap. The panel is fixed to the frame of the overall wall structure. The outer wall panels are arranged one on top of the other so that the downwardly directed lower wall of the upper outer wall panel is at least partially supported by the outwardly directed upper wall of the lower outer wall panel, as well as the outer cladding sheets mounted on the outer wall panels (see Patent No. 2298619, published May 10, 2007).

The disadvantages of this wall panel are the following:

- the wall panel is not supporting, because requires the main frame of the building from metal or reinforced concrete beams for attaching panels, which is built directly at the construction site;

- mineral wool used as thermal insulation is not hygienic, because dust of mineral fibers, getting into the lungs and lingering there, can cause various respiratory diseases;

- over time, mineral and glass wool shrink, a combination of mineral or glass wool and a metal sheet leads to the formation of condensate and harmful microflora;

- the use of a metal sheet as a lining can lead to an increase in the level of a magnetic field harmful to humans.

The technical result, which is achieved by the claimed utility model, is to increase fire resistance, thermal insulation and environmental friendliness, reduce the material, energy and labor intensity of the manufacture and installation of panels and the buildings themselves, by reducing the number of technological operations associated with wet processes, machines and mechanisms reducing the time of design and construction.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel (hereinafter referred to as the ABS panel) contains a frame in the form of two steel frames rigidly interconnected, between which, along their perimeter, a heat-insulating gasket, outer and inner cladding, made made of wood material, as well as thermal insulation, located between the outer and inner cladding and made in the form of cellulose insulation, inside which is a steel mesh, while the frames are made of g utyh U-sections and are provided with fastening elements.

Each frame contains upper and lower longitudinal elements, rack elements, as well as horizontal and vertical jumpers, interconnected by welding.

The fastening elements intended for rigid conjugation of the two frames to each other are made in the form of plates welded to the vertical and horizontal jumpers on the inside of the frame with the same pitch with holes for bolting.

Along the perimeter of the frames there are holes for bolted connections, designed for rigid conjugation of two frames with each other, as well as connecting frames with a heat-insulating gasket.

The fastening elements intended for fastening the panels to each other, with the lower binding of the base of the screw foundation and the upper binding of the ABS panels around the perimeter of the building, are made in the form of welded along the perimeter of the frame from its outer side or plates with holes for fastening with self-tapping screws or welding, or corners with holes - for fastening panels with a bolted connection.

The outer and inner cladding can be made of plywood, wood-fiber (fiberboard) or oriented chipboard (OSB).

A heat-insulating gasket placed between the frames along their perimeter can be made of felt, plywood, wood-fiber (fiberboard) or oriented chipboard (OSB).

The inventive utility model is illustrated by drawings, where:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an ABS panel;

FIG. 2 (a-d) - versions of the frames of the ABS panel;

FIG. 3 - fastening the ABS panels to each other, with the lower binding of the base of the screw foundation and the upper binding of the ABS panels along the perimeter of the building using plates with holes (side view);

FIG. 4 - fastening the ABS panels to each other, with the lower binding of the base of the screw foundation and the upper binding of the ABS panels along the perimeter of the building using corners with holes (a - top view, b - in perspective view).

FIG. 5 - a fragment of the frame with holes along its perimeter and fastening elements on the vertical and horizontal jumpers intended for fastening the frames to each other.

The fastening elements in FIG. 3, 4 are depicted on a larger scale in comparison with other elements of the drawing.

ABS panel 1 contains a frame in the form of two steel frames rigidly interconnected. Each frame contains the upper 2 and lower 3 longitudinal elements welded together, rack elements 4, as well as horizontal 5 and vertical 6 jumpers made of bent channels, made mainly of steel according to 09G2S-GOST 19281-89 (Fig. 1, 2).

Due to the characteristics of a flexible channel made of steel according to 09G2S-GOST 19281-89, ABS panels serve as load-bearing (frame) wall panels, because able to withstand large static and dynamic loads, applicable for multi-story construction, without the use of the main and additional building frames. Steel frames, in the places where ABS panels are interconnected, form a powerful steel column that carries the main vertical-axial and wind load of the building.

To prevent corrosion, the channels are coated with a two-time primer made of iron or lead minium based on natural drying oil, or galvanized.

Each frame is equipped with fasteners welded around its perimeter (upper 2, lower 3 longitudinal elements and rack elements 4) from the outside of the frame (Fig. 3, 4), as well as to horizontal 5 and 6 vertical jumpers on the inside of the frame (Fig. . 5).

The fasteners welded to the horizontal 5 and vertical 6 jumpers on the inside of the frame are designed for hard pairing of two steel frames with each other and are plates 7 (in the amount of, for example, 5 pcs) with holes for bolting, for example, M8 × 80 mm (Fig. 5). Along the perimeter of the frames, holes 8 are made with the same pitch, with a size of, for example, Ф16 and in an amount of, for example, 16 pcs., For fixing two frames to each other by means of a bolted connection, for example, М8 × 40 mm (Fig. 5).

Fasteners welded with the same pitch along the perimeter of the frames - to the upper 2, lower 3 longitudinal elements and rack elements 4, to their outer side - are intended for fastening the ABS panels 1 to each other, with the lower binding of the base of the screw foundation and the upper binding of ABS panels along the perimeter of the building. These fasteners can be made in the form of either plates 9 with holes for fastening the ABS panels 1 with self-tapping screws or welding (Fig. 3), or corners 10 with holes for fastening the ABS panels 1 using bolt connection 11 (Fig. 4a, b).

Between the steel frames of each ABS panel 1, along their perimeter there is a heat-insulating gasket 12, which can be made of plywood, felt, wood-fiber, or oriented chipboard. The width of the heat-insulating strip 12 is mainly 60-70 mm, the thickness is 4-12 mm.

The presence of thermal insulation strip 12 prevents the formation of "cold bridges", which increases the degree of thermal insulation of the room. The frames are connected to the heat-insulating gasket 12 by means of bolted connections using holes 8.

On both sides, the frame of the ABS panel 1 is lined with the outer 13 and inner 14 cladding made of wood material, for example, plywood, wood-fiber, or oriented chipboard, which allows the ABS panel to “breathe”, creates optimal heat and moisture characteristics for life person. Condensation is prevented by wood sheathing. Sheaths 13, 14 are attached to the frames along the perimeter of the frames and along the vertical and horizontal lintels with M4 × 16 mm screws with a pitch of 150-200 mm.

Between the outer 13 and inner 14 claddings there is an internal thermal insulation 15 made of cellulose insulation (ecowool with a density of 70 kg / m3).

Cellulose filler (ecowool) is an environmentally friendly material that does not shrink, and is fireproof thanks to its flame retardants. Ecowool does not ignite or melt, but smolders slowly. As a result of smoldering, a soot layer forms on the surface of the damaged area, which prevents the penetration of oxygen and the spread of fire, without a source of open fire, self-extinguishing occurs. As a result of burning ecowool, a minimum amount of combustible and smoky substances is released. No toxic substances are released. The main products of ecowool burning - carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide - are similar to wood combustion products. Ecowool does not support the fire and actively prevents its spread: water, enclosed in cellulose fibers and salts of boric acid, when released, extinguishes the ecowool and the surrounding structure. Thus, ecowool is able to withstand fire for quite some time. The properties of cellulose insulation contribute to increased fire safety and fire resistance, as well as environmental friendliness of the ABS panel.

Inside the heat insulation 15 is a steel mesh 16, which prevents shrinkage of ecowool and serves as additional protection against unauthorized entry into the room.

ABS panels can be made blind, with door or window openings, for which the frames of the panels are of various designs (Fig. 2, a-g). The thickness of the panels depends on the climatic zone in which the building is being built.

ABS panels are made and installed as follows.

In the factory, from bent steel channels made, for example, of steel galvanized sheet with a thickness of 3 mm according to GOST 19904-74, frames are made consisting of upper 2 and lower 3 longitudinal elements, rack elements 4, as well as horizontal 5 and vertical 6 jumpers . Elements 2-4 and jumpers 5, 6 are interconnected by welding. In the upper 2, lower 3 longitudinal and rack-mounted 4 elements, on one side of the channels, holes 8 are drilled with the same pitch to further connect the frames to each other and to the heat-insulating gasket 12 using bolted connections. To horizontal 5 and vertical 6 jumpers on the inside of the frame, plates 40 × 40 × 4 mm with holes F16 are welded with the same pitch to the holes F16 for further pairing of two steel frames with each other (Fig. 5). On the outside of the frame, fasteners are welded on, designed for further mounting the ABS panels 1 together, with the lower binding of the base of the screw foundation and the upper binding of ABS panels along the perimeter of the building, or plates 9 with holes for mounting the ABS panels 1 with self-tapping screws or welding (Fig. 3), or corners 10 with holes - for fastening the ABS panels 1 using bolt connection 11 (Fig. 4a, b).

Two frames are laid on top of each other, between them along the perimeter of the frames they put a heat-insulating gasket 12 to prevent the formation of “cold bridges”. The frames between each other and with the gasket 12 are fixed along the perimeter of the frames with bolts M8 × 40 mm in an amount of 16 pcs. Next, one or two pieces of metal mesh 16, for example, 1750 × 1400 m, are inserted between the frames. The mesh 16 has cells, for example, 100 × 100 × 3 mm in size. Then the frames are interconnected by bolts M8 × 80 mm using plates 7 of size, for example, 40 × 40 × 4 mm in an amount of 5 pcs., With a gap of 40 mm between them (Fig. 5).

Then, on the two sides of the obtained frame, sheets of the outer 13 and inner 14 lining are laid, made, for example, from a wood-fiber board. Cellulose insulation 15 is blown into the space between the sheathing sheets 13 and 14 by means of a pneumatic installation in a dry state, through, for example, a hole Φ50 mm (which is then closed) previously made at any of the sheathing corners, which is then closed from the edges 150-200 mm. When manually laying ecowool, the assembled frame of the panel is lined on one side with a sheathing sheet, then it is laid horizontally with the sheathing down, the frame is filled with ecowool to the top, then a second sheathing sheet is attached from above.

The sheets of the outer 13 and inner 14 skins are fixed to the frame using M4 × 16 mm screws along the perimeter of the frames and along the horizontal 5 and 6 vertical jumpers with a pitch of 150-200 mm.

Factory-made ABS panels are delivered to the construction site for installation. Transportation can be done by any truck, without the use of lifting mechanisms. Installation of a one-story building is done manually by 4 people. When using ABS panels, it is possible to use a pile-screw foundation. The materials from which the ABS panels are made are lighter than timber and brick, so a massive foundation is not required.

When installing a house, the first row of ABS panels 1 is rigidly attached to the binding of the pile-screw foundation and to each other by means of corners 10, for example, 25 × 25 × 3 × 50 mm with holes F16, and bolts 11 M10 × 50 mm, or by self-tapping screws, using plates 9, with a size of, for example, 200x40x3 mm and holes F6-8 mm. Then the first row of ABS panels is fixed with the upper strapping around the entire perimeter of the building. Similarly fasten the second row of ABS panels and so on.

Between the ABS panels 1, the lower binding of the screw foundation, the upper binding of the ABS panels, a heat-insulating gasket 12 is laid with a width of 130-200 mm and a thickness of 4-12 mm along the perimeter of the building.

Steel frames, in the places where ABS panels are mated, form a powerful steel column that carries the main vertical-axial and wind load of the building.

When using an ABS panel, the complexity and cost of erecting buildings and structures are significantly reduced due to the absence of the use of expensive hoisting equipment, special equipment and tools at the construction site, and the construction time is accelerated.

Claims (7)

1. A universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel containing a frame in the form of two steel frames rigidly interconnected, between which, along their perimeter, there is a heat-insulating gasket, outer and inner cladding made of wood material, as well as thermal insulation located between the outer and inner skins and made in the form of cellulose insulation, inside of which there is a steel mesh, while the frames are made of bent channels and equipped with fastening elements. 2. A universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel according to claim 1, in which each frame contains upper and lower longitudinal elements, rack elements, as well as horizontal and vertical jumpers interconnected by welding. 3. The universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel according to claim 1, which contains fasteners designed for rigidly connecting two frames to each other and made in the form of plates with holes for bolted connections welded to vertical and horizontal jumpers on the inside of the frame . 4. A universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel according to claim 1, in which holes for bolting are made around the perimeter of the frames. 5. The universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel according to claim 1, which contains fastening elements for fastening the panels to each other, with the lower binding of the base of the screw foundation and the upper binding of the panels around the perimeter of the building and made in the form of a frame welded around the perimeter with its outer sides of either plates with holes - for fastening with self-tapping screws or welding, or corners with holes - for fastening panels using a bolted connection. 6. A universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel according to claim 1, in which the outer and inner cladding are made of plywood, wood-fiber (fiberboard) or oriented chipboard (OSB). 7. The universal supporting architectural and basic wall panel according to claim 1, in which the heat-insulating lining is made of felt, plywood, wood-fiber (fiberboard) or oriented chipboard (OSB).

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