RU145037U1 - CATALYTIC CARTRIDGE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC REACTIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A catalytic cartridge for performing heterogeneous catalytic reactions with a catalyst based on a microfiber carrier, characterized in that the cartridge consists of one or more catalytic elements, in each of which the catalyst is located between two parallel layers of a structuring metal mesh with a free passage of at least 10% .2. The catalytic cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst used therein is made on the basis of glass or metal, or carbon, or mineral, or polymer microfibers, or various combinations thereof. The catalytic cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that it includes catalytic elements having the shape of flat rectangles, or polygons, or circles, or ovals. 4. The catalytic cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that it includes catalytic elements having the shape of a prism with a triangular, rectangular or polygonal section, in which the catalyst is perpendicular to the plane of the base of the prism. 5. The catalytic cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that it includes catalytic elements having the form of cylinders, ovals or spirals, in which the catalyst is located perpendicular to the plane of their base. The catalytic cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains parallel structuring layers of a flat or corrugated metal mesh, or a three-dimensional weaving metal mesh, or various combinations thereof.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of chemistry, namely to devices and systems for carrying out heterogeneous catalytic reactions and can be used for the production of various chemical products and reagents, as well as for the purification and neutralization of gaseous and liquid emissions.

A number of catalytic systems are known based on flexible structured microfiber carriers, in particular fiberglass fabrics, the use of which in a number of catalytic reactions is extremely promising. (RF patents No. 2069584, B01J 23/38, B01J 23/70, 1996.11.27; No. 2289565, C07C 7/167, 2006.12.20; No. 2252208, C07C 19/01, C07C 19/045; 2005.05.20, No. 2250890, C07C 17/10, C07C 19/01, 2005.04.27; No. 2250891, 07C 21/06, C07C 17/25, 2005.04.27; No. 2252915, C01B 17/78, B01J 23/56, 2005.05.27) .

At the same time, there is the task of finding the optimal method for the location of such a catalyst in the reaction volume, which ensures the maximum efficiency of the reaction (achieving high conversions of the starting reagents and conversion selectivities) in a moving gas, liquid or gas-liquid reaction stream with the minimum dimensions of the contact device (reactor ) and minimum hydraulic resistance to the reaction flow.

A device for carrying out heterogeneous catalytic reactions, comprising a rectangular housing, inside which there is a combustion chamber with a burner and a pipe for supplying ventilation emissions, a chamber survived with a catalytic element, the catalytic element is made of several layers of fiberglass fabric activated by metals and / or their oxides, which are stretched through the rods fixed in the case in two rows in a checkerboard pattern (Pat. RF №2171430, F23G 7/06, 07.27.2001). This arrangement of the catalyst allows for relative compactness of the device while maintaining a low hydraulic resistance of the catalyst layer to the flow of the reaction mixture.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the installation and replacement of the catalyst, as well as the difficulty of sealing the edges of the layer, which can lead to the slip of unreacted reaction mixture past the catalyst layer along the walls of the catalytic reactor, reducing its efficiency. In addition, the dimensions and metal consumption of the device are not low enough.

Also known is a catalytic system with a radial layer of fiberglass material, containing at least one layer of flexible fibrous catalyst and a support and distribution symmetrical device, the axial line of which either coincides with the direction of flow of the reaction mixture or deviates from it by an angle of not more than 30 °, where the catalyst installed on the partially or completely permeable to the flow of the reaction mixture of the side surface of the device (US Pat. RF No. 2200622, B01J 8/04, 2003.03.20). The system is characterized by low hydraulic resistance and high reaction efficiency.

The disadvantages of this system are, in some cases, insufficient reaction efficiency due to insufficiently uniform distribution of the reaction flow over the bed area, and also because of the possibility of diffusion breakthrough of the reagents associated with a small catalyst layer thickness (implementation of the ideal mixing mode). In addition, such a system is not compact enough.

A known catalytic system for carrying out heterogeneous reactions in a moving reaction stream, consisting of a flexible microfiber catalytic material, in the form of flat cloths either woven, or woven or pressed, and a structure-forming element in which the catalytic material is formed in a spiral, and the structure-forming element is located between the turns spirals, providing a distance between them from 0.5 to 10 mm (Pat. RF for utility model No. 66975, B01J 8/00, 2007.10.10). The application of the described system provides high efficiency of catalytic reactions, low hydraulic resistance of the system to the flow of the reaction mixture while ensuring uniform distribution of the reaction mixture flow over the system cross section and preventing diffusion breakthroughs of the reagents through the catalyst bed.

The disadvantage of this system is the cylindrical external shape of such systems, which, when large catalyst layers are formed from many such systems, leads to the inevitable appearance of empty passages between them. The volume of such passages can reach 40-50% of the total volume of the formed catalyst layer, which leads to its insufficient compactness. In addition, there is a need to seal these passages to prevent breakthroughs of the reaction stream past the catalytic systems, which greatly complicates the procedure for loading and unloading the catalyst in catalytic reactors.

A catalytic system for carrying out heterogeneous reactions in a moving reaction stream, consisting of alternately alternating layers of flexible microfiber catalytic material, in the form of woven, or woven or pressed flat webs, and layers of a volumetric structural element permeable to the reaction stream, characterized in that it is made in the form prisms of a polygonal section, in which layers of a flexible catalytic material and structure-forming element are perpendicular to the section th system at a distance of 1-20 mm from each other (Pat. Russian Federation for utility model №101652, B01J 8/00, 2011.01.27). Such systems are characterized by a higher packing density and the ability to carry out a catalytic reaction in a compact reactor with very small dimensions and metal consumption. At the same time, the mechanical stability of the catalyst layer is ensured, which makes it possible to arrange the systems in any geometric orientation (vertically, horizontally, etc.), which significantly expands the possibilities of their practical application.

The disadvantage of such systems is their insufficiently low hydraulic resistance at high reaction flow rates, as well as the risk of clogging cartridges with solid mechanical impurities during their operation in heavily polluted streams.

The utility model solves the problem of developing a catalytic cartridge for heterogeneous reactions with a catalyst based on a microfiber carrier, which provides compact and technologically simple packing of the catalyst in large catalyst layers, while maintaining high efficiency of the catalytic reactions, low hydraulic resistance of the catalyst layer to the flow of the reaction mixture and preventing clogging solid mechanical impurities during their work in a heavily contaminated reaction nnyh streams.

The problem is solved in that the catalytic cartridge for carrying out heterogeneous catalytic reactions with a catalyst based on a microfiber carrier consists of one or more catalytic elements, in each of which the catalyst is located between two parallel layers of a structuring metal mesh with a free passage of at least 10%.

Moreover, the catalyst used in it can be made on the basis of glass or metal, or carbon, or mineral, or polymer microfibers, or various combinations thereof.

The catalytic elements in the cartridge can be in the form of flat rectangles or polygons, or circles, or ovals.

In addition, the elements can be in the form of a prism with a triangular, rectangular or polygonal section, or in the form of cylinders or spirals in which the catalyst is perpendicular to the plane of the base of the prism.

The cartridge may include catalytic elements in the form of cylinders, ovals or spirals, in which the catalyst is perpendicular to the plane of their base.

The cartridge may include parallel structuring layers of a flat or corrugated metal mesh, or a three-dimensional weaving metal mesh, or various combinations thereof.

The technical result of the utility model is that the described elements allow the formation of cartridges without additional internal structural structures, as well as with large channels for the passage of the reaction mixture, which provides extremely low hydraulic resistance of the cartridges, as well as the possibility of their use in highly contaminated reaction flows without risk their clogging with solid mechanical impurities.

A utility model is illustrated in FIG. 1, which depicts design options described cartridge.

In FIG. Figure 1a shows catalytic elements made of a layer of catalytic microfiber fiberglass and two parallel layers of a corrugating and flat metal mesh.

In FIG. 1b shows an example of a combination of such planar and corrugated elements constituting a catalyst cartridge.

The catalytic cartridge can also be a prismatic structure consisting of triangular prismatic elements (Fig. 1c) and trapezoidal (Fig. 1d) shape.

It is possible to form a cylindrical cartridge with elements in the form of flat parallel plates (Fig. 1e), concentric cylinders (Fig. 1e), spirals (Fig. 1g) and a combination of perpendicularly arranged flat plates (Fig. 1h).

The described approach to the formation of catalytic cartridges also allows you to create a large number of other designs.

An important advantage of cartridges is the possibility of compact and technologically simple packaging of a catalyst based on microfiber support in catalytic reactors of any size and any geometry.

To ensure efficient heterogeneous catalytic reactions with a high degree of conversion of the components of the initial reaction mixture in compact reactors, the catalyst can be made in the form of a flexible microfiber material formed in the form of flexible microfiber structures. Such structures, made in the form of woven, woven or pressed materials, contain catalytically active microfibers consisting of a microfiber carrier and a catalytically active component. In this case, microfibers of glass, carbon, inorganic oxides, metals, polymers, etc. are used as carriers, and noble and base metals, their oxides, and other catalytically active substances are used as catalytically active components. In particular, for the catalytic reaction can be used catalysts based on fiberglass, containing as active components at least one of the noble metals (for example, Pat. US No. 3929671; Pat. RF No. 2069584, 2289565, 2252208, 2250890, 2250891, 2252915, etc.).

The use of the described cartridge provides high efficiency of catalytic reactions, low hydraulic resistance of the cartridge to the flow of the reaction mixture and minimal risk of clogging with solid mechanical impurities when used in heavily contaminated reaction streams, while ensuring uniform distribution of the reaction mixture flow over the cross section of the cartridge and preventing diffusion slips of the reagents through the layer catalyst.

In addition, the use of the described cartridges allows for a catalytic reaction in a compact reactor with very small dimensions and metal consumption. This also ensures the mechanical stability of the catalyst layer, which allows the cartridges to be placed in any geometric orientation (vertically, horizontally, etc.), which significantly expands the possibilities of their practical application, as well as making it possible to form catalyst packages of any size and any geometry.

Claims (6)

1. A catalytic cartridge for carrying out heterogeneous catalytic reactions with a catalyst based on a microfiber carrier, characterized in that the cartridge consists of one or more catalytic elements, in each of which the catalyst is located between two parallel layers of a structural metal mesh with a free passage of at least 10% . 2. The catalytic cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst used in it is made on the basis of glass or metal, or carbon, or mineral, or polymer microfibers, or various combinations thereof. 3. The catalytic cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that it includes catalytic elements having the shape of flat rectangles, or polygons, or circles, or ovals. 4. The catalytic cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that it includes catalytic elements having the shape of a prism with a triangular, rectangular or polygonal section, in which the catalyst is perpendicular to the plane of the base of the prism. 5. The catalytic cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that it includes catalytic elements having the form of cylinders, ovals or spirals, in which the catalyst is located perpendicular to the plane of their base. 6. The catalytic cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains parallel structuring layers of a flat or corrugated metal mesh, or a three-dimensional weaving metal mesh, or various combinations thereof.