RU152372U1 - SOIL TREATMENT DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for tillage, including a frame, support wheels, a handle with a cross member, a working body, wheels with grousers and pedals, characterized in that the frame is made of hollow inside straight lower and upper tube-racks, bent tubes, curly telescopic tubes and tubes-runners with bent ends, rigidly, articulated or telescopically connected in the vertical and horizontal planes and forming two half-frames, which are paired together by means of horizontal shafts, axles and cross-pieces create an integral the structure of the frame, while the upper tube-racks are connected to the figured telescopic tubes, and are pivotally connected to the lower tube-racks and provided with holes with clamps, and the tube-skids are made with bent ends, and the rear ends are pivotally fixed to the lower part of the tubes with bend on the axle of the wheels with grousers, and the front ones with bushings at the ends and put on expanding springs, enter hollow glasses rigidly fixed in the end of the lower tube-posts with the possibility of moving in the cavity of the glasses to a plates, while the front bent ends of the tubes-runners flexible cables are connected to the mechanism for regulating the position of the removable working bodies in height / depth of processing. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the three shafts and the axis connecting the two frames are designed to accommodate and fasten removable working bodies and wheels with lugs, respectively, the other two shafts serve as foot and manual drives for their rotation, and the cross member - for manual transportation and additional rigidity

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to hand-held devices for processing small-sized garden and experimental plots.

Known manual cultivator containing a sliding handle with which a vertical rod is rigidly connected with a height adjustment in the lower part of which is mounted a working body in the form of pointed spatially spiral teeth, and the handle is made S-shaped, and depending on the direction of rotation of the teeth may vary arm shoulder length, for left or right hand (see, p. 2153787 C1, А01В 1/06, 1/00).

The disadvantage of this device is that mainly the muscles of the hands participate in the work, and most of the load falls on the working (right or left) hand, which leads to fatigue and, accordingly, to a decrease in productivity and quality of work, especially when loosening / cultivating dry and compacted soils where great effort is required. The disadvantages include the limited use of loosening / cultivation and soil compaction by the operator / person.

A device for tillage is known, which includes tines with an acute angle at the apex, arranged in one row and combined in the upper part by a common jumper rigidly connected to the pedal by means of axes and pivotally with a stand interconnected with the pedal by an elastic element. The device is equipped with a frame with abutment teeth, which is located under the jumper and parallel to it, and the axis forms an angle with the teeth mounted parallel to the abutment teeth (see, n. 2252515 C2, A01B 1/04).

The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty requiring application, great effort (energy) of a person in the treatment of dry and compacted soil, especially during the deepening of the teeth in the soil and tipping of the layer, which will lead to rapid fatigue and lower productivity. The disadvantages of the device can also include limited use, moving it manually and compaction of the soil by the operator / person.

A device is known for subsurface tillage including a handle, a digging part in the form of a pitchfork, a support element and a cultivator with rods installed between the teeth of the pitchfork. At the same time, the forks are made in the form of a pedal rigidly fixed to the handle with replaceable teeth installed in the latter, the support element is in the form of a ski, and the cultivator is in the form of a paw, on one side of which rods are fixed, and on the opposite side, the support element, and the handle is mounted on the support the element can be rotated in a vertical plane at the working position of the device and is spring-loaded relative to the supporting element in the direction of oncoming movement of the bars and teeth of the forks, followed by the placement of the bars between the teeth, while the bars of the cultivator are made of curved material with spring properties (see paragraph 2207748, C1, A01B 1/00, A01D 9/00).

The disadvantages of the device include the difficulties that will arise when processing dry and dense soils, when deepening of the teeth and tearing off the formation will require the application of great efforts (energy consumption) of a person, as well as a decrease in the quality of soil treatment, as lumps formed are difficult to break and grind with rods. The disadvantages of the device are also limited use (loosening), manual movement to other positions and soil compaction by the operator / person.

Known manual rotary cultivator containing a support bracket and a holder located inside it with working bodies and a handle rigidly connected to the holder to rotate the working bodies, and in order to increase the degree of cutting weeds and facilitate operating conditions, the working bodies are made in the form of vertically mounted knives with sharpening and equipped with a device for cleaning them, which are made in the form of covers covering the knives fixed on a U-shaped bracket. In this case, the device bracket is rigidly attached to the rod, freely installed inside the handle, and spring-loaded relative to it, and in the upper part of each knife from the sharpening side there is an oblique U-shaped groove, the lower edge of which is connected with the knife sharpening at an acute angle, and has sharpening (see AS 1187731, A01B 1/06).

The disadvantages of the device include the fact that during the work mainly the muscles of the hands work when the handle rotates with the working bodies, however, during the processing of dry, drained and dense soils, additional expenditures of muscle energy will be required to push the supporting bracket with working bodies into the soil to a predetermined depth . This will lead to rapid fatigue of the operator / person and, consequently, to a decrease in productivity and quality of work. The disadvantage of this device is also soil compaction during operation by the operator / person.

A device for tillage is known, comprising a frame with support wheels, a handle and a bed on which a working body is mounted, wheels with lugs and pedals connected to the support wheels and wheels with lugs by means of a suspension mechanism located in a vertical plane having a front link. In order to reduce the energy consumption of processing, the device is equipped with copying rollers mounted on the bed in front of the working body to limit the depth of soil cultivation, and the suspension mechanism has additional traction pivotally connected to the axle of the wheels with lugs and each pedal is rigidly fixed to the front link. In this case, the coils are mounted on the bed by means of a leash and a U-shaped bracket with holes in the sidewalls to regulate the position of the rolls relative to the bed in height, and the bed with a working body is spring-loaded relative to the wheels with lugs (see AS 1607698, A1, A01B 1/06).

This invention by technical solution is closest to the proposed device and can be used as a prototype.

Its disadvantages include participation in the work mainly of the muscles of the legs of the operator (person), because with his hands, he only clings to the cross member of the handle. In addition, the disadvantage of the device is the asynchronous movement (rotation) of the wheels with grousers (i.e., when the left pedal is pressed, the left wheel rotates, and the left side first comes into motion, and vice versa). This will lead to a decrease in traction, jerking from side to side of the device and, accordingly, working bodies, especially during the processing of dry and dense soils. It will be difficult to achieve good quality under such conditions, since, for example, with the planned plowing of 12 cm, the operator sets the preset depth using the clamps on the U-shaped bracket, presses on the pedals, and the effort to move the device is not enough.

The selection method will turn out that the processing of such soil is possible only when the working body is deepened, for example, by 6 cm. There is also a direct dependence of the productivity of the work on the weight of the operator / person himself, i.e. the more weight, the greater the productivity, for example, an operator / person with a small weight may not fulfill the intended amount of work.

In addition, in the case of processing soils of inhomogeneous moisture and density, there will be a need for constant regulation of the depth of the working body by rearranging the clamps on the U-shaped bracket, which will significantly increase time, reduce productivity and quality of work. The disadvantages of the device can also include the limitations of its use (tillage) and bulkiness, which is important when changing positions or transportation.

The objective of our device for processing small-sized garden and experimental plots is to expand functionality, increase productivity and quality of work and reduce muscle energy consumption of the operator / person.

In addition, a constructive and technical solution will allow you to use the device as a sports simulator for the comprehensive development of leg muscles. hands and body of a person.

In FIG. 1 shows a manual device for processing small-sized garden and experimental plots (front view). In FIG. 2 the same (rear view). In FIG. 3 shows the details of the device and the mechanism for regulating the position of the working bodies in height, depth of processing (side view in sections, gaps). In FIG. Figure 4 shows the details of the mechanism for regulating the position of the working bodies according to the height / depth of processing, placed inside and outside the curly telescopic tube (top view in sections, gaps). In FIG. 5 shows an installation option of interchangeable working bodies, guide wheels with teeth and chains / tracks, for example, for loosening the soil. In FIG. 6 shows an installation option of interchangeable working bodies, for example, for mowing grass. In FIG. 7 shows a device when processing, for example, loosening, cultivating the soil (side view). In FIG. 8 shows a device, for example, when mowing grass (side view). In FIG. Figure 9 shows a device, for example, when leveling the microrelief of the soil in a rice paddy flooded with water (side view).

This goal is achieved in that the device is made of light, strong and hollow inside the curly tubes with a bend of 1, straight lower and upper tubes-racks 2, 3, curly telescopic tubes 4 and tubes-runners with bent ends 5.

In this case, curly tubes with a bend 1 in the horizontal part and the lower tube-uprights 2 in the lower part, for example, are rigidly interconnected and are the supporting base for the device half-frames. In order to be able to adjust the height of the device’s frame and folding (putting it into a non-working position), the upper tube-racks 3 are connected to curly telescopic tubes 4, the hinges 6 are connected to the lower tube-racks 2 and provided with holes with clamps 7, 8.

The tubes-runners 5 are the base - the lower part of the half-frames and are made with bent ends, and the rear ends of the runner tubes, for example, are pivotally mounted in the lower part of the tubes with a bend 1 (on axis 9), and the front ones, with bushings 10 at the ends and put on on them, by expanding springs 11, enter hollow glasses 12, rigidly fixed at the end of the lower tube-racks 2, with the possibility of movement in the cavity of the glasses to the thrust plates 13 with holes.

At the same time, the front bent ends of the tubes-runners 5 with flexible cables 31 are connected to a mechanism for regulating the position of interchangeable working bodies in height / depth of processing. Two half frames assembled in such a sequence and connected to each other by horizontal shafts 14, 15, 16 of the axis 9 and the cross member 17 create an integral frame design for compact placement and fastening of all nodes, parts, rotation mechanisms, adjusting the position of the working bodies and moving the device on it. Moreover, the shaft 15 and the axis 9 are designed to accommodate and fasten, respectively, replaceable working bodies 18 and wheels with lugs 19, and the shafts 14, 16 serve as foot and manual drives for their rotation, respectively, and are made in the form of crankshafts, on the opposite protrusions of which are placed pedals 20 and handles 21. As the transmission mechanism of rotation from the shafts of the foot 14 and manual 16 drives to the shaft 15 with working bodies 18 and axis 9, with wheels with lugs 19, gear sprockets 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 are used placed with at least one side the shafts 14, 15, 16, axis 9 and connected by chain gears 28, 29,30 (see. Fig. 1, 2, 3). In this case, gear sprockets 23, 24 located on the shaft 15 and transmitting rotation to it from the shafts of the foot 14 and manual 16 drives, as well as gear sprocket 26 located on the shaft 14 (next to gear sprocket 22) and transmitting rotation through the sprocket 27 to the axis 9 and the wheels with lugs 19, are fixed not rigidly, but with the ability to engage with the shafts 15, 14 if necessary, for example, in cases when both the foot 14 and manual 16 drives of rotation of the working bodies are turned on individually, or when the device is moved during the shift positions. Such switching is possible, for example, using special levers and forks or like sports bikes (not shown in Fig.).

At least on one side of the device’s frame, nodes and parts of the mechanism for regulating the position of interchangeable working bodies along the height / depth of processing are placed. This mechanism can be considered in more detail in FIG. 3 (side view) and FIG. 4 (top view) in sections, gaps. It includes, for example, a flexible cable 31, which is located, for example, inside the cavities of the lower and upper tube-racks 2, 3, inside the cavities and outside the telescopic tube 4, which is connected at one end through the ear 32 located on the sleeve 10 to the spring-loaded front bent part of the tubes - runners 5, and the other end is pulled through a guide roller 33 mounted on the axis 34, and is rigidly attached to the tension roller 35, located on the hollow axis 36, inside the figured telescopic tube 4. On the outside of the figured telescopic tube 4, for example, and the hollow axis 36, the gear sprocket 37 is rigidly fixed, and the hollow handle 38 is placed / put on at the end of the tube, with the possibility of rotation around the end part of the telescopic tube 4. At the same time, on the handle 38, for example, the gear sprocket 39 is engaged an asterisk 37, and the handle 38 itself has a partition 40 with a hole and is attached to the end part of the curly telescopic tube 4 with a bolt 41 and a nut with a washer 42.

To ensure regulation and fixation of the position of the working bodies in height and depth of processing, on the axis 43 of the bracket 44 are placed the clutch lever 45 with a stopper 46 connected to the return spring 47.

To prevent possible skew and destabilization of the device frame and, accordingly, the shaft 15 with the working bodies 18 when the cable 31 is placed on one side, a variant of bilateral placement or passage of the cable to the other side of the frame, for example, through the cavity of the partition 17 (not shown in Fig.), Is possible.

The device from the inoperative position is brought into the operating position, for example, by turning on the hinges 6 and securing with the help of the clips 7 in the vertical position of the upper tube-posts 3. Using the curly telescopic tubes 4 and the holes with the clips 8, the frame is adjusted in height, i.e. set the position of the handles 21 and 38 most convenient (optimal) for operation and, using the gear sprocket 49 on the bracket 50, adjust the tension of the chain 29 between the gear sprockets 24, 25 of the manual drive for rotating the shaft 15 and the removable working bodies 18 mounted on it.

The operation of the device for processing small-sized garden and experimental plots is as follows.

In each case, first the operator / person determines in what way (moving forward or backward) this or that type of work will be performed, the hand-held device is set to its original position (plot, plot, check) with working bodies raised above the soil surface 18. Then the operator becomes on the pedal 20, grabs the handles 21 and, rotating them, for example, simultaneously, rotates the shafts 14, 16 of the foot and hand drives, respectively, which transmit rotation through gear sprockets 22, 23, 24, 25 and chain gears 28, 29 on the shaft 15 and s removable working bodies attached to it (loosening, cultivating, leveling the soil or mowing vegetation) 18. To deepen the working bodies into the soil, for example, when loosening, or to change their height (for example, when mowing grass, leveling the soil), it is necessary to apply a regulation mechanism the position of the working bodies in height / depth of processing (see in Fig. 3, 4, 7, 8 9). First you need to squeeze the clutch lever 45 (i.e., remove the stopper 46 from the teeth of the sprocket 37) and gently rotate the handle 38 in one direction or another (by pulling or loosening the cable 31), achieve the required depth / height of the machining and release the clutch lever. In this case, the spring 47 will return the stopper 46 to the gap between the teeth of the sprocket 37, and the shaft 15 with the working bodies 18 will be fixed in the position chosen by the operator / person.

In FIG. 7 shows the operation of a hand-held device, for example, when loosening / cultivating the soil. Here, the initial position of the frame with the working bodies 18 raised above the surface of the soil is shown in solid print, and the dash as a dotted line, its transformation when the working bodies are deepened into the soil. In this case, under the influence of the cable tension 31, the upper part of the frame is subjected to transformation, which will gradually lower simultaneously turning on hinges around the axis 9, for example, until the plates 13 rest in the spring-loaded bushings 10 of the runner tubes 5, and the runners themselves (i.e. base, lower part of the frame) do not change their position relative to the soil surface. In this position, the shaft 15 is at a minimum distance from the soil surface, and the working bodies 18 are maximally deepened.

At the end of the cycle, it is necessary in the reverse sequence, using the clutch lever 45 and the handle 38, to raise the working bodies of loosening above the soil surface, while the cable 31 is loosened, the springs 11 are unclenched, simultaneously lifting up and rotating the upper part of the frame and hinged around axis 9 and placed on it shaft 15 with working bodies 18.

The next operation, for example, changing the position of tillage. To do this, using a special lever (not shown in Fig.), The gear sprocket 26 is engaged with the shaft 14 of the foot drive and rotating the pedals 20 in the selected direction, the torque is transmitted through the gear sprockets 26, 27 and the chain gear 30 to the axis 9 and lug wheels 19, which drive the device itself.

After setting the device to a new position, the cycles are repeated until the work is completed.

The support wheels 52 are installed in the front horizontal part of the runner tubes 5, and in order to increase throughput and accordingly productivity, for example, when loosening / cultivating the soil, instead of them, guide wheels with teeth 53 are installed. Then, on wheels with teeth 53 and wheels with lugs 19 caterpillars / chains 54 are put on (see Fig. 5, 7) In case of work on waterlogged areas, or, for example, when leveling irregularities in the soil, in checks filled with water, skis 55 are mounted on snake tubes 5 (see. Fig. 9).

The device can also be used as a means of transportation, for example, on local roads, when changing sections, etc., for which hard cases or covers are put on wheels with lugs 19.

Planning work in checks, mowing grass and weeds can be carried out in constant motion, as well. during the development of certain skills, loosening and cultivation of soils can also be performed continuously, with a change of position only at the beginning or end of the plots.

57 denotes a removable grill, which is placed, for example, on the horizontal part of the tubes with a bend of 1 frame and is intended for crushing lumps of soil, delaying remains of vegetation roots and cleaning working organs, for example, when loosening / cultivating the soil. 51 denotes bushes for fastening replaceable working bodies 18, and in order to prevent possible injuries when performing work, it is possible to install, for example, enclosing covers or cases 58 on all rotating parts (working bodies, sprockets, chain drives) (in Fig. 5, 6 , 7, 8, 9 shown for working bodies conditionally, dash-and-dot). In order to avoid possible injuries to the operator’s legs from rotating working bodies, the pedals can be made, for example, in the form of shoes with metal socks (not shown in FIG.).

Advantages of the device for processing small-sized garden and experimental plots:

- expansion of functionality due to the installation of replaceable working bodies (cultivation, cultivation, planning and mowing of vegetation), as well as steering wheels with teeth, tracks, skis;

- the ability to control the height / depth of processing and the smoothness of the replaceable working bodies due to the presence of a mechanism for regulating the position of the working bodies according to the height / depth of processing;

- the ability to regulate the loads on the muscles of the legs, arms and the whole body of the person / operator by individually or simultaneously turning on the foot and manual drives for rotating the working bodies;

- the ability to perform work in conditions of high or low humidity and density of soil;

- the ability to move the device on its own on the site, plot, check without compaction of the soil;

- a constructive solution allows you to also use this device as a sports simulator, for the development of the muscles of the legs, arms and body.

Claims (11)

1. A device for tillage, including a frame, support wheels, a handle with a cross member, a working body, wheels with grousers and pedals, characterized in that the frame is made of hollow inside straight lower and upper tube-racks, bent tubes, curly telescopic tubes and tubes-runners with bent ends, rigidly, articulated or telescopically connected in the vertical and horizontal planes and forming two half-frames, which are paired together by means of horizontal shafts, axles and cross-pieces create an integral the structure of the frame, while the upper tube-racks are connected to the figured telescopic tubes, and are pivotally connected to the lower tube-racks and provided with holes with clamps, and the tube-skids are made with bent ends, and the rear ends are pivotally fixed to the lower part of the tubes with bend on the axle of the wheels with grousers, and the front ones with bushings at the ends and put on expanding springs, enter hollow glasses rigidly fixed in the end of the lower tube-posts with the possibility of moving in the cavity of the glasses to a wafers, with the front bent ends of the tubes-runners flexible cables connected to the mechanism for regulating the position of the removable working bodies in height / depth of processing. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the three shafts and the axis connecting the two frames are designed to accommodate and attach removable working bodies and wheels with lugs, respectively, the other two shafts serve as foot and manual drives for their rotation, and a cross-beam - for manual transportation and to give the structure additional rigidity. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shafts of the foot and manual drives are made in the form of crankshafts and are equipped with pedals and handles for their rotation, respectively. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as the gear mechanism of rotation from the shafts of the foot and hand drives to the shaft with working bodies, the sprocket and wheels with lugs are gear sprockets connected by chain transmissions. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that two gear sprockets placed on the shaft with interchangeable working bodies, transmitting rotation from the foot and manual drives, and one located on the shaft of the foot drive and transmitting rotation to the axle and wheels with lugs, fixed on the shafts not rigidly, but with the ability to engage with them if necessary. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for regulating the position of interchangeable working bodies in height / depth of treatment, which includes a flexible cable placed inside the cavities of the lower and upper tube-racks, inside the cavities and outside the figured telescopic tube, which is one the end through the eyelet located on the sleeve is connected to the spring-loaded front bent part of the skid tubes, and the other end is pulled through a guide roller mounted on the axis and is rigidly attached to the tension roller, placed on a hollow axis inside a figured telescopic cabin, on the outside of which a gear sprocket is rigidly fixed on the hollow axis, and a hollow handle is put on the end of the hollow tube with the possibility of rotation around the end of the figured telescopic tube, while a gear sprocket is rigidly fixed to the hollow handle meshing with an asterisk mounted on a hollow axis. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the brackets with tension gear sprockets are mounted on the tube-racks of the frame. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as the support wheels can be installed guide wheels with teeth, with subsequent installation on them and wheels with grousers, chain or tracked gears. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that ski tubes can be mounted on skids. 10. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that on all rotating parts and details - working bodies, sprockets, chains, pedals - it is possible to install rigid fences, cases, casings. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the wheels with lugs it is possible to install rigid cases or casings.

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