RU146436U1 - DEVICE FOR PRODUCING DRINKING QUALITY WATER - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for purifying drinking water from mechanical impurities, characterized in that it is made in the form of an autonomous station and contains a mechanical cleaning filter, configured to separate impurities with a particle size of more than 5 μm, the outlet of which is connected to an inhibitor consumable tank and a pressure pump, while the filter and a pressure pump are connected with a reverse osmosis block made in the form of a pressure and pressureless vessel, as well as at least one low-pressure roll membrane element, made with the possibility of New separation of water into permeate and concentrate.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of water supply for collective users and can be used to obtain drinking water from surface or underground sources.

Currently, due to the unsatisfactory environmental situation, the reduction of water sources and the violation of the integrity of existing water mains and centralized water treatment systems, one of the main problems of life support has become the problem of providing the population with drinking-quality water.

This problem is especially acute in areas of natural disasters due to unforeseen disasters (earthquakes, storms, floods, droughts, etc.), destruction of the water supply system and pollution of water sources (springs, wells, rivers, ponds, etc.) by various types pollution.

For the rural population and residents of villages remote from the central water treatment plants, drinking water is either absent or becomes very expensive and unclaimed, since laying highways and building centralized water treatment plants is a very costly and long-term undertaking, and drinking-quality water, the consumption of which for drinking needs is 5-7% of the total water consumption is unclaimed due to high tariffs at a price.

For this reason, the development of new affordable methods for producing drinking-quality water and the production of autonomous stations for their implementation in order to provide the population of natural disaster areas and remote rural settlements of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with drinking-quality water, as well as providing clean water for socially significant facilities (schools, kindergartens and hospitals), is a very urgent task.

A device for reverse osmosis desalination of water, comprising introducing additives into the treated water, followed by filtering water through a reverse osmosis membrane, wherein inert carbon particles, for example fullerene or soot, are used as additives [see RU patent No. 2216521 dated January 4, 2003, C02F 1/44, November 20, 2003]. The device prevents contamination of permeate by substances added during desalination and reduces their consumption.

The disadvantages of the device include a decrease in performance due to clogging after some time the surface of the membrane with mechanical particles of additives.

A device is known by which natural water is purified, which includes two stages of mechanical treatment, desalination by reverse osmosis, after two stages of mechanical processing, sodium sulfite is dechlorinated, then water is purified by microfiltration and an inhibitor is added, desalination by reverse osmosis is carried out in two stages, after the first stage the concentrate is discarded, and an inhibitor and sodium hydroxide are added to the permeate, raising the pH to 10.4, then the second stage of desalination by reverse osmosis is carried out, and the concentrate after the second reverse osmosis stages are mixed into the stream at the inlet of the first desalination stage, and acid is added to the permeate and passed through filter-conditioners with calcium-magnesium loading [see RU patent No. 2225369, 03/13/2003, C02F 9/08, 03/10/2004].

This device provides a reduction in capital costs and maintenance costs of desalination plants, improving the quality of purified permeate water to a level consistent with WHO recommendations, including boron and hardness salts.

The disadvantages of this device include its multi-stage design and hardware complexity. In addition, the performance of the method, which is carried out by this device, is unstable and depends on the degree of contamination of reverse osmosis membranes.

A device is known by which a method of deep desalination of fresh and brackish water is carried out, including sequential processes in steps: clarification, treatment of clarified water on ion-exchange filters and desalination in the reverse osmosis stage with the removal of concentrate from each cleaning stage, while the reverse osmosis desalination process is carried out in two stages higher pressure of the purified water at each subsequent stage of desalination, and the pressure of the purified water is set at the first adia not more than 1.6 MPa and not more than 4.0 MPa in the last stage with a ratio of permeate to reverse osmosis stage concentrate within n = 7-99, the concentrate is removed from the reverse osmosis stage to regenerate ion-exchange filters, and permeate after reverse osmosis purification step is subjected to H-OH-ionization [see RU patent No. 2283288 11/23/2004, C02F 9/08, B01D 61/12, C02F 1/42, C02F 1/44,].

Achieved results are an increase in the permeate yield, a decrease in the concentrate consumption, an increase in the quality of demineralized water, a reduction in the concentrate discharges along the desalination steps, and a decrease in water consumption for the plant’s own needs.

The disadvantages include the multi-stage and complexity of the hardware design, as well as the frequency of work associated with the need to restore the working functions of the equipment.

A device is known by which a method for producing clarified water for feeding the water circulation cycles of ammonia production is carried out, which consists in taking the initial water, its subsequent clarification, flocculation, filtering from mechanical and suspended particles and supplying the plant for receiving demineralized water with nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, and as the membrane elements become contaminated, they are cleaned by feeding and soaking in time washing solutions: 50% sulfuric acid and 42% alkali or 20% sodium hypochlorite [see RU patent No. 2294794 11.25.2004, B01D 61/14, C02F 9/08, C02F 1/52, 10.03. 2007].

The use of this device provides high-quality water suitable for reliable and efficient operation of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis plants used in water treatment schemes of chemical plants.

The disadvantages include the large capital costs of preparing the water for delivery to the reverse osmosis unit.

A device for cleaning with the help of which a method of purification and disinfection of water is carried out, comprising sequentially separating mechanical impurities and contaminants from it using two pressure sorption filters and a reverse osmosis unit, working with a stop between working cycles for hydraulic cleaning of the membrane element of the reverse osmosis unit and removal of concentrate, and during idle time, the pressure channel of the membrane element (pressure capacity of the reverse osmosis unit) lnyayut filtrate (permeate) [cm. RU patent No. 2360870 10/25/2007, C02F 9/08, 07/10/2009].

The use of this device provides a unit productivity of 250-500 dm ³ / hour for 8-20 hours / day for compactly located collective users, while ensuring the quality of drinking water specified by the physicochemical properties.

Despite the fact that this method has been widely used for desalting water with various initial concentrations of dissolved substances, like all similar separation methods, it has significant drawbacks, which include its multi-stage process, the need for thorough preparation of water for reverse osmosis treatment, which entails large capital and operating costs, insufficient productivity and, consequently, the complexity of the hardware design.

For this reason, the development of technological schemes, including reverse osmosis desalination and control of their operation modes in order to reduce capital and energy costs, are paramount, relevant and in demand.

The closest in the set of essential features of the claimed design of the device is an autonomous installation for purification and disinfection of water, including a pressure sorption filter of coarse (mechanical) cleaning installed in the technological sequence, a pressure pump connected to the pressure channel of the membrane element (pressure tank) of the reverse osmosis unit, pressureless channel (pressureless tank) which is connected to the storage tank of the filtrate (permeate), while the pressure tank is reverse osmosis The unit has a single fitting for the discharge of concentrate into the drainage system and the permeate supply from the storage tank through an additional pump, and the installation control system [see RU patent No. 2360870, С02F 9/08, 07/10/2009]. The installation provides a unit productivity of 250-500 dm ³ / hour for 8-20 hours / day for compactly located collective users, while ensuring the quality of drinking water specified by the physicochemical properties.

The disadvantages of the installation include the structural complexity of its multi-stage process, which is necessary for thorough preparation of water for its subsequent treatment in the reverse osmosis unit and insufficient productivity, which decreases during the working cycle as a result of continuous operation.

The problem solved by the claimed utility model is to expand the arsenal of technological tools for producing potable water, to simplify the purification method and increase its productivity to 250-60000 dm ³ / hour for 8-20 hours / day.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the device for purifying drinking water from mechanical impurities, according to the utility model, is made in the form of an autonomous station and contains a mechanical cleaning filter configured to separate impurities with a particle size of more than 5 μm, to the outlet of which a consumable tank is connected an inhibitor and a pressure pump, while the filter and the pressure pump are connected with a reverse osmosis unit made in the form of a pressure and pressureless vessel, as well as at least one low-pressure roll me brane element adapted to separate water on the permeate and concentrate.

The technical result to which the claimed utility model is directed is to increase the reliability of the device while improving the quality of water treatment.

The utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of the claimed device.

The device, made in the form of an autonomous station, includes a mechanical (rough) cleaning filter 1 installed in the technological sequence, a pressure pump 2 connected to a pressure tank 3 of the reverse osmosis unit 4, pressureless tank 5 of which is connected to the storage tank 6 of the permeate, while the pressure tank 3 the reverse osmosis unit 4 has a single nozzle 7 for the discharge of concentrate and the supply of permeate from the storage tank 6 by means of an additional pump 8, and a control system (not shown conditionally), while mechanical cleaning filter 1 is arranged to separation of solids with particle size more than 5 microns, and to the output 9 of the filter 1 is connected mechanically cleaning supply tank 10 inhibitor.

It should be noted that the term "pressure vessel of the reverse osmosis unit" means the internal volume of pipelines adjacent to the membrane of the reverse osmosis unit 4, and where the water to be treated is concentrated. In turn, “pressure free capacity” is the internal volume of pipelines at the outlet of the membrane of the reverse osmosis unit 4, where purified water (filtrate, permeate) is concentrated.

An autonomous station for producing drinking-quality water differs from known installations in that the preparation of water for supply to the reverse osmosis unit 4 is carried out solely by means of a mechanical cleaning filter 1, which ensures the separation of mechanical impurities with a particle size of more than 5 microns. It is possible to equip the station with a supply tank 10 for supplying an inhibitor. For the rest, the station implements a unique algorithm that allows ensuring the operability of equipment, obtaining water of the required quality and sufficient productivity.

A mechanical cleaning filter 1 with a 5 micron filter rating (Sediment 5 micron) is a typical unit including a filter housing (10 '' - 20 '' Filter Housing), cartridges (10 '' - 20 '' Cartridge), a mounting bracket and a key . Among those available on the market can be noted such as filters of the ABR-1/2, 3/4 series and others, multi-cartridge filters of the AEG-C14, FYT, CF05-28 series and others. These filters are used for mechanical cleaning of rust, sand and other mechanical impurities larger than 5 microns. Their use as the main and only step for preparing water for supply to the reverse osmosis unit 4 is unknown.

A typical reverse osmosis unit 4 consists of one desal® ak reverse osmosis low pressure roll membrane element with a diameter of 8 ″ model ak8040f with an outer fiberglass coating. The block is characterized by high selectivity and low working pressure (6.9 bar) and is intended for demineralization of household and drinking water and brackish water.

The sedimentation inhibitor dosing system is a supply tank 10 and an inhibitor metering pump 15, which operates in parallel with a working source water supply pump (not shown conventionally in the diagram) and doses the precipitation inhibitor to the source water supplied through line 16. As precipitation inhibitors, for example, "Aminat D" and / or "IOMS-1" in the appropriate dose per 1 m ^{3 of} treated water.

A periodic hydraulic flushing system is implemented by using a magnetic valve 14 on the concentrate line 13. Hydraulic flushing is carried out each time the station is turned on and off, as well as at certain time intervals τ (hour) calculated for a particular water to be purified during continuous operation of the station.

The system by filling the pressure vessel 3 of the reverse osmosis unit 4 for the duration of technological breaks with the permeate (the conditional name is “rinsing with permeate”) is realized by using a magnetic valve 17 on the additional line 18 of the permeate leaving the storage tank 6 during operation of the pump 8.

Also, as part of the station for producing drinking-quality water, other standard, as a rule, standardized equipment necessary for its operation is used - a variety of taps, sensors, manometers, flow meters, non-return valves, etc. (not all are shown in the diagram).

The nominal productivity of the described autonomous station according to permeate, as mentioned above, is 0.25-60.0 m ³ / h, while the total water flow supplied to the pressure tank of the reverse osmosis unit is 0.5-90.0 m ³ / h.

Autonomous station for drinking water quality works as follows.

The source water is supplied at a pressure of 2.0-6.0 bar (atm.) To the station via line 16 through a stopcock 19. Passing successively through the mechanical cleaning filter 1, the water is cleaned of rust, sand and other mechanical impurities larger than 5 microns. Such a preliminary cleaning is necessary both for the reverse osmosis unit 4 and for the normal operation of the pump 2. At the outlet 9 of the filter 1, the required amount, for example, polyphosphates, is supplied to the prepared water from the inhibitor supply tank 10 using a metering pump 15. Then, using the pump 2, at a pressure of about 10 bar, the water prepared and charged with the inhibitor is supplied to the pressure vessel 3 of the reverse osmosis unit 4, which is one or several membrane elements 11 rolled into a roll, which depends on the required station capacity. When water passes through the membrane (s), it is divided into two streams - permeate (filtrate) and concentrate - water enriched with colloidal particles and dissolved salts, which merges into the drain (or into its own storage tank for re-passage through the station, in case of deficiency source water).

Water passing through the membrane element 11 of the reverse osmosis unit 4 is completely purified from suspended and colloidal particles, microorganisms, low molecular weight organic compounds and salts of heavy metals, salts of monovalent ions and hardness salts are removed by 90-99%. The purified water from the pressureless tank 5 of the reverse osmosis unit 4 through line 20 through the shut-off valve 21 is supplied to the storage tank 6, and from there to consumers. Part of the permeate will be used in the "conservation" of pressure vessel 3 during technological interruptions. The permeate productivity of the station is determined by the rotameter 22, and its quality is controlled by the conductivity sensor 23.

Hydraulic flushing of the membrane element 11 of the reverse osmosis unit 4 when the station is turned on, and also at certain intervals during continuous operation of the station, is carried out by using a magnetic valve 14 on the concentrate line 13. When the magnetic valve 14 is activated, the pressure in the pressure vessel 3 drops to atmospheric level. A sharp drop in pressure and an increase in the flow rate of water help to clean the surface of the membrane from contamination. After approximately 10 seconds, the solenoid valve 14 is turned off. At this time, the process of feeding permeate to the storage tank 6 from the reverse osmosis unit 4 does not stop — its pressure is simply temporarily reduced.

Hydraulic flushing of the membrane element 11 when the station is turned off for a technological break is characterized in that after its holding, the pump 2 and the magnetic valve 14 are turned off to allow filling the pressure tank 3 of the reverse osmosis unit 4 with permeate. To do this, the magnetic valve 17 is activated on the permeate supply line 18 from the storage tank 6 and the weakly acidic permeate under the pressure of the pump 8 rushes through the nozzle 7 into the pressure tank 3 with the expulsion of the water prepared for cleaning, but not yet passed out. Only after this the station can be completely turned off before the expiration of the technological break. Such an operation not only “preserves” the membrane of the reverse osmosis unit 4, preventing the deposition of salts on its surface, but also dissolves salts that were not removed as a result of hydraulic washing.

Of course, after a certain time, the filter 1 for mechanical cleaning of the station is changed to a new one, and its scheduled maintenance is carried out with flushing of lines and equipment with chemical reagents.

Passport capacity of the station is calculated at a water temperature of 25 ° C. However, the performance of the reverse osmosis unit membrane is highly dependent on the temperature of the feed water. With a decrease in water temperature by 1 ° C, permeate productivity decreases by approximately 3%. Therefore, the performance of the station should be calculated based on the actual temperature of the source water.

The amount of permeate obtained also depends on its working pressure, the concentration of salts in it, the contamination of the filter 1 mechanical cleaning and membrane element 11 of the reverse osmosis unit 4.

One station with a permeate capacity of 1.5 m ³ / h is capable of delivering up to 24 m ³ of drinking-quality water for two work shifts of 8 hours, thereby providing water to more than 12,000 people. The station in the absence of centralized energy sources (electricity with a voltage of 220 V and a frequency of 50 Hz) can operate autonomously on the basis of specially selected generators or car engines.

As a result of using the utility model, the arsenal of technological means for producing potable water was expanded - an appropriate device was developed that is affordable and easy to implement, and provides a productivity of up to 250-60000 dm ³ / hour for 8-20 hours / day.

Claims (1)

A device for purifying drinking water from mechanical impurities, characterized in that it is made in the form of an autonomous station and contains a mechanical cleaning filter, configured to separate impurities with a particle size of more than 5 μm, to the outlet of which an inhibitor consumable tank and a pressure pump are connected, while the filter and a pressure pump are connected with a reverse osmosis block made in the form of a pressure and pressureless vessel, as well as at least one low-pressure roll membrane element, made with the possibility of New separation of water into permeate and concentrate.

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