RU143549U1 - DEVICE FOR GASIFICATION OF CARBON-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for the gasification of carbon-containing raw materials, including a vertical housing with a cover through which a gas outlet is passed to remove product gas and a vertical shaft connected to its rotation drive with blades mounted on it interacting with gratings fixed in the housing, eccentrically placed in the upper part housing unit loading of raw materials located in the lower part of the casing of the ash pan with means for outputting slag, while the device includes a zone of high-temperature gasification of raw materials with installed plasma torches and means for introducing a gasifying agent in it, characterized in that the vertical case of the device is elongated with the creation of medium and low temperature gasification zones above the zone of high-temperature gasification; with holes of different sizes arranged in a circle with the size of their flow area gradually increasing from the loading zone in the direction of rotation of the shaft, while nozzles for supplying water and catalysts are placed under the lower grill of the above package. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the low-temperature gasification zone has a temperature of 300-500 ° C, the medium-temperature gasification zone has a temperature of 600-800 ° C, and the high-temperature gasification zone has a temperature of 1400-1600 ° C. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional package of alternating blade units and grids installed in the medium temperature gas

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The inventive utility model relates to devices for processing solid carbon-containing raw materials, including agricultural waste and household waste, to produce methane-containing fuel gas.

State of the art

A device for the thermal processing of household waste (see patent SU 1836603, IPC: F23G 5/00, publ. 08.23.93 g), containing a shaft furnace with an inner lining, in the upper part of which there is a loading device with a mechanism for mixing raw materials, placed in fuel burners and plasmatrons, channels for supplying an oxidizing agent to the reaction zone in the form of oxygen, air, water vapor, etc. at two levels in height of the shaft. and at the same time the lower part of the shaft goes into the bath to collect and release the molten slag. Mixing of raw materials is carried out in a sealed storage tank of the loading device, i.e. before the process of thermal processing of raw materials, and, accordingly, it does not affect the physical and chemical conditions of the combustion process and the formation of gas.

The main disadvantage of the known solution is the short residence time of the processed material in the reaction zone, equal to the time of its fall, which leads to incomplete gasification of the feedstock. Raw materials that are not decomposed in the zone of plasma jets continue the process of decomposition in the bath on the surface of the melt, while the gases formed pass through the melt.

Known gasifier for solid fuel (see patent RU 2315083, IPC: C10J 3/20, publ. 20.01.2008), containing a reactor in the form of a body of revolution with a vertical axis, with a solid fuel loading device in the upper part and slag and gas unloading devices - at the bottom. The height of the housing, at several levels, contains burner devices with means for ignition and stabilization of combustion and devices for supplying steam, forming several stages of raw material combustion. The oxidizer is supplied to the first stage of combustion.

The disadvantage of the gasifier according to patent RU 2315083 is that the movement of raw materials carried out under the influence of gravity is unlimited, therefore, the time spent in the plasma gasification zone is insufficient for efficient processing.

Both of the devices described above have high performance, but do not differ in the high efficiency of the use of the raw material resource, while working only with well-dried and ground raw materials, which complicates the technology for producing gas and increases its cost.

Technical solutions are known from the prior art that solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of processing carbon-containing feedstock into synthesis gas by increasing the residence time of the feedstock in the reaction space.

Known gasifier of solid fuel, see patent RU 2232347, IPC: F23G 5/027, publ. 07/10/2004., Containing a shaft furnace, in the upper part of which there is a loading device and a pipe for sampling product gas, in the lower part - a pipe for supplying a gasifying agent and a device for accumulating and removing solid processed products, i.e. ashes. The furnace shaft is made integral and has fixed upper and lower sections and intermediate sections made with the possibility of rotation around the vertical axis of the gasifier, relative to the upper and lower sections. In the lining of each intermediate section, the ends of the thermal storage elements intersecting the internal cavity of the section are fixed. Material falling from top to bottom is retained by the thermal storage rods of the intermediate sections, which contribute to better heat transfer and provide mixing of the raw materials due to the rotation of the sections, which together contributes to the intensification of the gasification process.

As a disadvantage of the known solution, it is possible to note the complexity of the technical implementation of the movable sections, due to the requirements of sealing the reaction space.

Gasifier solutions are known in which, in order to increase the yield of fuel gas and to increase the time of exposure to oxidizing factors, movable gratings or perforated partitions are installed in the furnace chamber at several levels in height that completely or partially cover its cross section (see patent SU 1698575, IPC : F23G 5/00, publ. 15.12.91 g, patent US 4732091, IPC: F23G 5/027, publ. 22.03.88 g, or patent US 4201141, IPC: F23G 5/04, publ. 06.05.80 g) . Mentioned gratings and partitions hold the material for a predetermined period of time, while the holes made in these elements serve to allow the passage of hot reaction gases from the bottom of the furnace and their interaction with the material lying on the gratings or partitions. After a predetermined period of time and at the signal of the control device, the grill or partition rotates relative to the horizontal shaft on which it is mounted (see, for example, patents: SU 1698575 and US 4201141), or extends from the furnace space, moving in a horizontal plane, as for example, in the invention according to the patent US 4732091. Such a constructive solution of the gasifier provides pouring of material onto the downstream lattice (partition), where it is also exposed to heat for a given industrial spooky time.

The disadvantage of these solutions is the presence of a large number of drives for moving the grilles and a complex control system for them.

As a prototype of the inventive device for the gasification of carbon-containing raw materials, a gas generator was made, the design of which is disclosed in the patent for utility model RU 85984, (IPC: F23B 30/00, C10J 3/20, F23G 5/027, published on 08/20/2009) The prototype is characterized by the following features similar to those of the claimed gasification device, namely: the presence of a vertical casing with a lid, in the upper part of which, eccentrically relative to the vertical axis of the casing, there is a pipe for loading raw materials, in the lower part there is an ash pan with a device let the slag; the presence of a zone of high-temperature gasification of raw materials; the presence in the design of a means of supplying gasifying agents and a venting means for removing synthesis gas; the presence of a device for mixing the raw material, which includes a vertical shaft mounted in the cover of the housing with the possibility of rotation with paddle mixers mounted on it at different levels, each of which interacts with the grating fixedly installed under it, while the said shaft is passed through the central hole of the upper grate. For the operation of the mixers, one drive is used, located on the housing cover. The rotation of the mixers is carried out constantly, which does not require a special control system.

In the aforementioned device, one “stirrer-grate” pair is located in the zone of high-temperature gasification of raw materials, the other in the lower afterburning zone of raw materials. The raw materials transported by the mixers along the surface of the gratings, as it burns out, wakes up through the openings of the gratings into the underlying processing section.

A significant drawback of the said gas generator is the need to use pre-prepared dried raw materials, which are immediately supplied to the zone of high-temperature gasification, where it fills almost the entire volume of the body. Gasification processes occur mainly in the lower part of the mass of raw materials, in the zone of supply of the high-temperature gasification agent. Moreover, the passage of the resulting reaction fuel gases through the thickness of the material is difficult. The intensity of mixing the raw materials with mixers located at the very bottom, under the thickness of the material and in each zone is low, and the loads on these mixers and on their rotation drive are significant. The raw materials lying on top, immediately below the loading device, practically do not undergo gasification until they go down. The device according to patent RU 85984 has low productivity and low gasification efficiency, and in the case of using unprepared and moist raw materials it is completely inoperative.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical result achieved by using the claimed utility model is to increase the productivity of gasification processes while ensuring the efficiency of processing carbon-containing raw materials and increasing the yield of the final product - fuel gas.

The above technical result was achieved due to the fact that in the device for gasification of carbon-containing raw materials, including a vertical housing with a cover through which a gas outlet is passed to remove the product gas and a vertical shaft connected to the drive of its rotation with mounted blades interacting with motionless mounted in the housing gratings, as well as containing a feed loading unit eccentrically located in the upper part of the casing, an ash pan located in the lower part of the casing with withdrawal means ka, and the device includes a zone of high-temperature gasification of raw materials with plasma torches and means for introducing a gasifying agent installed in it, according to the claimed utility model, the vertical housing of the device is extended with the creation of zones of medium-temperature and low-temperature gasification above the zone of gasification, the said blades and gratings are placed in the zone low-temperature gasification in the form of a package of alternating blade assemblies and grids made with circularly arranged different Dimensions openings with the size of the flow cross section gradually increases from the raw material feed zone in the shaft rotation direction, wherein under the bottom grating of the above packet has nozzles for supplying water and catalysts.

The creation of a low-temperature gasification zone in the device design with a slow movement of raw materials in this zone, which is achieved by installing the above package of alternating blade assemblies and grids, allows for the efficient destruction of carbon-containing raw materials to produce methane-containing fuel gas already at the initial stage of processing. This achieves an increase in the intensity of high-temperature gasification of raw materials while reducing energy costs for the gasification process.

Additional positive results of the proposed solution compared to the prototype are: reduced loads on the drive rotation of the blade nodes, ensuring simplicity of design and manufacturability of the assembly and maintenance of the device.

The most optimal design of the device with the creation of a zone of low-temperature gasification, which has a temperature of 300-500 ° C, while the zone of medium-temperature gasification has a temperature of 600-800 ° C, and the zone of high-temperature gasification has a temperature of 1400-1600 ° C.

The invention can be performed with an additional package of alternating blade units and grids installed in the zone of medium temperature gasification. In this case, it is necessary to install additional nozzles for supplying water and catalysts at the level of transition from the high-temperature zone to the medium-temperature gasification zone.

One of the specific designs may be a variant of the device in which the shaft is made up of an upper half shaft connected to the drive and a lower half with blade units fixed to it, connected to the upper half shaft by a collapsible joint. This improves the performance and manufacturability of the product, provides ease of installation and subsequent maintenance, as it allows the assembly of the device in the following order. With the cover of the device removed, the grilles and blade assemblies are inserted into the housing one by one (with the first lattice resting on the ledge of the housing), and then the cover with the shaft and its drive is installed, during the installation of which the shaft is passed through the grilles and blade assemblies. Rigid communication with the blade units and the possibility of free rotation of the shaft relative to the gratings is provided by known solutions.

It is preferable to make each grate in the form of an inverted flat glass. The lattice holes in this case will be in the bottom of the glass, its side surface will serve as a support for installing the lattice in the casing. In the central part of the grating, i.e. concentrically on the side surface there is a hub with a through hole for free passage of the shaft. With this design of the lattice, the design of the blade assembly will be a flat cylinder with blades radially located in its volume, one end of which is fixed to the cylinder, and the other on a hub concentrically mounted in its volume and rigidly connected to the shaft. The lateral surface of the glass blade unit also prevents the spillage of raw materials along the wall of the housing.

The implementation of the lattice with stiffeners fixed between the side surface of the glass and its hub eliminates the vertical deflection of this node in the body volume.

Lattices can be in the form of sectors or radial slots, and heat-resistant metals or ceramic materials can be used for the manufacture of lattices and blade units.

The supply of blades overlays, mounted on their working faces and interacting with the surface of the corresponding lattice, helps to reduce friction between these elements while maintaining the efficiency of movement of raw materials in the volume of the device. The presence of overlays makes it possible to exclude large unmilled solid residues from entering slotted gaps between the blades and the plane of the grating with which they interact, and to prevent the mixer from jamming and shaft stopping.

These pads can be made of heat-resistant felt perforated material, or of another heat-resistant mesh material.

A private feature of the claimed device is the implementation of the lower half shaft with a cross-section in the form of a polyhedron, mainly with a square cross-section, while the hub of the blade assembly is made with a hole having a shape that is reciprocal to the shape of the shaft.

The place of loading of raw materials into the device, which first hits the upper grate, is characterized by an eccentric position, i.e. offset from the central axis of the housing, which is achieved by the corresponding installation of the loading pipe.

Under the "place of loading of raw materials" for the lower lattices is meant the place of the fall of the largest portion of raw materials, waking up through the largest hole in the upper lattice.

The installation of plasma torches in the zone of high-temperature gasification of raw materials allowed to increase the operating temperature in this zone to 1400 ° -1600 ° C. In this case, plasma torches (plasmatrons) can be placed at several levels along the height of the shaft of the housing.

The claimed invention achieves complete processing (decomposition) of carbon-containing raw materials, while there is no carbon in the mineral-ash residue (used, for example, in the production of building materials). This result in the claimed invention was achieved by the presence in the device of a zone of low-temperature gasification with slow movement of raw materials in it, and a water (steam) curtain created by nozzles for supplying water and catalysts separated from the zone of medium-temperature and high-temperature gasification. These nozzles are located under the lower lattice of a package of alternating blade units and lattices installed in the zone of low-temperature gasification.

High-temperature reactions taking place in the lower part of the reactor provide hot reaction gas with high activity, the gas activity being increased due to the use of plasma torches and elevated temperature. Rising and falling into the range of the above nozzles, the reaction gas is additionally saturated with steam and catalysts and rises to the upper part of the reactor, ensuring the efficiency of low-temperature gasification of the feedstock loaded into the reactor.

The low temperature zone is characterized by a temperature of 350-500 ° C. The feed loaded into the reactor enters the surface of the upper lattice of the mixing device and moves along its surface with blades. The lattice holes are made of different sizes and are arranged in a circle in a circle with it taken into account, namely, they are ordered and arranged in a circle with a gradual increase in the bore from the loading point in the direction of rotation of the mixers. Due to this design of the holes of the gratings, most of the raw materials are retained on each grate for a longer time.

The retention of raw materials in this zone for at least 1-5 minutes contributes to its longer and more effective interaction with highly active agents: hydrogen-containing gas, steam and catalysts coming from the bottom of the reactor through the through holes of the gratings and technological gaps, and contributes to efficient destruction (decomposition) of carbon-containing raw materials to produce fuel gas with a high methane content.

Thus, the proposed design provides the possibility of decomposition of most of the raw materials already at the stage of low-temperature gasification with an increase in the total yield of methane-containing fuel gas. Subsequent high-temperature gasification completes the process of afterburning of raw materials, ensuring complete decomposition of the hot coke-ash residue coming from the low-temperature processing stage. At the same time, high-temperature gasification requires significantly lower energy costs for its implementation, in comparison with the methods used, where untreated raw materials are fed to the high-temperature processing stage.

The design of the grids not only ensures the retention of raw materials in the low-temperature zone, but also contributes to its distributed portioned flow from top to bottom inside the device itself, while the raw materials are mixed. As you move along the surface of the grate, the raw material wakes up in small portions through the holes in the subsequent processing compartment, the portion sizes are determined by the passage section of the grate openings. First, a small portion wakes up, then more and the last part of the raw material that undergoes the greatest decomposition wakes up through the largest hole. In this case, the radially elongated shape of the holes, preferably in the form of a sector or gap, facilitates the redistribution (stretching) of the raw material in the reactor volume.

As a result, the feed is distributed in time and in space (in volume) of the reactor. Spreading the raw materials in small portions, similar to spraying, contributes to its more complete decomposition both in the package of alternating paddle mixers and gratings, and in the zone of plasma torches, and helps to reduce the cost of high-temperature gasification of coke-ash residue.

The nozzles for supplying water not only provide a gasifying agent and catalysts, they are used to regulate the temperature regime of the zone of low-temperature gasification.

In some cases, it is advisable to install additional gratings and paddle mixers in the middle part of the body, in the zone of medium temperatures 800-1200 ° C, which is located between the zone of high-temperature gasification and nozzles for supplying water and catalysts. An additional lattice is installed on supporting platforms (or ledges) formed on the inner wall in the said part of the housing, and an additional mixer is fixed on the same shaft with the rest of the mixers of the device for mixing raw materials.

As a result, between the zones of low-temperature and high-temperature gasification, so-called zone of medium temperature gasification. The delay of the semi-coke coming from the zone of low-temperature gasification in this zone also contributes to the efficiency of processing of raw materials and increase the yield of product gas.

All parts of the device for mixing raw materials are preferably made of heat-resistant metals and ceramic materials, which ensures their long and continuous operation under high-temperature aggressive effects of the vapor-gas mixture formed under the action of plasmatrons. The internal volume of the housing is made with heat-resistant lining.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed technical solution allows to expand the range of raw materials used.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The feasibility of the industrial feasibility of the proposed technical solution is confirmed by the following example, illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - the proposed device, a General view with a partial section;

in FIG. 2 is a fragment of FIG. 1 shows a low temperature gasification zone;

in FIG. 3 is a section A-A of FIG. 2;

in FIG. 4 and 5 - possible variants of the holes of the gratings are presented;

in FIG. 6 is a section BB of FIG. 5;

in FIG. 7 - shows an example implementation of the device with an additional delay of raw materials in the zone of medium temperatures.

Utility Model Implementation

The proposed device for gasification of carbon-containing raw materials contains (see Fig. 1) a vertical housing 1 with a refractory lining 2, closed on top by a cover 3, in which a gas outlet 4 is installed to remove product gas.

In the housing 1, successively placed from top to bottom: a feed loading unit 5 located offset from the central axis of the housing to the periphery, a low-temperature gasification zone 6 with a device for mixing the raw materials, nozzles 7 for supplying water and catalysts placed under it, a high-temperature gasification zone 8 with plasma burners 9 placed at two levels in height, and nozzles 10 for introducing a gasifying agent (air, steam, etc.), and an ash pan 11 with a slag removal device.

A device for mixing raw materials includes (see Fig. 2) a vertical shaft 12 mounted in a cover 3 of the housing rotatably connected to a rotation drive from an engine 13 located on the cover 3 of the housing, blade units 14 and 15, and lattices 16 located under them and 17, respectively.

The shaft 12 has a square cross section. Each blade unit (14, 15) has a central part - a hub or a sleeve - with a central hole of the reciprocal shape shaft on which the blades are fixed. The number of blades is insignificant and can range from 1 to 8. In the above example, three blades are shown (see Fig. 3), each of which is equipped with plates 18 made of heat-resistant felt perforated or mesh material.

The grilles (16, 17) have the shape of an inverted cup, in the central part of which a hub 19 is made with a hole 20 for the shaft 12, corresponding in height to the side wall 21, forming a support for installation in the housing. Around the central hole 20 in the flat part of the glass are made of differently sized radially elongated holes 22 (hereinafter referred to as slotted holes) arranged in a circle with a gradual increase in the size of the passage section.

The holes 22 can be of any shape, but it is preferable to make them in the form of a sector (see Fig. 4) or in the form of a radially elongated gap (see Fig. 5, 6).

The grilles may be provided with stiffeners 23 connecting the central hub 19 of the lattice with its side wall 21 in the space between the openings 22.

A device for mixing raw materials is collected as follows.

In the shaft housing 1 with the cover 3 removed, the lower grill 17 is mounted with the support of its cylindrical side wall (surface) 21 on the supporting platforms (ledges) 24 formed on the inner lining 2 of the housing. Install the shaft 12, placing its end in the Central hole 20 of the lattice 17. Then on the shaft 12 sequentially strung the blade assembly 15, including the sleeve 25, the grill 16 and the blade assembly 14 with a sleeve 26 having a similar execution 25.

The lattice 16 is rotated so that its smallest hole 22 is located first along the rotation of the blades from the place 27 of the load (drop of raw materials). The lower lattice 17 is rotated relative to the lattice 16 in the direction opposite to the rotation of the shaft 12. At the same time, its slotted holes 22 are located in the spaces between the slotted holes of the lattice 16, and the largest slotted hole of the upstream lattice 16 is placed in front of the smallest slotted hole of the lower lattice 17, in the direction of rotation of the shaft . All downstream gratings of the device are displaced in the same way.

In some cases (see Fig. 7) in the middle part of the housing 1 in the medium temperature zone 27 (medium temperature gasification) located between the nozzles 7 for supplying water and catalysts and the high temperature gasification zone 8, an additional pair is installed, consisting of a grid 28 and a blade node 29, or a whole package of additional gratings and blade units, made similar to the package placed in the zone of low-temperature gasification 6.

In this case, the assembly of the device begins with the installation of the bottom package or pair. In the FIG. 7 example, the lattice 28 is installed with the support of its cylindrical side wall 21 on the supporting pads 30 formed on the inner lining 2 of the housing below the nozzles 7. The shaft 12 is placed in the Central hole 20 of the lattice 28 and put on the shaft 12 of the blade unit 29. Lower on the shaft 12 the lattice 17 of the upper package and install it based on the ledges 24 of the housing. Next, the assembly of the device occurs in the above order.

The gratings and paddle assemblies located in the medium temperature zone 27 have a smaller diameter compared to the gratings and mixers of the upper package placed in the low-temperature gasification zone 6.

At the end of the assembly, the upper end of the shaft 12 is passed through the bearing support in the cover 3 and connected to the drive.

The design of the device for mixing raw materials is simple and technologically advanced in assembly, it is easy to install, repair and maintain.

At the end, the cover 3 is connected to the housing 1, while the presence of heat-resistant sealing elements ensures the tightness of the structure. Through the side hole in the upper part of the housing 1, the pipe of the loading unit 5 with a feeder for dosed loading of raw materials is pushed in. The device is ready to go.

The device operates as follows.

The raw materials under the influence of the reciprocating movement of the feeder rod is fed to the upper grate 16, falling on the grate near its smallest slit hole (see Fig. 3, item 27), and is moved by the blades 14 along the surface of the grate. As it moves, the feed gradually wakes up through the openings 22 in the lower compartment to the lower lattice 17, while the feed enters the surface of the grill 17 between its openings 22, and moves by the vanes 15. During operation, the linings 18 of the vanes are deflected, directing solid residues of the raw materials to the openings 22 gratings and excluding jamming of the blades.

The placement and execution of the holes of the gratings contributes to a gradual increase in the number of waking up raw materials from the hole to the hole. The elongated shape of the holes helps stretch the waking portion in the body volume.

The speed of rotation of the shaft and the blades is relatively low from 1 to 10 revolutions per minute, which, combined with the design of the mixing device, ensures a delay of the feedstock in zone 6 of low-temperature gasification. The relatively long residence time of the raw materials in the temperature zone of 350-500 ° C for 1-5 minutes, under the influence of a high-temperature hydrogen-containing vapor-gas mixture, rising from the bottom of the reactor from below and passing through the openings of the gratings, provides thermochemical destruction of the feedstock to produce fuel gas with high methane content. The level of this temperature is regulated by blowing water through nozzles 7 located in the housing under the lower grill 17.

The raw material waking up through the openings of the lattice 17, which is a semi-coke, can additionally linger in the medium temperature zone 27 (see the example in Fig. 7). Here the so-called medium-temperature gasification of raw materials, while the process of medium-temperature gasification proceeds similarly to the aforementioned low-temperature gasification processes. The delay of raw materials in the zone of 27 average temperatures contributes to an additional increase in the efficiency of decomposition of raw materials. The number of lattice-blade pairs installed in zone 27 is determined from specific tasks.

The unreacted part of the feed, in the form of a coke-ash residue, wakes up through the openings of the lower lattice of the feed mixing device (17 or 28) and goes down, falling into zone 8 of high-temperature gasification, where, under the influence of the thermal energy of the plasma torches 9 and the vapor-air mixture coming from the nozzles 10, residual carbon conversion: organic molecules decompose into hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide in the presence of water vapor. The resulting hydrogen-containing vapor-gas mixture with a temperature of 1400-1700 ° C rises to the upper part of the reactor, and the molten mineral-ash residue falls to the lower part - ash-pan 11, where it is cooled by air and water with the outlet of the granulate, which is non-toxic non-leachable material and can be used in the production of building materials.

The resulting product gas is discharged through the pipe 4 in the upper part of the housing, subjected to cooling and purification from resins, moisture and dust for possible further use as fuel for generating heat and electricity. The liquid-resin fraction separated during the cleaning process is returned to the gasifier for re-gasification. The proposed gasifier has a relatively simple design and at the same time high productivity and efficiency.

Claims (13)

1. Device for gasification of carbon-containing raw materials, including a vertical housing with a cover through which a gas outlet is passed to remove product gas and a vertical shaft connected to its rotation drive with blades mounted on it, interacting with gratings fixed in the housing, eccentrically placed in the upper part housing unit loading of raw materials located in the lower part of the casing of the ash pan with means for outputting slag, while the device includes a zone of high-temperature gasification of raw materials with installed plasma torches and means for introducing a gasifying agent, characterized in that the vertical housing of the device is elongated to create medium and low temperature gasification zones above the high-temperature gasification zone, the said blades and gratings are placed in the low-temperature gasification zone in the form of a package of alternating blade units and gratings with holes of different sizes arranged in a circle with the size of their flow area gradually increasing from the loading zone rye in the direction of rotation of the shaft, while under the lower grill of the above package placed nozzles for supplying water and catalysts. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the low-temperature gasification zone has a temperature of 300-500 ° C, the medium-temperature gasification zone has a temperature of 600-800 ° C, and the high-temperature gasification zone has a temperature of 1400-1600 ° C. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional package of alternating blade units and grids installed in the medium temperature gasification zone, while additional nozzles for supplying water and catalysts are installed at the level of transition from the high temperature zone to the medium temperature gasification zone . 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft is made up of a composite upper shaft connected to the drive and a lower shaft with blade assemblies fixed to it and connected to the upper half shaft by a collapsible joint. 5. The device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that each lattice is made in the form of an inverted flat glass, in the bottom of which holes are formed, its lateral surface forms a support for installing the lattice in the housing, and a hub with a through hole is made in the central part for free the passage of the shaft, with each blade unit made in the form of a flat cylinder with radially arranged blades in its volume, one end of which is mounted on the cylinder and the other on a hub concentrically mounted in its volume and rigidly connected to the shaft. 6. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the lattice is made with stiffeners fixed between the side surface of the glass and the hub of the lattice. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings of the gratings are in the form of sectors. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings of the gratings are in the form of radial slots. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gratings and blade units are made of heat-resistant metals or ceramic materials. 10. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the blades are equipped with overlays fixed to their working faces and interacting with the surface of the corresponding lattice. 11. The device according to p. 10, characterized in that the pads are made of heat-resistant felt perforated material. 12. The device according to p. 10, characterized in that the pads are made of heat-resistant mesh material. 13. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the lower half shaft is made with a cross section in the form of a polyhedron, while the hub of the blade unit is made with an opening reciprocating to the shape shaft.