RU140830U1 - SMALL CONSOLE RAINING MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

A small-sized cantilever sprinkling machine for artificial irrigation of crop production on open ground, including a trolley, a "T" -shaped support with half cylinders, a hinge of a traverse suspension bracket and a water supply in the areas of half-cylinders of racks, a two-sided console from piping links suspended by braces for a traverse with a camber angle of 100 °, water supply with nozzles of fan rain made of metal pipes of a stepped section with a telescopic connection, characterized in that the water supply and crosshead are suspended by a pendulum in the zones of the half cylinders of the racks so so that the center of gravity of the structure is combined with the vertical axis of the struts, and swinging from the vertical of the suspension bracket of the beam with water supply is allowed up to 20 °.

Description

The utility model relates to devices of frontal action of artificial irrigation of crop production in the agricultural field on open ground.

Most of the existing irrigation systems are designed for irrigation with wide-sprinkler sprinklers such as Frigate, Kuban, DKSh-64, etc. They are designed for irrigation of cultivated fields covering an area of about 200 hectares. There are no grounds to give comparative characteristics of the proposed model with large-sized sprinklers of frontal, radial, circular action due to various purposes according to the operating conditions of the proposed model.

Small-sized sprinklers - sprinklers, which are widely described in the technical literature, are known to have sprinklers, which, in comparison with existing sprinklers of all models, have a number of advantages: low material consumption, small dimensions, significant operational advantages in the sociability of the cart with a sprinkler, and relatively simple commissioning. Due to the light weight of the sprinkler, there is practically no mechanical damage to plants and soil by the cart. Sprinklers have universal application for irrigation of both wild and field crops. The low intensity of rain allows irrigation of heavy loamy soils without accumulation of water in depressions, on saucers on locally lowered plots of land, and they do not create water courses on soils with complex terrain.

However, sprinklers are endowed with a number of significant disadvantages:

- unsatisfactory irrigation intensity, which does not meet the requirements for productivity - the time spent on irrigation is 2-4 times higher than other irrigation systems;

- the uniformity of irrigation is significantly affected by air flow;

- does not cover up to 10 ... 20% of the area required for irrigation, or unproductive water consumption in the same ratio with the geometrically multifaceted shape of the site, especially manifested in a rectangular area;

- unacceptably high energy consumption due to the need for pumping stations to create high water pressures of more than 5 bar.

These shortcomings, especially high energy consumption, are decisive conditions in limiting the use of sprinklers.

Sprinklers similar to the proposed model for use are known:

- IDROFOGLIA firms of the "G4" model (article "Mobile sprinkling coils Idrofoglia" / "Actual agricultural systems" No. 1 (2))

- BAUER Austria, RAINSTAR EAS50 models (see the Bauer catalog Irrigation technology Rochren-und Pum-penwerk Bauer Ces. m. B.H. A-8570 Voitsberg (Austria).

- type Opti Rain company Irrimec (Italy), etc.

A general condition for the work of sprinklers of these firms is cutting temporary irrigation canals with a distance from one another equal to the width of the machine. When watering, the unit slowly moves along the overpass laid along the irrigator. The water intake moves along the irrigator, taking water into the water pipes. The disadvantages of the unit are cumbersome, high material consumption, reduction of land utilization (by 2 ... 3%) due to the allocation of part of the land for the overpass and for irrigators. The constant filling of irrigators and watercourses with water leads to its significant filtration into groundwater, watercourses inevitably overgrow with weeds, which requires constant cleaning and cultivation. The disadvantages, often fatal, of such irrigation systems are erosion, rising groundwater, accumulation of salts - as a result of solonetzic, destruction of the surface fertile layer of the earth.

Of the general series of this type of sprinklers, the console machines of the company NETTUNO (Italy), the most similar in design, are ALA GV 20/60 ÷ 40/80, similar to IRRILAND models R20 ÷ R64. The factory of ORTECH CJSC in Volgograd produces cars with a lightweight construction of consoles of the ARGOS model DSh-90 ÷ DSh-10F. Common to these types of machines is: the console is made in the form of holding cable-stayed cables with the release of slopes, stops, racks. A significant reduction in the sprinkler weight was achieved, however, the mounting bracket design was unstable in the longitudinal direction, swings when moving, is not stable under the influence of air currents - wind, it is impossible to use in areas with slight relief.

Positive in the described NETTUNO, IRRILAND and ORTEX machines is the combination of a cable-stayed sprinkler with a drum-type drive. The design solution of combining at the same time gave rise to a number of disadvantages:

- entailed the creation of original carts with wheels of a significant bearing area, contact spots on the ground to reduce specific pressure,

- installation of a double gear ring for synchronous efforts of rotation of the heavy drum,

- the use of a hydraulic turbine energy selection water pressure over 5 kW of power for rotation of the drum,

- high-pressure thick-walled 8-12 mm polyethylene hose with a diameter of 80 to 160 mm.

The drive is forcedly made large, weighing from 1.5 to 3.5 tons with unacceptably high energy consumption. The cost of machinery, operating costs are prohibitively high based on field irrigation from 40 to 80 hectares in comparison with the expected rate of return.

A common drawback of this type of machine is the overall heavy-weight drive and the accompanying cumbersome metal-consuming construction of the farm, significantly complicating its operation, reducing its consumer properties in terms of communication skills, transportation, assembly, disassembly, storage. Significant is the negative impact of the weight of the structure through the wheels of the support trolley on the ground, which, with repeated irrigation, inevitably creates a rut in the directions of movement of the sprinkler. As a consequence of the heaviness of the sprinkler, it becomes unacceptable or unacceptably materially expensive to use a drum-type drive.

It is known that in order to avoid the negative consequences of using heavy-duty cantilever sprinklers, small-sized machines based on a drum drive lightweight cantilevered sprinklers of a cable-stayed type with a cable suspension of consoles.

Sprinkler "AGROS" DSH-32 of the plant of JSC "ORTEH" Volgograd meets all the requirements for environmental operating conditions. The disadvantage is:

- a fixed gauge of the wheels of the carts, which significantly limits its use in areas with different crops;

- lengthy water pipes, which entails numerous maintenance personnel during installation work, disassembled transportation by an additional freight carrier;

- one-dimensional vertical transverse level of water supply fastening, which does not allow irrigation of tall crops;

- instability to overturning of the sprinkler on relief irrigated areas with transverse angles of inclination - roll already at 2-3 degrees, in the case of a wheel of a cart on a shoulder, a lump of earth, exit from the furrow, the sprinkler falls into pieces with the inevitable breakdown of the consoles;

- any deviation from the transverse horizontality of the water supply leads to a significant flow of water towards the side of the console roll, which inevitably creates irregularity, variegation of irrigation;

- A BAUER drive was used, where the rotary impeller is a low-torque rotor impeller with a pressure loss of incoming water of more than 1 bar, which entails additional unproductive energy costs of the pumping station.

Sprinklers of the IRRILAND company with the "Boom irrigation" console (Italy) are equipped with a console suspension with unfastening cables on the intermediate racks, there is an option for fully cable-stayed mounting on a T-shaped rack. The disadvantage is the vertically uncontrolled suspension of the water pipe, a permissible small slope of 0.03 site relief, heavy sprinkler due to the use of large diameter pipes to increase water supply along the irrigation front to 58 meters.

The prototype of the proposed model is the sprinkler company NETTUNO (Italy) of the MICRO-ALA model with a width along the front of the consoles of 26 meters, an irrigation front of 30-32 meters (description on the website http://www.agro-sistema.ru/index.php?option= com_content & view = article & id = 124 & Itemid = 127).

The sprinkler has the best consumer properties due to the additional vertical lifting option from 1 m to 2.7 m of water pipe fastening, setting the required wheel gauge; application of a proprietary drive design, where the centrifugal hydraulic turbine with an acceptable pressure loss of about 0.3 bar is the executive motor.

The disadvantage of the sprinkler is the fixed rigid fastening of the water pipes to the flanges of the vertical volumetric carcass with the transverse beam of the carriage, which allows irrigation with a maximum relief of not more than 0.03 (slope of not more than 3 °). The use of composite pipes with a length of more than 6 meters led to a decrease in consumer properties of the sprinkler, which requires a vehicle corresponding to the length of the body for transportation along public roads. According to its design, the sprinkler design is unstable in relief areas with transverse tilt angles of more than 3 degrees, or in the case of a local decrease, elevation of uneven ground under any support wheel of more than 70 mm, while the sprinkler accidentally falls on the console with its possible kink. A significant drawback of the model is the fact that with a transverse gradient of the relief already at 1 ° along the irrigation front of 30 meters, the deviation from the transverse horizontal of the water supply system is more than 0.5 meters, which creates a pressure drop in the direction of the console roll, and as a result entails spotting irrigation relief sites.

The essence of the proposed model is to create a small cantilever sprinkler, technologically simple to manufacture, inexpensive, extremely simple design, communicative, with high consumer properties, including on embossed areas, with a free choice of baffles, universally suitable for integration into a complex of commercially available drum-type drives.

The proposed front-mounted sprinkler with a working width of up to 30-32 meters is intended for artificial irrigation of relief with a slope in any direction up to 10 ° of the plot (s) with an area of about 50 HA, water pressure from 1.5 to 2.5 bar, with increased requirements the uniformity of irrigation, high utilization of the plot, high availability and mobility for communication on the demanded irrigation of differently sized small plots of cultivated land.

The basic structural assemblies of the sprinkler are:

- a trolley consisting of a wheel pair, adjustable in gauge, a lead-water conduit with a support in the form of a slider, drawbar for transportation to the initial position of irrigation and a vertical (lower) rack with a half cylinder;

- “T” -shaped water pipe support of the consoles, consisting of the lower rack of the trolley with a half cylinder in the transverse plane to the water pipe, where the water pipe with a permissible swing up to 20 ° is suspended by a pendulum and from the upper rack with the half cylinder in the plane of the consoles, where the traverse is attached with a hinge ;

- water supply from the links of metal pipes of stepped section, assembled telescopically at the stop of the retaining rings;

- a system of cable extensions by fastening for the eyes of the pipeline and for the holes of the arms of the beam;

- pendulum suspension of a water supply system for a cross-beam;

- axial adjustment of the pipeline by tensioning with lanyards.

The hinged assembly of the traverse and the suspension of the water supply in the areas of the half-cylinders in the form of a “T” -shaped support by the pendulum made it possible to combine the center of gravity of the mobile consoles with the vertical axis of the support posts, which significantly contributed to the vertical stability of the sprinkler.

In order to prevent the consoles from swinging in the horizontal plane during the movement of the sprinkler due to a possible “yaw” of the cart on local unevenness of the soil, wind load with a vertical suspension of the water conduit of 1 M, the beam length is taken to 2.4 M. As a result, the camber angle of the stretch marks in the transverse plane is 100 °, which provides the required horizontal stability of the sprinkler in any direction.

When the sprinkler moves in the operating mode, the pendulum “T” -shaped suspension of the consoles dynamically ensures a constant horizontal water supply, which solves the requirements for effective irrigation standards.

Sprinkler includes:

1. Support trolley with adjustable track width.

2. The central part of the racks supporting the console.

3. The water supply of the stepped section of pipes of 4.5 m long links such that the outer diameter of the pipe of the next link is equal to the internal diameter of the pipe of the previous link with a through tolerance, which makes it possible to collect the water pipes telescopically into the stop ring stop.

4. Links, except for the central one, consisting of two pipes joined by a connecting sleeve, equal in length and diameter.

5. Thrust ring and intermediate couplings containing plastic sealing gaskets in accordance with the geometry of the pipe end.

6. Stretch marks made in four equal lengths within the permissible hood of the T-tropic cables (galvanized) with the ends tucked into turnbuckles.

7. The transverse beam of the support trolley made of a rectangular profile pipe with such an internal dimension that horizontal supports of the wheel pair enter it telescopically unhindered.

8. A support support post for the traverse, with an additional insert for its extension along the lifting height of the consoles, based on the irrigation of tall crops.

9. Traverse suspended by a pendulum in the upper half-cylinder of the rack by a hinge, a center of gravity combined with the vertical axis of the rack, an allowable deflection angle of up to 30 °.

10. Traverse brackets welded to the ends at such a distance that the camber of the extension tubes of the consoles in the projection onto the vertical plane is 100 °.

11. The central part of the water supply suspended by the pendulum in the lower half cylinder of the support column assembly with the center of gravity combined with the vertical axis of the rack with free swinging up to 20 °.

12. A water supply system assembled from the links, to each water-outlet opening along the length of the pipe, fittings for fastening the sprinkler nozzles and deflectors are welded with an equal pitch.

13. Ferrous metal products: assemblies, parts, sprinkler accessories, internal cavities of couplings and pipes, all products accessible to water that have been cleaned up against pollution, oil, corrosion, scale for subsequent priming and painting with waterproof polyester paint. At the request of the customer, in conditions of price-quality requirements, pipelines bearing structural elements are made of galvanized pipes with surface-mounted eyelets and deflectors.

Sprinkler assembly is performed in the sequence (see Figure 1):

a) a pair of wheels 7 with longitudinal supports 8 is installed in the transverse beam 10 along the width of the required gauge in the row-spacing, along the furrow of the planted crops;

b) the leash 3 is fastened with a flange with the installation of a sealing gasket with bolts to the mating flange welded to the braces 4;

C) in the lower half cylinder 30 is inserted the Central link 14 of the water supply;

d) a vertical stand 23 is installed or, in the conditions of irrigation of tall plants, an intermediate insert (Figure 4);

d) is inserted into the upper half cylinder 24 of the beam 28 with subsequent mounting by a hinge 29;

f) on the rack 23, in the area of the half-cylinder 24 with a bolt through the bosses 25, a cross-beam 28 is installed complete with a hinge;

g) the extensions 20 cling to the lanyards 17 four in pairs to the welded eyes of the central link 16 at one end, the other to the nearest holes of the brackets 27, so that the central link swings freely inside the half cylinder 30, limited to the welded inlet fittings 13;

h) the central link 14 against the buildup is locked for the half cylinder 30 by any improvised struts, bosses;

i) to the end surface of the retaining ring 15 of the first pipe 18 of the first link are installed gaskets 32 shown in Figure 2;

j) the first pipe 18 of the first link is inserted into the central link;

k) on the first pipe 18 is inserted in accordance with the size of the sleeve 21 with the gaskets 33 already inserted, as shown in FIG. 3;

m) the second pipe 22 of the first link is inserted into the coupling telescopically against the gasket;

m) the operation is repeated g) fastening with extensions 37 of the pipe 18 of the first link;

o) the assembly of the second link is performed by analogy to the operations k) ... n) synchronously on both consoles;

o) an irrigation hose is connected to the inlet fitting 1 of the lead 3, (Fig. 1);

p) is connected by a flexible branched in two hose 12 socket 31 of the leash 3 with the inlet fittings 13 of the Central link 14 (Figure 1).

By performing these operations, the drive drum (not shown) is brought into a free rotation state, the sprinkler clings to the drawbar 5 to the tractor and is towed to the initial irrigation position. By activating the drum type drive, the sprinkler is ready for operation in automatic mode.

As a result, using this type of sprinkler model provides: uniform irrigation of embossed areas up to 10 ° with permissible pendulum swinging of the console up to 20 ° with a stable position from tipping over, the fertile surface soil layer is not disturbed, a relatively higher irrigation coefficient of the cultivated field, low energy consumption, ease of assembly and high sociability, wheel track gauge adjustment, applicability for irrigation of tall crops.

The sprinkler is endowed with significant useful properties, borrowed and modernized from existing models, including:

- its weight is not more than 300 kg, assembled for transportation to the initial position of irrigation, a lightweight vehicle can be used (self-propelled chassis, light tractor D-14, self-propelled small-sized cultivator, including automobile VA3-NIVA),

- disassembled, placed in a small trailer of a car, in the body of a self-propelled chassis or in the body of a pickup truck;

- low order of 50-75% of the cost of sprinkler production in comparison with the closest models by the design of foreign and domestic manufacturers;

- high availability;

- The choice of nozzles is made from the considerations of the presence of fan rain intensity adjustment in them.

Distinctive features of the proposed console model is:

- high relative stability through the presence of an option to control the gauge of the support wheels;

- a free suspension like a pendulum of consoles with the initial center of gravity of the water supply in the vertical axis so that when irrigating the relief sections with an angle of up to 10 ° the consoles occupy a horizontal position, dynamically swaying in the transverse plane up to 20 °;

- lightweight within 300 kg, which allows the use of a water supply system, which at the same time is a traction element in the form of a polyethylene hose of minimum dimensions in diameter up to 50 mm, a wall up to 5 mm;

- extremely simple to assemble and disassemble, such that it does not require a special tool, lifting mechanisms, is performed by one worker;

- disassembled compact, transported by a lightweight vehicle;

- simple setup for irrigation of all types of crop production;

- high manufacturability and low cost of production.

Technical result:

- the relatively low price of the sprinkler as a result of high manufacturability and unification of components;

- simple design in the interests of high consumer properties;

- high sociability, low operating energy consumption due to the lightness of collapsible components;

- the use of a relatively small diameter and with a small wall water-conducting pulling polyethylene hose, its relatively low price.

The technical result is achieved by borrowing and modernizing into the proposed model all known design solutions in the field of mechanical engineering and existing similar small-sized sprinklers of a cantilever type. The materials and components used are mass-produced; there is no difficulty in acquiring them.

The constituent parts of the model are the elements displayed on the attached graphic views. The presence of the drive is not shown, any of the incoming foreign production can be used. No information was found on the production of domestic drives.

Figure 1 shows the Central part of the sprinkler.

The water supply to the cantilever pipelines is carried out by a flexible hose 12, through a bell 31, by attaching a polyethylene hose (plastic pipe) from the drive drum to the fitting 1.

The sprinkler movement is provided by means of a leash 3, sliding on the ground of the slider 2. It is allowed to install a wheel support instead of the slider on the leash. The leash 3 part consists of a water supply pipe with a blind flange fastening to the intermediate braces 4, welded to the transverse beam 10 and to the lower rack 11.

Drawbar 5 with an earring is designed to transport the sprinkler to the initial position of irrigation. Mobile movement is provided by a pair of wheels 7.

To give vertical stability to the sprinkler, the supports 6 are welded to the transverse console 8 in the projection to the vertical axis of the posts 11, 23 at an angle of 24 ° against the direction of the operating mode of irrigation so that the center of gravity of the entire sprinkler is in the plane of the support of the slide 2 and the wheelset 7.

The supports 8 are selected with a cross section that allows them to freely enter telescopically inside the transverse beam 10, where they are fixed when choosing the required gauge of the wheelset with bolts 9. At the same time, the option significantly increases the support area of the trolley, which contributes to a stable position against tipping over uneven terrain, collisions local unevenness up to 20 °.

The central link of the pipeline 14 is made of a pipe DU50, 2 meters long. Two pipes 13 are made of a pipe with drilled holes, made of pipe DN40. Nipples with nozzles 19 (not visible in FIG. 1) are welded against each nozzle in a horizontal position so that the rain fan is directed behind the sprinkler in order to ensure the movement of wheel pairs on dry soil. The size between the fittings is 600 mm, which allows the conduit pipe 14 to swing freely while the sprinkler is moving in the area of the half-cylinder 30 to adopt the horizontal position of the consoles while maintaining a stable position against tipping. However, the nozzles with fittings 13 are strong enough to, if necessary, stop from swinging the console by means of embedded bosses between them and the plane forming the half-cylinder 30.

The first pipe 18 ДУ40 of the first link is telescopically inserted into the central link pipe into the stop of the locking ring 15, the connection method is shown in FIG. 2. Fittings with nozzles 19 are welded to the pipe.

The first link includes a pipe 18 joined by a sleeve 21 with a second pipe 22 of an equal diameter link; the connection method is shown in FIG. 3. The first pipe has a countersunk part at one end for insertion into a central link of 150 mm in size against the locking ring 15, an open part is 2150 mm, and at the other end is a 100 mm countersunk part for docking with the coupling 21. The working part of the link pipeline is 4500 mm .

The pipes are alternately suspended by cables 37, 38 to the brackets 27 of the traverse 28 by the hooks of the turnbuckles 26, respectively, by the turnbuckles 17 by the holes of the eyes 16. The eyes 16 are welded to all pipes of the conduit behind the joints in order to create a reinforced fit of the ends to the gaskets with 32.33 extensions. The second link, and then the third link in pairs on both sides of the consoles pipeline, is similarly docked to the first link.

Thus, the console has a length of 14,000 mm: includes half of the DN50 pipe of the central link with a length of 1000 mm, the first link from the DN40 pipes with a length of 4,500 mm, the second link from the DN32 pipes with a length of 4,500 mm, and the third link of the DN25 pipes with a length of 4,000 mm. Both consoles along the front of 28 meters in working condition with a water pressure of 1 bar provide an irrigation band of up to 30 meters, taking into account that the rain fan of the end nozzles is directed along the longitudinal axis of the pipeline.

Both consoles in working condition are held by 28 extensions, fastened by the holes of the brackets 27 and by the eyes 16. It is allowed to use any type of hook in the place of the lanyards 26 of the hooking position of the extensions to the brackets 24. The hooking position to the eyes of the pipeline is a prerequisite for the lanyard, which is caused by the need to adjust the length of the stretch marks in order to ensure constant alignment of the pipes, as well as the mandatory tight fit of the ends of the pipes to the gaskets 32, 33 along the entire length of the conduit.

The horizontal position of the pipeline is ensured by a vertical suspension struts in the half cylinder 30 of the lower strut 11 welded to the beam 10. Two shelves with holes for fastening the foot of the base of the upper strut 23 are welded to the half cylinder. A half cylinder 24 is welded from the other end of the strut 23, equipped with bosses 25 for mounting the hinge plate 29 so that the yoke 28 with the pipeline sways unobstructedly as an integral assembly.

For irrigation of tall crops, a structural element-insert, shown in Figure 4, is provided. The insert through the support 34 is installed by an intermediate element between the lower and upper posts of the sprinkler, the base 34 and the half cylinder 36. The support of the insert 35 (Figure 4) has a length of up to 1000 mm, which allows you to irrigate tall crops with corn, sunflower, etc. The insert is fastened with bolts through mating holes of the lower half cylinder and the legs of the upper stoics. When this pipeline is in the area of the half-cylinder 36 of the insert.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a telescopic assembly of the joint along the transition from a pipe of a larger diameter to a pipe of a smaller diameter. A snap ring 15 is welded to the pipe 18 with a 150 mm offset from the end. An annular sealing plastic gasket 32 is inserted to the ring in the direction of the joint. The material for the manufacture of the gasket is rubber, fluoroplastic, polyurethane. In assembled form, the pipe 18 is inserted into the pipe 14 and is immediately fixed by a second pair of turnbuckles 17.

Figure 3 shows the assembly diagram of the junction of the pipes 18 and 22 of the first link. Plastic ring gaskets 33 are inserted into the coupling 21. The coupling is mounted on the first link pipe 18, and then the second link pipe 22 is inserted into the coupling with the same hooking of the third pair of turnbuckles 17.

Special locks for sealing tightness, fixing joints is not required. In the operating mode, taking into account the weight of structural elements, the angle of the pipes, the weight of the water in the filled pipeline, the pressure at the junction of the cross section of the central pipe at the end of the retaining ring is more than 300 N / cm ² , an order of magnitude greater than the back pressure of the incoming water.

In the assembled form, the sprinkler has a height of 1800 mm, the pipeline is at a height of 800 mm, which fully allows irrigation of low-growing crops. For irrigation of tall crops, as well as in the case of irrigation of areas with a relief of more than 10 °, the insert of Figure 4 is used. Manipulation with an insert, gauge and with incomplete assembly of the conduit due to the end link, irrigation of sections with a relief of up to 20 ° is allowed.

As a result of applying the proposed sprinkler model, the technical result is achieved: uniform irrigation of the relief areas, the fertile surface soil layer is not disturbed, a relatively high irrigation coefficient of the entire field, low energy consumption, ease of assembly and high sociability, adjustment of the wheelset gauge to the required step of cultivated crops, stability at relief areas, applicability for irrigation of tall crops.

Claims (1)

A small-sized cantilever sprinkling machine for artificial irrigation of crop production on open ground, including a trolley, a "T" -shaped support with half cylinders, a hinge of a traverse suspension bracket and a water supply in the areas of half-cylinders of racks, a two-sided console from piping links suspended by braces for a traverse with a camber angle of 100 °, water supply with nozzles of fan rain made of metal pipes of a stepped section with a telescopic connection, characterized in that the water supply and crosshead are suspended by a pendulum in the zones of the half-cylinders of the racks so so that the center of gravity of the structure is combined with the vertical axis of the struts, and swinging from the vertical of the suspension bracket of the beam with water supply is allowed up to 20 °.

Images