RU160587U1 - SIMULATOR FOR LESSONS TO REMOVE EYE MOVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH VISUAL AND SUBJECT AGNOSIA - Google Patents

Abstract

A simulator for training to restore eye movements in patients with visual-object agnosia, characterized in that it contains a metal base in the center of which a metal ball joint is pivotally mounted with metal elements rigidly mounted in it, made in the form of cylindrical tubes telescopically connected to each other with the possibility of their sequential deployment and concentrically located in the outer tube-handle, having a height of 12-14 cm, and a diameter of 2-3 cm, and in the lower part of the tube-p the cabins have 3-4 telescopically connected cylindrical tubes, and 4-7 in the upper part, while their diameter and height are limited by the diameter and height of the outer handle tube to the upper end of the uppermost cylindrical tube located in the upper part of the handle tube, rigidly attached element that controls the movement of the eyes, made in the form of a ball with a diameter of 1-2 cm

Description

The utility model relates to medicine, to the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore eye movements in patients with visual-object agnosia.

The restoration of impaired visual-subjective perception is one of the least developed issues of rehabilitation education, where there are only general guidelines for working with this type of violation.

Visual object agnosia occurs when the occipital parts of the cerebral cortex are damaged, as a result of which patients experience difficulties in perceiving images of objects and objects, and in some cases objects and objects in real space.

The process of visual-subjective perception has a complex structure and can be disrupted due to the defeat of its various components.

One of the important components necessary for the normal functioning of visual-object perception is the process of eye movements that encircle the contour of a perceived object, and make a number of other complex movements during the perception of various objects and objects (Yarbus A.L.The role of eye movements in the process of image perception. M: Nauka, 1965. - 110 p.).

The process of perceiving complex objects includes two types of eye movements: micro-movements, which ensure the preservation of a stable image of the object, and large-scale movements, which allow to sequentially select the most significant features of the object, to compare and synthesize them into the final complex for recognition (Luria A.R. Lectures on General Psychology, St. Petersburg: Peter, 2006. - 320 p.).

The known method of M.G. Khrakovsky, designed to restore eye movements, their optic-motor activity in patients with visual impairment. In the early stages of working with this technique, tasks are used to restore eye movement using automated reading algorithms: from left to right and from top to bottom, line by line. Gradually, during the lessons, the amount of visual information and the complexity of the tasks increase. This type of task allows you to increase readiness for perception due to the regulation of movement and fixing the gaze. Further, tasks are used to identify and classify objects according to given visual signs of details, etc. (Khrakovskaya MG Optimization of neuropsychological rehabilitation strategies using the example of restoration of visual gnosis. // Neurorehabilitation-2009: materials of the I International Congress. - M., 2009. - P. 48).

However, in this technique, based on the use of automated eye movement algorithms, no additional means are used to facilitate the patient's implementation of the disturbed eye movement process that controls the movement of his gaze.

A device is known “A simulator for training to restore eye movements in patients of a neurological clinic with visual impairment” (Patent RU 153548, 07.27.2015). This device is a plastic frame into which a transparent file is inserted containing a sheet of paper with working material: labyrinths, contours of objects or objects. During training, the patient holds the device with one hand, and in the other hand moves a small magnet on the back of the device, controlling the movable element located on the sheet with working material inserted into the device. Thus, the patient, moving the movable element along the contours of objects and objects, tracks his movement with his eyes.

However, this device is aimed at restoring eye movements during work exclusively in two-dimensional space - the plane of the sheet with tasks. In reality, eye movement is a more complex process that ensures the perception of objects and objects in real three-dimensional space, where there is a third coordinate - depth. As a result of this, when perceiving a real object or object, the process of eye movement is more complex. Therefore, for the full restoration of the process of eye movements in patients with visual-object agnosia, it is desirable to carry out work on the restoration of their movements in real three-dimensional space.

In order to overcome existing shortcomings, a device was developed: a simulator for training to restore eye movements in the perception of objects in patients with visual-object agnosia in three space coordinates.

The task to be solved by the claimed technical solution is the creation of classes for restoring the process of eye movements in three coordinates of space in patients with visual impairment.

The technical result consists in providing the possibility of continuous eye tracking of the controlling eye movement element, performing complex movements in three coordinates of space.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a simulator was created for training to restore eye movements in patients with visual-object agnosia, containing a round metal base, in the center of which a metal spherical support with metal elements rigidly mounted in it, made in the form of cylindrical tubes telescopically connected with each other with the possibility of their sequential deployment and concentrically located in the outer tube-handle, having a height of 12-14 cm, and a diameter 2-3 cm, with 3-4 telescopically connected cylindrical tubes located in the lower part of the handle tube, and 4-7 in the upper part, and their diameter and height are limited by the diameter and height of the outer handle tube to the upper end of the uppermost a cylindrical tube located in the upper part of the handle tube, an element controlling the movement of the eyes, made in the form of a ball with a diameter of 1-2 cm, is rigidly attached.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - shows a General view of the device when folded;

In FIG. 2 - shows a General view of the device in working condition, when the eye movement control element is extended to the necessary height for training, corresponding to the level of the patient’s eyes;

In FIG. 3 - shows a General view of the device in working condition, when the eye movement control element is raised to a maximum height for vertical eye movements.

трубки-рукоятки (4) располагают 4-7 телескопически соединенных цилиндрических трубки (3), с возможностью их выдвижения вверх, а в нижней части

трубки-рукоятки (4) - 3-4, с возможностью их выдвижения вниз относительно трубки-рукоятки (4). При этом диаметр и высота телескопически соединенных цилиндрических трубок (3) ограничены диаметром и высотой наружной трубки-рукоятки (4). Данная конструкция телескопического соединения концентрично установленных цилиндрических трубок (3) позволяет быстро и надежно фиксировать на заданной необходимой высоте выдвигаемую часть телескопического соединения, исключая при этом ее самопроизвольное перемещение. К верхнему концу самой верхней цилиндрической трубки (3), расположенной в верхней части трубки-рукоятки (4), жестко прикреплен элемент управляющий движением глаз (5), выполненный в виде шара диаметром 1-2 см.The proposed utility model, "A simulator for training to restore eye movements in patients with visual-object agnosia" (see Fig. 1-3) contains a round metal base (1) about 2 cm high, in the center of which a metal ball joint is pivotally mounted (2 ) Metal cylindrical tubes (3) are rigidly mounted in a metal spherical support (2), telescopically connected to each other with the possibility of their sequential deployment. Metal cylindrical tubes (3) are concentrically located in the outer handle tube (4), which has a height of 12-14 cm and a diameter of 2-3 cm. In this case, when folded in the upper part

handle tubes (4) have 4-7 telescopically connected cylindrical tubes (3), with the possibility of their extension upward, and in the lower part

handle tubes (4) - 3-4, with the possibility of their extension downward relative to the handle tube (4). The diameter and height of the telescopically connected cylindrical tubes (3) are limited by the diameter and height of the outer handle tube (4). This design of the telescopic connection of concentrically mounted cylindrical tubes (3) allows you to quickly and reliably fix the extendable part of the telescopic connection at a given required height, excluding its spontaneous movement. An element controlling the movement of the eyes (5), made in the form of a ball with a diameter of 1-2 cm, is rigidly attached to the upper end of the uppermost cylindrical tube (3) located in the upper part of the handle tube (4).

The total height of the simulator when folded is approximately 16-19 cm. When the element controlling the eye movement (5) is raised to the maximum height during vertical eye movements, its height reaches about 50-74 cm. The base of the simulator (1) has a diameter of 10- 15 cm, the height of the handle tube (4) is 12-14 cm, and the diameter is 2-3 cm.

The simulator works as follows:

A specialist or patient installs the simulator on a horizontal surface of the table, and holding the handle tube (4) with one hand, and with the other hand raises the eye movement control element (5) to the required height, mounted on the upper end of the highest cylindrical tube (3) located in the upper part of the handle tube (4) ·

After the element controlling the eye movement (5) is raised to a height corresponding to the level of the patient’s eye position, the specialist or patient holding the hand-grip tube (4) of the simulator with one hand starts to slowly and uniformly move the eye controlling element (5). And the patient tracks his movement with his eyes, without moving his head.

This movement can be carried out in a plane either parallel or perpendicular to the patient, or it can be more complex circular in nature with a periodic alternation of the direction of rotation: several circles clockwise and several counterclockwise.

Further, the specialist or patient, holding the base (1) of the device with one hand, gently lifts the handle (4) of the device with the other hand, pushing the lower telescopic elements (3) and lifting the element (5) controlling the eye movement, then gently lowers it to the starting position.

Thus, vertical reciprocating movements up and down are added to the trajectory of the eye-controlling element (5), and the eye-controlling element (5) is able to move in three space coordinates.

The maximum deviation angles in different directions of the eye-controlling element (5) should be comfortable for the patient.

Thus, from the very first lessons, the implementation of the process of eye movements impaired by the patient is facilitated by the use of an external tool that controls the patient’s eye movement, and the process of training acquires an attractive form of training for the patient.

Along with the restoration of eye movements in patients with visual object agnosia, the claimed device can be used in other cases:

1. When working with patients with a violation of the reading process, due to a violation of the process of eye movements.

2. When working with patients with a violation of the process of visual perception, due to loss of visual fields with unilateral visual and spatial agnosia. In this case, the patient monitors the movement of the eye-controlling element (5), which periodically goes beyond the visual field perceived by the patient, forcing the patient to track his position through head movements.

3. When working with patients with impaired voluntary attention. In this case, the monotonous monotonous activity of tracking the movement of the eye-controlling element (5) will help improve the ability of concentration.

4. When working with patients with visual acuity disorders, due to the fact that during the work with the device, while monitoring the approaching and retreating control eye movements of element (5), the axes of the eye converge and diverge, provided by the ciliary muscle, the training of which contributes to increased visual acuity.

5. When conducting preventive gymnastics of the eyes, in healthy people who spend a long time behind a computer monitor located at a certain, fixed distance from the human eye. As a result of this, a spasm of the ciliary muscle occurs, and the eye loses its ability to respond to changes in focal length, as a result of which visual acuity worsens. Therefore, periodic gymnastics, consisting in the movement of the eyes, watching the approaching, moving away and moving in three coordinates of the space controlling the eye movement element (5), will positively affect the human visual system.

Thus, the proposed device is simple to perform (a metal base, in the center of which a metal ball bearing is pivotally mounted with metal elements rigidly mounted in it, made in the form of cylindrical tubes telescopically connected to each other and concentrically arranged in a handle tube rigidly attached to the upper the end of the uppermost cylindrical tube with an element controlling the movement of the eyes), and using the simulator for exercises to restore eye movement, providing classes by continuously monitoring the eye for controlling the eye movement by an element that performs complex movements in three coordinates of space, not only with visual-object agnosia, but also with a number of other visual disturbances, as well as for training the ciliary muscle, which helps to restore visual acuity and for preventive gymnastics of the eyes in people for a long time working on a computer.

Claims (1)

A simulator for training to restore eye movements in patients with visual-object agnosia, characterized in that it contains a metal base in the center of which a metal ball joint is pivotally mounted with metal elements rigidly mounted in it, made in the form of cylindrical tubes telescopically connected to each other with the possibility of their sequential deployment and concentrically located in the outer tube-handle, having a height of 12-14 cm, and a diameter of 2-3 cm, and in the lower part of the tube-p the cabins have 3-4 telescopically connected cylindrical tubes, and 4-7 in the upper part, while their diameter and height are limited by the diameter and height of the outer handle tube to the upper end of the uppermost cylindrical tube located in the upper part of the handle tube, rigidly attached element that controls the movement of the eyes, made in the form of a ball with a diameter of 1-2 cm

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