RU140818U1 - GRAIN THROWER, LOAD GRAVE LOADING CONVEYOR, SIDE OF THE GRAIN TRIMMER UNIT, DRUM OF THE WIRE GRAIN METER, THE COIL OF THE COMBINED GRAIN GRAIN, HARNES - Google Patents

Abstract

A group of utility models relates to the agricultural and grain processing industries and can be used in agricultural machinery. The thrower consists of a chassis with a welded U-shaped fork, while a fork has a stand on the axis of which the rollers are placed and this design is mounted on two pneumatic wheels, a trapezoidal screw with a collar and a lever is installed and fixed through the bearing and a special nut on the stand platform control, consisting of a platform and a handle, which has a bend in a parallel plane or at an angle, and mounted on a special nut. The feed grain thrower conveyor contains a longitudinally elongated groove made of two rigidly connected sections, the lower of which is made expanding to the free end, while two or more chain conveyors are installed in the groove, with a common or separate scraper. The side of the grain thrower trimmer block contains a groove and groove holes for installing a vertically adjustable pipe at an angle of 3 ° to 55 °, technological holes for grooves for installing a tensioner with a bearing assembly, holes for mounting bearing assemblies under the shafts of the tension, drive and reel drums, and holes under the bearing housing. The bar-type grain thrower drum contains side disks of the same diameter, while it additionally contains one or more internal disks of a larger diameter, the side disks have openings around the circumference, and the internal disks have open half-holes along the outer diameter, as well as mounting technological holes, the disks are welded to the shaft and interconnected by rods laid in the holes of the side and half-holes of the inner discs. The combined grain thrower coil consists of a shaft with two disks with flanges mounted on it, while the disks have grooves for installing three or more blades that have protrusions, for precision mating groove-protrusion, removable, height-adjustable rigid, elastic plates are installed on the blades or brushes, and further comprises metal inserts creating a rectangular core. The adjustable unloading pipe of the grain thrower consists of a base of rectangular cross section and a sock, while it additionally contains a replaceable extension, and the rectangular cross section of the base narrows from bottom to top. The shaft of the feeder of the grain thrower consists of two supports and additionally contains a bracket in which the elongated shaft has a third support. The use of utility models improves the efficiency of the grain thrower.

Description

The group of technical solutions relates to the agricultural and grain processing industries and can be used in agricultural machinery.

The thrower.

Self-mobile grain thrower is known among domestic agricultural machines [Self-mobile grain thrower MZS-90-20-01M, KLEVER Rostselmash. Manual].

The disadvantages of this thrower are:

the installation of an electric drive on the front wheel, which complicated the design and does not provide complete and reliable contact of the gearing of the tire of the wheel with the working surface of the site;

at the entrance to the grain, the wheel stalls; at the entrance to the cavity, the conveyor freezes when it enters under load in the riot; the wheel stalls;

the thrower is unstable and not maneuverable; it requires regulation of the chain transmission of the forward stroke.

The technical result is to increase maneuverability, stability of the grain thrower, ease of control, ease of maintenance.

The technical result is achieved using a grain thrower (Fig. 1) having a control lever consisting of a fork 1 and a rack 2 moving in it by tightening and loosening the trapezoidal screw 4 in a special nut 5 using a collar 6 assembled together and placed on two pneumatic wheel 3, adjusting the direction of movement with the control lever 7 in which the handle for convenience has a bend in a parallel plane (Fig. 2) or at an angle of 45 ° (Fig. 3).

A simple and reliable mechanism, the control lever allows you to change the radius of rotation of the wheels by a large angle, almost in both directions instantly. Ease of rotation is provided by two twin pneumatic wheels. Chassis fork, welded channel structure, very strong and reliable, withstands all unforeseen loads.

The grain thrower works as follows: it raises and lowers the front of the grain thrower using the trapezoidal screw 4, which is enough to move it along an uneven surface.

Adjustment of the rack 2 is carried out by the screw 4 and the rollers mounted on the axis 8 of the rack allowing to raise and lower the lower conveyor head. To ensure ease of operation of the screw, a thrust bearing is installed 9. The directional movement is adjusted by the operation of a simple and reliable in operation mechanism of the control lever, which is attached to a special nut.

The following technical solutions are an integral part of the grain thrower.

Conveyor loading grain thrower.

Known conveyor loading grain thrower [RU 90964 U1, 01/27/2010]. This conveyor has a low efficiency of collection of grain material that is overloaded during transportation. This drawback is due to the presence of a single chain conveyor.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the fence overloaded during transportation of grain material.

The feed grain thrower conveyor (Fig. 4) has a longitudinally elongated groove 1 for installing two chains of 2 or more, with a separate (Fig. 4) or common scraper (Fig. 5), to increase productivity, which is ensured by a large capture of grain material and throughput .

The conveyor loading grain thrower operates as follows. Grain material is fed by feeders to the lower head of the conveyor, where scraper chain conveyors with two or more chains, with a common or separate scraper, pick it up and move it to the trimmer (Fig. 6). When this design of the conveyor is working, the scree of grain material is reduced. The productivity of the grain thrower is doubled and reaches a capacity of 150 to 200 tons per hour.

Sidewall of the grain thrower trimmer block.

Known sidewall of the trimmer block of the ZM-60 grain thrower (ZPS-100 mobile grain thrower. ZM-60 grain thrower. Parts and assembly units catalog. - Semiluki, 2009. - P. 70).

This sidewall of the trimmer block is made by stamping and has a landing hole for the coil shaft with a diameter of 30 mm to which a bracket is attached with a bolt to fix the shaft and prevent the hole from breaking, since the bearings are mounted on the coil disks. The groove hole for the tension drum is also broken, since there is no reliable adjustment of the tensioner, it is made through a bracket welded to the sidewall, which does not protect the holes from runout. The side of the trimmer block has holes for fixing the pipe in one position, strictly at an angle of 45 °, which does not allow the pipe to be adjusted.

The technical result is the simplicity of manufacture, maintenance and operation, reliability, as well as manufacturability when assembling the trimmer block.

The side of the trimmer block is a box-shaped design (obtained by flexible six shelves on a bending machine and welding flanged shelves at the joining points) with a groove cut out in the form of sector 1 and stop 2 (type A of Fig. 6) for installing a vertically adjustable pipe, holes for installing a ring -bolt, grooves 3 for installing the tensioner (Fig. 8) with a bearing assembly for installing the shaft of the tension drum (pos. 5 of Fig. 6), mounting holes 4 for welding eight M12 bolts for bolting the bearing assemblies and the hole s 5 to the drive shaft of the drum (pos. 4 FIG. 6) and the coil (pos. 7, FIG. 6) and holes for tie rods.

This design of the side of the trimmer block is used to install on the trimmer block (Fig. 6), consisting of two sidewalls of the trimmer block, a cover with an adapter (funnel), front and rear walls and two pulling pins. Two bearing units are mounted on the sides of the trimmer block with an external bolt connection, which are self-centering and tensioners are installed from the inside in the grooves 3 (Fig. 8) and (pos. 9 of Fig. 6), onto which the bearing units are mounted with a bolt connection, which are mounted on the shafts drive and tension drums consisting of three or more disks in which rods are welded along the outer diameter at the same distance into the holes and half holes (in the central disks), creating a barrel-like shape of the drums due to the larger central diameter disks, which makes it possible to keep the moving closed belt from running to one side or another, pressed in the middle by a combined coil, of two disks with flanges connected by three or more blades with replaceable rigid, elastic pads or brushes to reduce grain injury during passage under the coil. The work of the holes in the form of sector 1 and stop 2 (type A of Fig. 6) is due to the installation of a pipe with a vertically adjustable groove in the sides of the trimmer block with a lever-screw toe lifter. In the stop 2, a freely moving pipe is fixed with an M12 bolt and rigidly fixed in an adjustable groove in the form of sector 1, which creates the required pipe lifting height, fixed by a steel cable tie fixed at one end to the top of the feed conveyor and the other end to the top of the pipe. The lifting angle is 20 °.

The trimmer block, which is assembled from the claimed nodes, works as follows. Grain material from the feed conveyor enters through the funnel into the trimmer block, during operation in which the grain from moving a moving tape covering the bar drums and blades of the combined coil onto which are installed removable and height-adjustable rigid, elastic pads or brushes through the passage section between the surface of the tape and the coil the total directed centrifugal forces form the same speed of the lower and upper thickness of the grain flow, which is thrown into the pipe having a narrowing e variable cross-section along the length from the base to extension and socks, which directs the grain material. As a result, in a given direction, the formed heap flow of grain under the action of inertia is discarded to a considerable height of 6 to 8 meters and a distance of 20 to 30 meters, depending on the windage and specific gravity of the grain material.

Drum bar-thrower.

Known grain thrower [RU 2419583 C1, 05.27.2011], consisting of a prefabricated housing, including two sidewalls, a cover and walls, in which are mounted on the axes a tension drum and a drive drum covered by an endless belt, a coil with two flanges on the disks, connected by a distance pipe smaller than the diameter of the flanges by the height of the rectangular window formed by the cylindrical surface of the distance pipe and the cylindrical surface of the envelope of an endless tape with a width equal to the gap between the disks of the rib rd, an endless strip, on the cylindrical surface of the spacer tube, eight plate-brackets with four holes each, on which nozzles from a thick rubberized belt are mounted, are welded parallel to the axis uniformly around the circumference of a metal strip.

It works as follows. Grain flows by gravity onto an endless ribbon through a window formed by an endless ribbon and reel emanating from the tension drum, then on a radial section of the endless ribbon enveloping the reel, the grain is pressed against the endless ribbon by centrifugal forces, and nozzles enter the grain at the same time, helping to equalize the speeds of the grain and the tape, and when moving the endless belt to the drive drum, the grain flies (the throwing process takes place) along the tangent to the drive drum.

The guide tube of the grain thrower is rigidly fixed on the sidewalls of the thrower and is equipped with a lever with a clamp for raising the sock and carries out the raising and lowering of the sock by moving the lever to the right or left in the sector.

However, all of these nodes have a number of disadvantages and do not provide reliable continuous productive operation of the grain thrower. This design of the grain loader-thrower does not provide a capacity of more than 90 t / h, since this is not achieved when installing a loading conveyor equipped with one scraper chain.

In particular, metal-intensive drums are made of two molded sheet shells with subsequent welding and turning, and also require significant balancing. They are difficult to operate and maintain, and this is due to the fact that the bearings are installed on the tension drum in the bearing housings installed on the drums of the drums and are closed by covers, thus, after installing the drum in the grain thrower, it does not allow maintenance of the bearings and worsens the condition of the thrower as a whole. When the drum is working, dust and dirt adhere to the drum shell and discs deeply seated in it, which leads to imbalance and deterioration of the grain thrower, to prevent discs from pollution, reflectors are attached to them to reduce imbalance. But this design does not provide high-quality work and leads to rapid wear of bearings, since it is impossible to perform timely maintenance and lubrication, dust, dirt and oiling the surface of the drums and discs are not cleaned, which leads to an imbalance of the grain thrower and deterioration of its operation and operation.

EFFECT: simplification of manufacture, maintenance and operation when installing a grain thrower in a trimmer block, reducing metal consumption, increasing the service life of an endless belt and trimmer.

The essence of the drum bar grain thrower is to perform a prefabricated structure (Fig. 9), consisting of a shaft 1 with three or more disks. On the sides are two disks 2 of equal diameter and one or more disks 3 of larger diameter inside, which are connected by rods 4, and create a barrel-shaped form of drums, which keeps the moving closed tape from escaping in one direction or another during the operation of the trimmer block. Side disks 2 have holes along the circumference of the circle located at an equal distance to fix the required number of bars. The inner discs 3 have open half-holes in the outer diameter for laying the required number of rods. All disks are provided with mounting technological holes centered with a single mounting location for ease of drum assembly.

The prostate of manufacturing, maintenance and reducing metal consumption is achieved by replacing a thick-walled pipe with a bar that does not require turning. The disks are made by laser cutting, which ensures the accuracy of the arrangement of all landing holes, allowing to maintain accuracy when assembling the drum, the presence of mounting holes made it possible to rigidly fix the disks in the conductor, thereby simplifying the process of laying rods in the holes and half-openings of the disks, this design of the bar drum is first used in the node, the trimmer block (pos. 4; 5 of Fig. 6).

The design of the bar drum ensures efficient and uninterrupted operation of the trimmer block. In contact with the tensioned tape, the rods are pressed in and create a serrated surface, increasing the adhesion, which does not allow the tape to slip and run to the sides, and when loose material gets under the tape, it is thrown out through the gaps between the bars, which protects the tape from sticking and greasing from foreign materials.

The design used by us with the shaft mounting in the bearing assemblies allowed us to solve the prototype problem completely, since the bearing assemblies are attached to the sides of the trimmer block from the outside and made it possible to solve the problem of simplicity and quality of service, adjustment, and operation of the assembly. At one time, changing the design of the drum radically solved the problem of cleaning the surface of the drum from dust, dirt and greasing, since evenly spaced rods create a barrel-like shape, but have equally spaced gaps through which vortex flows of different directions are formed inside the drum, leading to self-cleaning of the drums, do not require balancing the latter and increase the reliability of the operational characteristics of the trimmer block.

Combined Coil Grain Thrower.

Known grain thrower [RU 2419583 C1, 05.27.2011], consisting of a prefabricated housing, including two sidewalls, a cover and walls, in which are mounted on the axes a tension drum and a drive drum, covered by an endless belt, a coil with two flanges on the disks, connected by a distance pipe smaller than the diameter of the flanges by the height of the rectangular window formed by the cylindrical surface of the distance pipe and the cylindrical surface of the envelope of an endless tape with a width equal to the gap between the disks of the rib rd, endless tape. On the cylindrical surface of the remote pipe, the coils are welded parallel to the axis uniformly around the circumference of a metal strip, eight plate-brackets with four holes each, on which are mounted nozzles from a thick rubberized belt.

It works as follows. Grain flows by gravity onto an endless ribbon through a window formed by an endless ribbon and reel emanating from the tension drum, then on a radial section of the endless ribbon enveloping the reel, the grain is pressed against the endless ribbon by centrifugal forces, and nozzles enter the grain at the same time, helping to equalize the speeds of the grain and the tape, and when moving the endless belt to the drive drum, the grain flies (the throwing process takes place) along the tangent to the drive drum.

The guide tube of the grain thrower is rigidly fixed on the sidewalls of the thrower and is equipped with a lever with a clamp for raising the sock and carries out the raising and lowering of the sock by moving the lever to the right or left in the sector.

However, all of these nodes have a number of disadvantages and do not provide reliable continuous productive operation of the grain thrower. This design of the grain loader-thrower does not provide a capacity of more than 90 t / h, since this is not achieved when installing a loading conveyor equipped with one scraper chain.

The coil of this design has a cylindrical rod (which is called “distance pipe”) to the surface of which eight plate-brackets with four holes each, on which nozzles from a thick rubberized belt are mounted, are parallel parallel to the axis welded parallel to the axis from a metal strip. The design of this coil is difficult to manufacture, since the bearings are installed in the bearing housings installed on the disks of the coil and are closed by covers, thus, after installing it in the grain thrower, it does not allow maintenance of the bearings; during the operation of the coil, dust and dirt adhere to the disk disks, which leads to an imbalance and deterioration of the work of the grain thrower. The disadvantage of this coil is that the presence of eight plate-brackets during the work of the grain thrower when the latter enter the grain howl stream leads to the separation into portions and reduces the performance of the grain of the thrower (trimmer unit). Since the grain material has a different specific gravity, this design does not allow the transportation of all crops with the required parameters, increasing productivity.

The thrower performance is determined by the number of revolutions of the drive drum, the throughput of the passage-through rectangular cross section “passage” (“windows” - the term according to patent RU 2419583 C1, 05.27.2011) measured between the surface of the tape and the spool shaft, as well as the design features of the tape and reel.

The technical result is to simplify the manufacture, maintenance and operation, increase efficiency during operation of the trimmer block of the grain thrower.

The technical result is achieved by using a coil of a combined grain thrower. Depending on the technological operation of grain transportation, to change the parameters of the transportation of grain material by height and loading distance, as well as gentle loading of seed material, it allows you to adjust the size of the rectangular passage “passage” with removable rigid, elastic pads or brushes mounted on the blades and fixed inserts creating a rectangular core, during the operation of the coil forming a “scoop” giving additional acceleration to the grain flow. The best parameters of the coil are achieved by the presence of four blades

The essence of the utility model, the combined coil of the grain thrower (Fig. 10) consists of a welded structure consisting of a shaft 6, two disks 1 with flanges 2 connected by three or more blades 3 with removable and height-adjustable rigid or elastic overlays or brushes 4 and metal inserts 5, which, if necessary, can be installed or removed depending on the technological operation of grain transportation (Fig. 11), to change the parameters of transportation of grain material in height and distance of ejection, as well as cutting loading of seed material.

The technical result of the combined grain thrower coil of this design is solved by the fact that for ease of manufacture and assembly, the parts are made of sheet material by laser cutting, which allows to achieve assembly accuracy and does not require balancing: the disks have grooves for installing three or more blades having protrusions and holes for removable mounting and height-adjustable rigid or elastic pads or brushes and for installing metal inserts with oval holes on the shelves bent from two sides at an angle om 45 °, and which can be installed or removed (FIG. 11), if necessary.

To change the parameters of transportation of grain material by height and loading distance, as well as gentle loading of seed material, it is possible to adjust the size of the rectangular passage section “passage” with removable rigid, elastic pads or brushes mounted on the blades and fixed inserts creating a rectangular core, when the combined coil generates "Scoop", giving additional acceleration to the grain flow. The best parameters of the coil are achieved by the presence of four blades.

The table shows the test results of the combined grain thrower coil with a different number of blades installed.

Table. Number of blades thirty four 5 6 7 8 Efficiency, % 88 96 90 85 82 80

The greatest efficiency of the combined coil is achieved when four blades are installed, while the known coil contains eight.

These indicators determine the reliability of the operational characteristics of the combined coil and its advisability to install on the trimmer block (item 7 of Fig. 6).

Adjustable unloading pipe for grain thrower.

Known self-moving grain thrower [Self-moving grain thrower MZS-90-20-01M, KLEVER "Rostselmash". Manual].

The disadvantage of a self-moving grain thrower is that the gutter box (trimmer pipe) is rigidly fixed in the sidewalls of the trimmer, thereby preventing operations that provide adjustment of the height and range of flight of the grain material, does not provide the ability to work in low storage areas and when moving to low doorways premises, and if the vehicle is inadvertently reversed to the thrower, it does not bow forward - it is damaged.

The technical result is an increase in height, range and accuracy when transporting grain material.

Adjustable unloading pipe of the grain thrower (Fig. 12), consists of a base 1, on which a lever-screw hoist of the sock 3 is mounted, having a rectangular profile, a narrowing variable cross section from the bottom up and removable extensions 2 of different lengths to which a folding sock 4 is attached.

The pipe is installed in a groove in the form of a sector with a lifting angle of 35 ° to 55 ° for installing a vertically adjustable pipe and an abutment 2 (view A of Fig. 6) on the side of the trimmer block (pos. 1; 2 of Fig. 8), which allows you to adjust the height loading and flight range of the grain material received during operation of the trimmer block. In stop 2 (type A of Fig. 6), a freely moving pipe is fixed with an M12 bolt and rigidly fixed in an adjustable groove in the form of a sector, which creates the required pipe lifting height fixed by a turnbuckle secured to the top head of the loading conveyor. The lifting angle is 20 °.

The grain material from the loading conveyor enters through the funnel into the trimmer block, during operation in which the grain from moving a moving tape covering the bar drums and blades of the combined coil onto which are installed removable and height-adjustable rigid, or elastic pads or brushes through the passage section between the surface of the tape and coils with total directed centrifugal forces, the same speed of the lower and upper thickness of the grain flow is formed, which is thrown into the pipe with a variable m section along the length from the base to the toe, which directs the grain material. Since centrifugal forces divide the flow into fractions, heavy particles (grain) are located in the lower part of the flow, and light particles are placed in the upper part, but in the pipe it is given a variable cross-section with a narrowing to the nose, an uniformly accelerated flow direction is given. As a result, in a given direction, the formed heap flow of grain under the influence of inertia is discarded to a considerable height of 6 to 8 meters and a distance of 20 to 30 meters depending on the windage and specific gravity of the grain material and is achieved by adjusting the pipe along the groove arc to the required height. The pipe is installed at a certain angle of flight of the grain crop, in the center of the pipe having a different specific gravity and windage (by loosening the bolted connection and adjusting the lanyard tie). For loading vehicles, the angle of the pipe is adjusted depending on the side height.

The lever-screw toe lifter allows, with little effort, to easily and reliably fix the folding toe in the desired position, which affects the process of directing the grain flow emerging from the adjustable pipe.

Reducer feeder gearbox shaft.

Known self-moving grain thrower [Self-moving grain thrower MZS-90-20-01M, KLEVER "Rostselmash". Manual].

The disadvantage is that the shafts that drive the feeder chains by design at one end and in the middle are supported by bearings 11206 GOST 8545-75 in the gear housing, and the second half is cantilevered and an asterisk is attached to its end, during operation the cantilever part of the shaft is radially fracture and longitudinal axial movement, which often leads to accelerated failure of the shaft itself and the bevel gear pair.

The technical result is to increase reliability.

The essence of the shaft of the reducer of the feeder of the grain thrower (Fig. 13) consists in the implementation of the prefabricated design of the shaft of the support 1 with an asterisk fixed in the reducer 4 and in the suspension bracket 2 with the bearing installed in the bearing housing, rigidly welded to the suspension bracket 2 fixed in the bracket 3 of the feeder.

The product has the best operational characteristics, namely, increased reliability due to the rigid fixation of the support shaft increasing the efficiency of the intake of grain material by feeders.

The design of the shaft of the reducer of the feeder of the grain thrower with the third support on the hanging bracket with a bearing contains an all-welded hanging bracket 2 (Fig. 14), mounted and bolted to the frame of the feeder. The hanging bracket consists of a bracket 5, a bearing housing 6, a pin 7 and a bearing 8, in which a support shaft 1 is installed, which eliminates the run of the shafts in the gearboxes and thereby the wear of the sprockets during operation of the feeders. This design of the third support allowed to improve the operational characteristics of the feeders and the efficiency of the intake of grain material.

Claims (7)

1. Grain thrower, consisting of a chassis with a welded p-shaped fork and a wheel mounted on it, characterized in that the fork has a stand, on the axis of which the rollers are placed and this design is mounted on two pneumatic wheels, installed and fixed through the bearing on the stand platform and a special nut a trapezoidal screw with a collar and a control lever, consisting of a platform and a handle, which has a bend in a parallel plane or at an angle, and mounted on a special nut. 2. A feed grain thrower conveyor comprising a longitudinally elongated groove made of two rigidly connected sections, the lower of which is made expanding towards the free end, characterized in that two or more chain conveyors with a common or separate scraper are installed in the groove. 3. The side of the block of the trimmer of the grain thrower, including technological holes, characterized in that it further comprises a groove and groove holes for installing a vertically adjustable pipe at an angle of 35 ° to 55 °, and technological holes are made in the form of grooves for installing the tensioner with a bearing assembly, holes for mounting bearing assemblies under the shafts of the tension, drive and reel drums, as well as holes for the bearing housing. 4. A bar-type grain thrower drum containing side disks of the same diameter, characterized in that it additionally contains one or more internal disks of a larger diameter, the side disks have openings around the circumference, and the internal disks have open half-holes along the outer diameter, as well as mounting technological holes , the discs are welded to the shaft and interconnected by rods laid in the holes of the side and half-holes of the inner discs. 5. Combined grain thrower coil, consisting of a shaft with two disks with flanges mounted on it, characterized in that the disks have grooves for installing three or more blades that have protrusions, for precision mating groove-protrusion, interchangeable height-adjustable blades are installed on the blades hard, elastic pads or brushes, and additionally contains metal inserts that create a rectangular core. 6. An unloading adjustable pipe of the grain thrower, consisting of a base of rectangular cross section and a sock, characterized in that it additionally contains a replaceable extension, and the rectangular cross section of the base narrows from the bottom to the top. 7. The shaft of the gearbox of the feeder of the grain thrower, consisting of two supports, characterized in that it further comprises a bracket in which the elongated shaft has a third support.

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