RU151749U1 - LOAD CIRCUIT BREAKER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Device for smooth switching on the load, which includes an input rectifier, a transformer with a secondary winding, two power transistors, an output rectifier, a capacitive filter and a control system containing a pulse-width modulator and a sawtooth pulse generator, characterized in that it contains a control pulse generator, synchronized with a network, a control module for the smooth switching on of triacs and half-bridge oscillator. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the driver of the control pulses synchronized with the network includes a driver of rectangular pulses, a driver of pulses, while the driver of the generator of rectangular pulses is made in the form of a comparator, and the driver of pulses contains the drivers of the leading edge of the negative and positive half-waves, in addition, the comparator is made on an operational amplifier, and each of the front-edge formers of the negative and positive half-wave contains an integrator, adder, and egralnye logical elementy.3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the triac soft-drive control module includes a sawtooth pulse generator, a pulse-width modulator, an on and off time generator, is made in the form of an integrator, a power amplifier with an output transformer, and the sawtooth pulse generator is made in the form integrator, and two pulse-width modulators are made in the form of comparators, in addition, the power amplifier is made in a push-pull circuit. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the half-bridge oscillator includes an input bridge rectifier�

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to devices for converting energy parameters of electric energy and can be used to create secondary power sources, for example, in the design and manufacture of devices for smooth switching of a load into a network or for smooth switching of energy generated in a power network.

There are various solutions to the circuitry of secondary power sources, for example: "Switching voltage stabilizer" (USSR No. 851370, MPK-3 G05F 1/56, H02M 3/335, - 28-81 p.); "Switching voltage stabilizer" (a USSR No. 1067486, MPK-3 G05F 1/56, BV-2 10 84 p.); "Switching voltage stabilizer" (Patent of Ukraine No. 54292 A, MPK-7 G05F 1/56, bull. No. 2, 2003 p.); "Switching voltage stabilizer" (Patent of Ukraine No. 64247 A, MPK-7 G05F 1/56, H02M 3/335, H02M 7/00, bull. No. 2, 2004 p.).

A disadvantage of the known devices is the inability to use them to implement the necessary algorithm of the inventive device.

A device is known that implements "A method for smoothly controlling the magnitude and phase of an alternating current voltage" (RF Patent No. 2266608, IPC-7 H02M 3/22, H02M 7/527, G05F 1/56, published on June 10, 2004).

The essence of the utility model is to convert an AC voltage with an input frequency using an inverter into a sequence of bipolar pulses, the duration of which is regulated by the inverter keys, and the output pulse frequency is much higher than the input frequency.

A disadvantage of the known device is the inability to use it to implement the necessary algorithm of the inventive device.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result and selected as a prototype is "AC to DC Converter" (Ukrainian Patent No. 20830, IPC (2011) H02M 7/00, BV-10-97 p.). The algorithm of the device control system according to the prototype is based on the formation of disconnecting signals at an input voltage less than a specified minimum threshold value and alternately excluding transistors when the voltage reaches a specified maximum threshold value at the input of the control device. The control device can be made on the basis of a pulse-width modulator with a sawtooth reference voltage, the device comprising an input rectifier, a transformer with a secondary winding, two power transistors, an output rectifier, a capacitive filter, and a control system.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to use it to implement the necessary algorithm of the inventive device.

The objective of the utility model is the development of new circuitry for a device for smooth switching on the load with the achievement of a technical result - the implementation of a given algorithm of work.

The task is carried out by the fact that in the "Device smooth switching of the load", which includes an input rectifier, a transformer with a secondary winding, two power transistors, an output rectifier, a capacitive filter and a control system containing a pulse-width modulator and a sawtooth pulse generator, contains a pulse shaper control, synchronized with the network, a control module for the smooth switching on of triacs and a bridge bridge oscillator, in addition, a control pulse shaper, synchronized with the network, including the driving rectangular pulse generator, the pulse shaper, while the driving rectangular pulse generator is made in the form of a comparator, and the pulse shaper contains the leading edge of the negative and positive half-wave, in addition, the comparator is made on the operational amplifier, and each of the front shapers the front of the negative and positive half-wave contains an integrator, adder and integrated logic elements, while the module for controlling the smooth switching of triacs on It runs a sawtooth pulse generator, a pulse-width modulator, an on and off time generator, is made in the form of an integrator, a power amplifier with an output transformer, while a sawtooth pulse generator is made in the form of an integrator, and two pulse-width modulators are made in the form of comparators, in addition , the power amplifier is push-pull, and the self-bridge oscillator includes an input bridge rectifier, a transformer, two power transistors, an output rectifier, and a capacitive fil b, while two capacitors form a bridge circuit with two power transistors, and the transformer contains one primary winding, two control windings and three secondary windings, each of which is loaded on the rectifier bridge and a capacitor smoothing filter, while each of the control windings is loaded on a diode a rectifier and a smoothing capacitor and is connected to the emitter junction of the corresponding power transistor, one of which contains a start circuit of the oscillator, in addition, the frequency of the oscillator power transistors is chosen equal to 25 kHz, and the trigger circuit of the oscillator is designed as a resistor connected between the collector and the base of the power transistor.

The essential features of the claimed device that match the prototype are the following 5 features:

- Input rectifier;

- Transformer with secondary winding;

- Two power transistors;

- Output rectifier;

- capacitive filter;

- The control system contains a pulse-width modulator and a sawtooth pulse generator.

Distinctive features of the prototype, the essential features of the device are claimed to be the following features:

- Shaper of control pulses synchronized with the network;

- control module for smooth switching of triacs;

- A bridge bridge generator.

Private distinctive from the prototype of the essential features of the device is claimed to be the following features:

- Shaper of control pulses synchronized with the network, including a clock generator of rectangular pulses, a pulse shaper, while the clock generator of rectangular pulses is made in the form of a comparator, and the pulse shaper contains shapers of the leading edge of the negative and positive half-waves, in addition, the comparator is made on an operational amplifier, and each of the front-edge formers of the negative and positive half-wave contains an integrator, adder, and integrated logic elements;

- the triac smooth control control module includes a sawtooth pulse generator, a pulse-width modulator, an on and off time driver, is made as an integrator, a power amplifier with an output transformer, and a sawtooth pulse generator is made as an integrator, and two pulse-width modulators are made in the form of comparators, in addition, the power amplifier is made in a push-pull circuit;

- A bridge-mounted oscillator includes an input bridge rectifier, a transformer, two power transistors, an output rectifier, a capacitive filter, while two capacitors form a bridge bridge with two power transistors, and the transformer contains one primary winding, two control windings and three secondary windings, each of which loaded on a rectifier bridge and a capacitor smoothing filter, with each of the control windings loaded on a diode rectifier and a smoothing capacitor and connected to the emitter a junction transition of the corresponding power transistor, one of which contains a start circuit of the oscillator, in addition, the frequency of the oscillator on the power transistors is chosen equal to 25 kHz, and the start circuit of the oscillator is made in the form of a resistor connected between the collector and the base of the power transistor.

Between the essential features of the utility model of the claimed and the technical result, which is achieved, there is the following causal relationship.

Indeed, the new circuitry of the proposed device in comparison with the prototype can significantly simplify the device and, due to this, increase the reliability of its work and reduce material costs when replicating this device, and also allows you to successfully implement the specified algorithm of work.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information, with the identification of sources that contain information about analogues of the technical solution of the claimed, allows us to establish that the applicant has not found complete analogues that are characterized by the totality of features identical to all the essential features of the claimed device specified in the utility model formula.

Therefore, it can be argued that the utility model, it is claimed, meets the condition of patentability by the criterion of "novelty."

In addition, this utility model is industrially applicable, since the technical solution, it is claimed, can be used in the development and manufacture of secondary power supplies with a smooth load on or with a smooth on voltage generated in the network.

In FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a control pulse generator synchronized with a network; figure 2 shows a schematic electrical diagram of a control module for smooth switching triacs, and in fig. C is a schematic electrical diagram of a napis bridge autogenerator.

Consider in detail the three main blocks of the device are claimed: a shaper of control pulses synchronized with the network; control module for the smooth switching on of triacs and 5 bridgeless oscillator.

Shaper of control pulses synchronized with the network.

Shaper of control pulses synchronized with the network, including a square-wave driving pulse generator, a pulse shaper, while the square-wave driving pulse generator is made in the form of a comparator, and the pulse shaper contains negative and positive half-wave leading edge shapers.

In addition, the comparator is made on an operational amplifier, and each of the front-edge formers of the negative and positive half-wave contains an integrator, adder, and integrated logic elements.

The mains voltage is supplied to the input of the claimed device.

On the elements C1, C2, C3; VD1-VD4, VD5 assembled transformerless symmetrical power source, resistors R3, R4 are designed to create an artificial mid-point of the power source.

On the elements R1, R2, VD6, VD7, a two-way mains voltage limiter is assembled.

The mains voltage from the output of a transformerless symmetrical power source is supplied to a level limiter made on diodes VD6, VD7 and, due to a direct voltage drop on these diodes, is limited to a level of 0.7 V.

This voltage - 0.7 V - is applied to the inputs of the operational amplifier DA1, which is turned on in the comparator mode, which turns the voltage 0.7 V into a rectangular voltage, -mander - without phase shift of the initial voltage.

The comparator on DA1 is turned on in inverse mode, so its output voltage is inverse to the initial (mains) voltage.

For galvanic isolation from the network, the circuit of the device of the invention contains an SVT 101 B optocoupler, while the composite optocoupler transistor inverts a rectangular voltage and now it coincides in phase with the sinusoidal AC voltage.

For triacs installed in the load soft start circuit, the optimal variant control of the cutoff angle is to control short pulses of t> 5 μs and it is desirable that the positive half-wave — positive pulses and the negative half-wave — negative pulses.

On the DD1 and DD2 microcircuits, the leading edge shapers of negative (DD1) and positive half-wave (DD2) are assembled.

DD1-1 generates and inverts the pulses after the composite transistor of the optocoupler, and DD2-1 inverts.

The selection of the leading edge of the negative half-wave is performed on DD1-2 and DD1-3, which form the circuit of the first one-shot, while the delay line is assembled on the elements R23 and C4, and the DD1-3 element acts as the first adder - the sum of the direct and delayed inverse algebras is the front front of the input negative impulse.

The leading edge of the positive half-wave is extracted on DD2-2 and DD2-3, which form the circuit of the second one-shot, while the delay line is assembled on the elements R23 and C4, and the DD2-3 element acts as the second adder - the sum of the direct and delayed inverse algebras is the front front of the positive input pulse. Elements DD1-4, 45 DD2-4 inverting selected front edge. Control module for smooth switching triacs.

The simistor soft start control module contains a sawtooth pulse generator, a pulse-width modulator, an on and off time generator configured as an integrator, a power amplifier with an output transformer, and a sawtooth pulse generator is made as an integrator, and two pulse-width modulators are made in in the form of comparators.

In addition, the power amplifier is a push-pull circuit. Consider the operation of the control module smooth switching triacs,

Pulses are received at inputs b and from the control module; it is the leading edge of the input negative pulse (input b) and the leading edge of the input positive pulse (input c).

These pulses arrive at the stage of matching the output of the logic with +5 V power supply with a +12 V power supply.

The matching stage is performed on transistors VT1 and VT2.

The output of this cascade matches the source (12V) with the source (+12 V and -12 V) with a midpoint to ensure the operation of the sawtooth pulse generator on DA2-1 and DA3-1, assembled according to the integrator circuit.

The +12 V power supply matching stage with the +12 V and -12 V source is assembled according to the amplifier circuit on VT3, VT4.

On operational amplifiers DA2-2, DA3-2 assembled pulse-width modulators of the cutoff angle.

Operational amplifiers OA2-2, DA3-2 are included in the comparator mode when comparing the voltage, gradually increases with the sawtooth voltage, and forms a leading edge of the cutoff angle.

Shaper on and off time assembled according to the integrator scheme on the operational amplifier DA4.

If 12 V is connected to the inverse output through the resistor R29, then the voltage will drop at the output of the operational amplifier, the time of which depends on the parameters R29 and C8, that is, on the time constant of the RC circuit.

The leading edge after the pulse-width modulator is allocated using the differential chains C14, R33, R34 (C15, R31, R32).

Diodes VD17 and VD18 eliminate the negative pulse at a negative edge, leaving only a positive one.

On transistors VT5, VT6 assembled power amplifier for controlling power triacs.

The amplifier is assembled in a push-pull circuit with an isolation transformer, which ensures coordination with the input of the control triac and provides isolation with a 220 V, 50 Hz network.

Self-bridge auto generator.

The self-bridge oscillator includes a VD9-VD12 input rectifier, TV2 transformer, two power transistors VT7 and VT8, two capacitors CU and C11, which form a two-bridge circuit with two power transistors VT7 and VT8.

The TV2 transformer contains one primary winding and two control windings II and III and three secondary windings IV, V and VI, each of which is loaded on a rectifier bridge (VD17-VD20, VD21-30 VD24 and VD25-VD28) and a capacitor smoothing filter C12 , C13 and C14.

Each of control windings II and III of TV2 is loaded on a diode rectifier (VD13.VD14 and VD15.VD16) and a smoothing capacitor (C12, C13) and connected to the emitter junction of the corresponding power transistor VT7 or VT8.

One of the power transistors, for example, VT7 contains the start circuit of the oscillator.

The frequency of the oscillator on power transistors VT7 and VT8 is chosen equal to 25 kHz.

The start-up circuit of the oscillator is made in the form of a resistor R36 connected between the collector and the base of the VT7 power transistor.

The power supply unit is assembled according to the scheme of a half-bridge oscillator with an operating frequency of 25 kHz.

An alternating voltage of 220 V 50 Hz is supplied to the input of the device, it is claimed, and after the bridge rectifier on the VD9-VD12 diodes, the rectified voltage is supplied to the napis bridge autogenerator made on the capacitors CU and C11 and power transistors VT7 and VT8.

Through the start circuit of the self-oscillator, made in the form of a resistor R36, connected between the collector and the base of the VT7 power transistor, a n-bridge bridge oscillator operating at a frequency of 25 kHz is launched.

The increased conversion frequency is selected in order to reduce the overall dimensions of the TV2 transformer.

At the output of transformer TV2 there are three secondary windings IV, V and VI, each of which is loaded on its own rectifier bridge and a capacitor smoothing filter

VD17-VD20 and C12 for receiving a constant voltage of +5 V;

VD21-VD24 and C13 to obtain a constant voltage of +12 V;

VD25-VD28 and C14 to obtain a constant voltage of -12 V. Consider the operation of the inventive device.

Voltage 220 V 50 Hz is supplied to the input of the device, directly to the input of the driver of control pulses synchronized with the network, the output of which pulses is the leading edge of the input negative pulse (input b) and the leading edge of the input positive pulse (input c), inputs of the control module smooth switching triacs.

From the output of the control module for the smooth switching on of the triacs, namely, from the power amplifier for transistors VT5, VT6 assembled in a push-pull circuit with an isolation transformer, control signals are supplied to the power triacs, which ensure isolation from the 220 V, 50 Hz network.

A half-bridge oscillator provides low-voltage power to the device, it is claimed, using three supply voltages: 5 V; +12 V and -12 V.

Thus, the device, it is claimed, allows you to synchronously with the frequency of the network to perform the following technological operations:

- Smoothly connect the load to the mains voltage of 220 V, 50 Hz;

- Smoothly turn on the voltage source (for example, solar panels, the voltage of which is turned into a mains voltage of 220 V, 50 Hz) generated in an existing mains supply voltage of 220 V, 50 Hz;

- Switch on the voltage source smoothly (for example, rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, the voltage of which is turned into the mains voltage of 220 V, 50 Hz) generated in the existing mains supply voltage of 220 V, 50 Hz.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the task posed in this utility model - the development of new circuitry for the device for smooth switching on the load - is achieved with the achievement of the technical result - the implementation of the specified algorithm for smooth switching on the load.

Claims (4)

1. Device for smooth switching on the load, which includes an input rectifier, a transformer with a secondary winding, two power transistors, an output rectifier, a capacitive filter and a control system containing a pulse-width modulator and a sawtooth pulse generator, characterized in that it contains a control pulse generator, synchronized with a network, a control module for the smooth switching on of triacs and a half-bridge oscillator. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the driver of the control pulses synchronized with the network includes a driver of rectangular pulses, a driver of pulses, while the driver of the generator of rectangular pulses is made in the form of a comparator, and the driver of pulses contains the leading edge drivers negative and positive half-waves, in addition, the comparator is made on an operational amplifier, and each of the front-edge formers of the negative and positive half-waves contains an integrator, adder, and integrated logic elements. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the triac soft-drive control module includes a sawtooth pulse generator, a pulse-width modulator, an on and off time driver, made in the form of an integrator, a power amplifier with an output transformer, and a sawtooth pulse generator in the form of an integrator, and two pulse-width modulators are made in the form of comparators, in addition, the power amplifier is made in a push-pull circuit. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the half-bridge oscillator includes an input bridge rectifier, a transformer, two power transistors, an output rectifier, a capacitive filter, while two capacitors form a half bridge circuit with two power transistors, and the transformer contains one primary winding, two control windings and three secondary windings, each of which is loaded on a rectifier bridge and a capacitor smoothing filter, while each of the control windings is loaded on a diode rectifier and a smooth Capacitor and connected to the respective emitter transition of the power transistor, one of which contains the trigger oscillator circuit, moreover, the frequency of the oscillator at power transistors is chosen equal to 25 kHz, and the trigger circuit of the oscillator is designed as a resistor connected between the collector and the base of the power transistor.

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