RU157364U1 - LOAD-ABSORBING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device that absorbs loads, comprising a housing with a neck and a bottom and a package of elastic-elastic elements mounted on top of each other, alternating with plates located on the bottom, through which a rod fixed in the housing is passed, as well as a mechanism for transferring loads to the package of elastic components in the neck of the housing, moreover, several elastic-elastic elements arranged one after another are mounted in such a way that they form a contour that extends to the bottom of the housing, characterized in that the contour is formed by more than two elastic-elastic elements located one after another with the possibility of their placement anywhere in the package of elastic components, depending on the design of the housing and the mechanism for transferring loads to this package. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic element located closer to the bottom of the body has a larger external (Pn) and internal (pn) contact border with the plate than the next elastic body with an external (Pn + 1) and the internal (pn + 1) boundary of contact with the plate, in this case: Pn> Pn + 1 and pn> pn + 1, and the part of the elastic element in contact with the plate is located in the zone of the outer perimeter of this plate. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate located closer to the bottom of the housing, in comparison with the plate located behind it closer to the neck of the housing, has a larger external perimeter. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a protrusion with a hole is made in the plates. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the plates in contact with the elastically elastic elements, in which

Description

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering and transportation and relates to nodes for vehicles, mainly installed between railcars.

A device is known that absorbs loads [1, Patent RU 2128301 C1, IPC F16F 7/08, B61G 9/02, priority 02.06.1998, published 03/27/1999], containing a package of elastic-elastic elements mounted on top of each other located on the bottom of their housing , as well as a mechanism for transferring shock loads or / and compressive forces to the package of elastic components containing in the neck of the housing.

The disadvantage of this device is the inconvenience and complexity of its assembly-disassembly due to the need for compression-unloading package of elastic components, for which special additional devices are used.

These disadvantages are eliminated in a load-absorbing device [2, Patent RU 2338100 C1, IPC F16F 7/08, B61F 5/12, B61G 11/04, convention priority 18.04.2006, PL-379484, published 10.11.2008]. It contains a package of elastic-elastic elements mounted on top of each other located on the bottom of its housing, through which a rod fixed in the housing is passed, as well as a mechanism for transferring shock loads and / or compressive forces to the package of elastic-elastic elements in the neck of the housing. At the same time, the package of elastic elements is pre-pressed through part of the shock transmission mechanism by a nut screwed onto the threaded part of the said rod, which makes it possible to assemble and disassemble the device easily and without special additional devices.

However, such a device, an analogue [2], does not have a sufficient MTBF.

The fact is that, on the basis of the design described in this patent, such absorbing devices as PMKP-110, APM-120, etc., are known and widely used, on the bottom of the case of which a protrusion for the rod is made in the form of a coupling bolt. Such a protrusion requires an increase in the diameter of the central hole in adjacent elastic-elastic elements in comparison with elastic-elastic elements located closer to the neck of the body, which is done in a device that absorbs loads [3, Absorption device PMKP-110 (Fig. 8.18) / Electronic resource - http://1jelesnodorojnik.ru/2012-10-09-03-46-57/67--8-/250-83 - Access date 18.04.222015], adopted as a prototype of a utility model.

Such a prototype device comprises a housing with a neck and a bottom and a package of elastic-elastic elements mounted on top of one another, alternated by plates, through which a rod fixed in the housing is passed, as well as a mechanism for transferring loads to the package of elastic-elastic elements in the neck of the housing . Moreover, two elastic-elastic elements located immediately from the bottom of the housing one after another are installed in such a way that they form a contour that extends to the bottom of the housing. Those. the elastic-elastic element located on the bottom of the housing, covering the protrusion in it for the rod, has a larger central hole and is made more perimeter than the next elastic-elastic element and all the others from their package.

However, for the normal operation of such a package of elastic-elastic elements, their equal rigidity is required (for a uniform load distribution between the elastic-elastic elements and, as a consequence, a decrease in the probability of destruction of one of the elements), which leads to compliance with the proportional volumes of the material in the elastic-elastic elements. However, this is not provided for in the prototype device, therefore, during the compression of the package, the load is distributed unevenly in its elastic components, and they receive unequal deformation. Since the outer diameter of one of the elastic-elastic elements with an enlarged central hole at the same load will always be larger than the other elastic-elastic elements, this can lead to its destruction due to the fact that part of such an elastic-elastic element , in contact with the plate, moves beyond its size and works on a cut. As a result, the likelihood of both ductile and brittle fracture is sharply increased (especially at low negative temperatures), and, as a result, the likelihood of a decrease in operating efficiency and even breakdown of the device increases.

The use of elastomers for an elastic-elastic element of increased hardness near the bottom of the body will adversely affect the remaining elastic-elastic elements of the package, because they will receive a large deformation under the same load (i.e., they will compress more strongly), which under extreme conditions can also cause their destruction.

Also, the execution of the Central hole of increased diameter in the elastic-elastic element adjacent to the protrusion on the bottom of the body of the prototype device [3], causes plastic deformation of the plate, because elastic-elastic elements with a smaller central hole tend to “push through” an elastic-elastic element with a large central hole.

Therefore, the objective of the utility model is to achieve a technical result aimed at improving the reliability of the device, absorbing loads.

The problem is solved in that the load-absorbing device (Fig. 1-20), comprising a housing with a neck and a bottom and a package of elastic-elastic elements mounted on top of each other, alternated by plates, through which a rod fixed in the housing is passed, and also containing in the neck of the housing a mechanism for transferring loads to a package of elastic components, moreover, several elastic-elastic elements located one after another are installed in such a way that they form a contour that extends to seeking housing has features: said circuit is formed by more than two spaced successive resiliently-elastic element, with the possibility of placement anywhere packet elastically flexible elements depending on the design of the housing and the load transmitting mechanism for this package.

Such an installation of more than two adjacent elastic-elastic elements will ensure compliance with their equal volume due to a gradual increase in their dimensions. This is necessary to ensure uniform distribution of the load attributable to these elastic components. As a result, the same deformation of all elastic-elastic elements in the bag during operation of the device will be ensured, which will reduce the likelihood of both plastic and brittle fracture of elastic-elastic elements, especially at low negative temperatures.

In addition, this will allow for maximum deformation of the elastic elements to obtain an external contact boundary of each elastic component with adjacent plates less than the external perimeter of these plates. As a result of this, the destruction of the elastic elements will not occur. In this case, the excessive deflection of the plate installed between the elastic-elastic elements adjacent to the protrusion in the bottom of the body and located closer to its neck, observed in the device according to the prototype [2], can be eliminated by a simple method - using a plate of increased thickness, the size of which will be selected according to the force characteristics of a package of elastic elements. Or the same can be done by using at least one intermediate elastic-elastic element, in which the contact boundary with an adjacent plate is less than that of the nearest elastic-elastic element located closer to the bottom of the body and adjacent to the same plate, and more than at the nearest elastic element located closer to the neck of the body.

The possibility of placing elastic-elastic elements one after another, forming an expanding contour, anywhere in their package, depending on the design of the housing and the mechanism of transferring loads to this package, is aimed at providing the possibility of creating the above advantages for various embodiments of the design of the device absorbing loads .

Additional distinguishing features of the utility model, enhancing the effect of the technical result:

- (Fig. 19, 20) an elastic-elastic element located closer to the bottom of the body has a larger external (Pn) and internal (pn) border of contact with the plate than the elastic-elastic element with the outer next to it in the direction of the neck of the body (Pn + 1) and internal (pn + 1) contact boundary with the plate, while:

Pn> Pn + 1 and pn> pn + 1

a, the part of the elastic element in contact with the plate is located in the zone of the outer perimeter of this plate.

- (Fig. 13, 14, 19, 20) the plate located closer to the bottom of the housing, in comparison with the plate located behind it closer to the neck of the housing, has a larger external perimeter;

- (Fig. 1-8, 11-20) in the plates made a protrusion with a hole;

- (Fig 13, 14, 17, 18) contacting with the elastic elements of the plate, in which the protrusion is made with a hole, mounted protrusions towards each other;

- (Fig 13, 14, 17, 18) in any of the plates there are two protrusions with holes directed to the sides of the neck and the bottom of the body, while the protrusion with the hole directed towards the bottom of the body has a larger external perimeter than the protrusion with the hole directed towards the neck of the housing;

- (Fig. 15-20) the rod is fixed in the protrusion of the bottom of the housing and an elastic-elastic element and plate are passed through this protrusion;

- (Fig 1-8) the rod is made in the form of a bolt, one part of which is located in the protrusion of the bottom of the body, and the other part is located in the load transfer mechanism, while a nut that pre-compresses the bag is screwed onto the thread that is made on any of these parts elastic-elastic elements mounted on top of each other;

- (Fig 3-8) the load transfer mechanism is made in the form of a package containing a pressure element and friction elements associated with the pressure element and the neck of the housing;

- the neck of the body is predominantly tetrahedral or hexagonal (Fig. 9), or round;

- (Fig. 9) at the junction of the faces of the predominantly hexagonal neck of the body, ribs are located in the form of protrusions facing inside;

- (Fig 1-8) an elastic-elastic element located closer to the bottom of the body than the other elastic-elastic elements, not less than them in their volume, and has no less rigidity than them.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1, 3, 5 and 7 are shown in various embodiments, sections of devices that perceive shock loads and / or compressive forces; in FIG. 2, 4, 6, and 8 are the same as in FIG. 1, 3, 5 and 7, but when applied to such devices, loads; in FIG. 9 shows a side view of the device of FIG. 5 or 7; in FIG. 10 is a partial section aa of FIG. 9; 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 are shown in partial sections of a place closer to the bottom of the housing with various options; in FIG. 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 are the same as in FIG. 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, but when applied to such devices, loads.

The load-absorbing device (Figs. 1, 3, 5) contains a packet (3) of elastic-elastic elements (4-9) mounted on top of each other located on the bottom (2) of its housing (1), through which the fastened in the housing is passed the rod (10), as well as the mechanism for transferring loads (12) to the package of elastic-elastic elements (4-9) in the neck (11) of the housing.

The elastic-elastic element (9) closest to the bottom (2) of the housing (1) is not less in volume than the other elastic-elastic elements (4-8) and / or has greater stiffness in comparison with them.

More than two (as an example three are shown) adjacent elastic-elastic elements (6-8 in Figs. 1, 7, 15 or 7-9 in Figs. 3, 5, 11, 13, 17) are installed in such a way that they a contour (13) is formed, expanding to the bottom (2) of the housing (1).

Between the elastic elements (4-9) there is either one plate (14-17 in Figs. 1, 3, 5, or 14, 15, 18, 19 in Fig. 7, or 14, 15, 20 in Figs. 11, or 15, 18, 20 in Fig. 13, or 14, 15, 17, 18 in Fig. 15, or 14, 15, 16 in Fig. 17), or two plates (15 and 16 in Fig. 17 ) in contact with each other. It is also possible to use a support plate (21 in Figs. 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15 and 17) between the bottom (2) and the elastic-elastic element (9) and the support plate (22 in Fig. 1) before extreme elastic element (4).

It is advisable that at least one elastic-elastic element (for example, 8 in Fig. 1) located closer to the bottom (2) of the housing (1) has a large external (P _n ) and internal (P _n ) contact border with plate (16) than the adjacent, next elastic element (7) with external (P _{n + 1} ) and internal (p _{n + 1} ) contact boundary with this plate (16) or with another plate in contact with it (15) . Moreover: P _n > P _{n + 1} and p _n > p _{n + 1} . At the same time, the part of the elastic element (8) in contact with the plates (16 and 17) is located in the area of its external perimeter.

The following options for the execution and location of the plates (15-20 in Fig. 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17) devices are possible:

- at least one plate (17 in FIG. 1) located closer to the bottom (2) of the housing (1) has either a larger external perimeter and / or greater thickness than the plates (14-16) located behind it closer to the neck (11) enclosures (1);

- some plates (15, 16 in Figs. 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17) are provided with a protrusion (23), through the opening of which the rod (10) is passed;

- at least two plates (15 and 16 in Fig. 1) are mounted with their projections (23) towards each other;

- on some plates (18, 19 in Fig. 7, or 18 in Figs. 13 and 15), there are two protrusions (24) directed both towards the bottom (2) and towards the neck (11) of the housing (1), or at two contacting plates (15 and 16 in Fig. 17), the protrusions (23) are directed to the sides of the bottom (2) and the neck (11) of the housing (1), while for the plates (18 in Fig. 7, 13, 15) one protrusion (24) directed towards the bottom (2) of the housing (1) has a larger outer perimeter than the second protrusion directed towards the neck (11) of the housing (1), and for the plates in contact with each other (15 and 16 in Fig. 17) the protrusion (23) of the plate (15 ), directed towards the bottom (2) of the housing (1), has a larger outer perimeter than the protrusion (23) of the plate (16), directed towards the neck (11) of the housing (1).

The rod (10) can be fixed in the protrusion (25 in Fig. 1, 3, 5, 7, 13, 11, 15, 17) of the bottom (2) of the housing (1). Two elastic-elastic elements (8, 9 in Fig. 1, 15) with a plate (17) between them, or one elastic-elastic element (9 in Figs. 3, 5, 7, 13, are passed through this protrusion (25), 11, 17).

The load transfer mechanism (12) can be made in the form of a pressure element (26 in Fig. 1) or in the form of a package (Fig. 3, 5 and 7) containing a pressure element (26) and friction elements (27) associated with the pressure element (26) plate 31 and the neck (11) of the housing (1).

The rod (10) can be made in the form of a bolt (Fig. 3, 5, 7), one part of which, for example, together with the head (28) is located in the protrusion (25) of the bottom (2) of the housing (1), and the other part of the bolt located in the mechanism of transmission of shock loads and / or compressive forces (12). At the same time, a nut (30) is pre-wound on the thread (29), which is made on any of these parts (shown only on the part with the head (28) in Figs. 1, 3, 5, 7), which previously compresses the bag (3) installed on each other of elastic elements (4-9) through a pressure plate (31).

The neck (11) of the housing (1) for each of the embodiments of the devices (Figs. 1, 3, 5, 7) can be tetrahedral (not shown) or hex (Fig. 9) or round (not shown). At the same time, at least at one point where the faces of the hexagonal housing (1) are mated, ribs (32) protruding inside the neck (11) of the housing (1) can be located (Fig. 10).

The plate (19 in Fig. 7), located between two elastic-elastic elements (8, 9), can be provided with a guide (33), covering the protrusion (25) in the bottom (2) of the housing (1).

The principle of operation of the device according to the utility model is based on the fact that upon application (Fig. 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18) to the pressure element (26) of the resulting force (F) from the shock load and / or compressive force, its dissipation occurs due to compression through the mechanism of transfer of loads and / or compressive force (12) of the package (3) of elastic-elastic elements (4-9).

Moreover, due to the observance of equal volumes of adjacent at least three elastic-elastic elements (6, 7, 8 in Fig. 2, 8, 16 or 7, 8, 9 in Fig. 4, 6, 12, 14, 18 ), a uniform distribution of the load on these elastic-elastic elements is ensured, and, as a result, the same deformation of all elastic-elastic elements is achieved (4-9). This will reduce the likelihood of both ductile and brittle fracture, especially at low negative operating temperatures of the device.

Information sources:

1. Patent RU 2128301 C1, IPC F16F 7/08, B61G 9/02, priority 02.06.1998, published 03/27/1999.

2. Patent RU 2338100 C1, IPC F16F 7/08, B61F 5/12, B61G 11/04, Convention priority 18.04.2006, PL-379484, published 10.11.2008.

3. Absorbing apparatus PMKP-110 (Fig. 8.18) / Electronic resource - http://1jelesnodorojnik.ru/2012-10-09-03-46-57/67--8-/250-83 - access date 18.04. 222015 / prototype /.

Claims (12)

1. A device that absorbs loads, comprising a housing with a neck and a bottom and a package of elastic-elastic elements mounted on top of one another, alternating with plates, through which a rod fixed in the housing is passed, as well as a mechanism for transferring loads to the package of elastic components, located in the neck of the housing, moreover, several elastic-elastic elements arranged one after another are mounted in such a way that they form a contour that extends to the bottom of the housing, characterized in that the contour is formed by more than two elastic-elastic elements located one after another with the possibility of their placement anywhere in the package of elastic elements, depending on the design of the housing and the mechanism for transferring loads to this package. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic element located closer to the bottom of the body has a larger external (Pn) and internal (pn) border of contact with the plate than the next elasto-elastic element with an external ( Pn + 1) and the internal (pn + 1) contact boundary with the plate, with: Pn> Pn + 1 and pn> pn + 1, and the part of the elastic element in contact with the plate is located in the zone of the outer perimeter of this plate. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the plate located closer to the bottom of the housing, in comparison with the plate located behind it closer to the neck of the housing, has a larger external perimeter. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a protrusion with a hole is made in the plates. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the plates in contact with the elastically elastic elements, in which the protrusion with the hole is made, are mounted with protrusions towards each other. 6. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that in any of the plates there are two protrusions with holes directed to the sides of the neck and the bottom of the body, while the protrusion with the hole directed towards the bottom of the body has a larger external perimeter than the protrusion with hole directed towards the neck of the housing. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rod is fixed in the protrusion of the bottom of the housing and an elastomeric element and plate are passed through this protrusion. 8. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the rod is made in the form of a bolt, one part of which is located in the protrusion of the bottom of the housing, and the other part is located in the load transfer mechanism, while the thread that is made on any of these parts is wound a nut pre-compressing a stack of elastic-elastic elements mounted on top of each other. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the load transfer mechanism is made in the form of a package containing a pressure element and friction elements associated with the pressure element and the neck of the housing. 10. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the neck of the housing is mainly tetrahedral, or hexagonal, or round. 11. The device according to p. 10, characterized in that at the interface between the faces of the predominantly hexagonal neck of the body, ribs are located in the form of protrusions directed into it. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic element located closer to the bottom of the body than the other elastic elements is not less than their volume and has no less rigidity than them.

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