RU140018U1 - DEVICE FOR HEATING BATTERIES - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for heating batteries, including means of thermal insulation and heating means, equipped with a control unit made in the form of an ambient temperature sensor, a temperature sensor of a heated container and a control element associated with a heated container, a heating element and the environment, characterized in that in a heated container containing a frame with flexible heating elements located on the inner side surface, made in the form of many layer electrically heated mats made of dacron yarns with resistive silver (metal oxide) spraying, to increase the efficiency of the heating elements, the heated mats include a reflective layer made of aluminum film by vacuum deposition, the flexible heating elements are decentralized, i.e. . with offset, which allows you to connect them stepwise, by increasing the heat transfer surface depending on the ambient temperature, and the heated container is equipped with an exhaust fan to ventilate the heated container before starting the engine.

Description

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering and can be used to heat batteries.

Known engine preheater with additional heating of batteries (Patent RU No. 83219, IPC B60H 1/00, published 05.27.2009), consisting of a heat exchanger, burner, pump unit, exhaust pipe, high voltage source (transistor switch) , and containing an adapter to the exhaust pipe, an exhaust pipe, an air flow distributor.

Also known is a prestarting engine heater with additional battery heating and a fuse for tripping (Patent RU No. 85860, IPC B60H 1/00, published August 20, 2009), consisting of a heat exchanger, burner, pump unit, exhaust pipe, high voltage source (transistor switch), and containing an adapter to the exhaust pipe, exhaust pipe, air flow distributor, solenoid valve, temperature sensor, heat exchanger.

The disadvantages of these preheaters are that preheating is achieved by partially removing the heat of the exhaust gases to the batteries, i.e. heating occurs only when the engine is running, and when the batteries are operated at low temperatures, they are intensively discharged.

Closest to the proposed device (prototype) is a device for protecting equipment from overheating and / or overcooling (Patent RU No. 246174, IPC B60H 1/00, H01M 10/50, published October 10, 2012), including thermal insulation and heating protected equipment and is additionally equipped with a control and management unit, made in the form of an ambient temperature sensor, temperature sensor of protected equipment and a control element, and the control and management unit is connected with the protected equipment, heating ementom and the environment.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of protection of the heating elements from mechanical damage and the high fire hazard of the heating elements, the energy of the directly heated battery is used to operate the heating element.

As a prototype of the heating element, a heating device was selected (Patent RU No. 17479, IPC B60H 1/00, published April 10, 2001) containing a power source, connecting elements and thermocouples, and the thermocouples are made of carbon filaments and / or fabrics.

The disadvantage of this device is the exposure of the heating elements to mechanical damage and their high fire hazard.

The known devices and the claimed utility model have the following essential features:

- performed function - heating using heating elements;

- the disadvantage of all known devices is their high fire hazard due to the material of the used heating elements, i.e. the elements used are not sufficiently durable, strong, subject to mechanical damage, etc.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to create the specified conditions for heating the batteries when they are on the vehicle, as well as in the conditions of garageless storage and during transportation, with such operational properties as moisture resistance, heat resistance, strength, flexibility, fire safety, designed to eliminate the above above the disadvantages of prototypes. This will simplify the design and improve the usability of rechargeable batteries, due to the fact that the electric heating elements are made of dacron filaments with resistive silver sputtering and are located on the inner surface of the container to accommodate rechargeable batteries, which ensures that the temperature regime is maintained when used as heating batteries elements in a given temperature range for a long time operation. Before starting the engine, you must turn on the fan to ventilate the heated container in which the battery is located.

This object is achieved in that the device for heating the batteries, including means of thermal insulation and means for heating the batteries, is equipped with a control and control unit made in the form of an ambient temperature sensor, a temperature sensor of the heated container and a control element associated with the heated container, the heating element and environment, and in a heated container containing a frame located on the inner surface of the heated container g with narrow heating elements made in the form of multilayer electrically heated mats made of dacron filaments with resistive silver sputtering, to increase the efficiency of the heating elements, the composition of the heated mats includes a reflective layer made of aluminum film by vacuum deposition, the flexible heating elements are decentralized, t .e. with an offset that allows you to connect them stepwise, by increasing the heat transfer surface depending on the ambient temperature and the heated container is equipped with an exhaust fan to ventilate the heated container before starting the engine. The use of infrared heating helps to avoid electromagnetic radiation.

The use of flexible electric heaters, in the form of electrically heated mats, placed on the inner surface of a heated container with a battery in it, located decentralized, i.e. with offset, which allows you to connect them stepwise. This provides more efficient heating of the battery in the container. The electric heating element of the device for heating the battery is made of dacron filaments with resistive silver sputtering and is located in a multilayer mat connected by a current lead to a small-sized power supply equipped with a presence (pressure) sensor.

Electrically heated mats for protection are made of water- and frost-resistant material, which provides elasticity of the heat-fiber material with an integrated system of thermal control and thermal shut-off. Heating mats provide for the possibility of regulating the flow of heat into a container with rechargeable batteries in order to avoid general and local overheating of the battery. The surface of the heated container should not be heated above plus 25 ° C.

A small-sized power source for the battery heating device is mounted in the main part of the heated container.

The maximum temperature of the heating element made of lavsan filaments with a resistive deposition of silver does not exceed plus 25 ° C, and in case of burnout (damage) of an electric wire (lavsan filament with a resistive deposition of silver, metal oxides) in a heated mat, it does not ignite, which increases the fire and explosion safety of the device as a whole.

Heated mats made of dacron threads with resistive spraying of silver (metal oxides) have the following advantages:

- mechanical resistance and "superflexibility" - up to 150,000 bends per point, can be wrinkled, folded in any position, washed in a washing machine;

- products have successfully passed tests under extreme conditions (beyond the Arctic Circle);

- fast heating rate of the fiber - 1 ° C per second.

To regulate the heating of heated mats, the heating elements can be connected stepwise and in groups, depending on the ambient temperature, which significantly reduces the energy cost of heating a container with batteries to a predetermined temperature and allows the maximum use of the thermal energy of electric heaters for heating.

Therefore, the claimed utility model meets the requirements of novelty.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing of FIG. one.

The battery 1 is located inside a heat-insulating heated container 2 with a lid. The influence of ambient temperature on the battery in this case is minimal. The flexible heating element is in direct contact with the battery, located on the side inner surfaces of the container 2 and is made in the form of multilayer electrically heated mats 3 made of dacron threads with a resistive spraying of silver (metal oxides). To increase the efficiency of the heating elements, the composition of the heated mats 3 includes a reflective layer made of aluminum film by the vacuum deposition method, flexible heating elements are located decentrally, i.e. with offset, which allows you to connect them stepwise, by increasing the heat transfer surface depending on the ambient temperature. The heated container 2 is equipped with an exhaust fan 4 for ventilation of the container before starting the engine. The control element in the form of a controller 5 is attached to the outside of the heated container 2. Temperature sensors 6 and 7 are attached to the heated container 2, respectively, inside and out. Wires from the controller 5, multilayer electrically heated mats 3 in the prescribed sequence are attached to the terminals of a small-sized power supply (lithium-ion polymer battery) 8 located inside the heated container 2 (shown conditionally), and the block with LEDs (information block) 9 is attached to the external side of the heated container 2 (shown conditionally).

On the inner side surface of the heated container 2, heated mats 3 are fixed with heating elements provided with contacts (not shown in the drawing) and connected by a current lead to a power source 8 (lithium-ion polymer battery), mounted inside the heated container 2, and also having terminals (on not shown) with a charger socket for connecting an external power source (vehicle, mobile power source). The degree of heating of multilayer electrically heated mats 3 is regulated by a temperature sensor 6.

The electrically heated mats 3 are made of four layers arranged in the following sequence (from top to bottom) in accordance with FIG. 2:

- the first layer 1 - is designed for intense heat transfer to the battery, and also provides a snug fit of the heated mat to the battery housing, taking into account the geometric shape of the battery, a sufficiently thin part of the first layer of the multi-layer heated mat provides minimal thermal clearance;

the second layer 2 is a layer with placed heating elements, which can be connected stepwise and in groups. The heating temperature of heating elements made of lavsan filaments with resistive deposition of silver (metal oxides) depends on the current density flowing through the heating wires, which is directly related to the magnitude of the electric voltage supplied to specially formed current-carrying tires (not shown in the figure), previously applied to a layer of material. By setting the magnitude of the supply voltage, it is possible to regulate the heat release of the heating wires, and hence their temperature;

third layer 3 - a protective insulating layer is designed to give rigidity, flexibility, bending strength and moisture resistance, with low thermal conductivity and high permeability to thermal radiation;

fourth layer 4 - a reflective layer is placed on the back of the heated mat. The reflective surface of the reflective layer is directly coupled to the material of the insulating layer, for example, by applying a metal foil to the insulating layer by vacuum evaporation. This layer is designed to reduce heat transfer from the heating element to the external environment, with the placement of a ground loop along its perimeter (not shown in the figure).

The properties of each of the layers of electrically heated mat in the aggregate can provide the claimed technical result.

An electrically heated mat for heating the battery can be made in the form of an integral product.

A device for heating batteries operates as follows.

Rechargeable batteries 1 are placed in a heated container 2, which is closed from above by a lid that protects the battery from environmental influences, and multilayer electrically heated mats 3 located on the inner side surfaces maintain a predetermined temperature inside the container 2, depending on the ambient temperature.

Sensors 6 and 7 constantly monitor the temperature of the protected battery 1 and the ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature is within the comfortable range, the sensor 6 is turned off and only the sensor 7, which controls the ambient temperature, works. In this case, the control element 5 gives a signal or command to turn off the heating element 3, if it was previously turned on. When the ambient temperature drops below a temperature that is comfortable for the battery, both sensors 6 and 7 work. When the temperature in the heated container 2 with the placed battery 1 reaches a predetermined critical point, the control element 5 gives a signal or command to turn on the heating element 3. After the container 2 is heated up the battery 1 to the set temperature, the sensor 6 generates a signal to the control element 5, which gives the command to turn off the heating element 3.

The device for heating the battery is powered by a built-in lithium-ion polymer battery 8, which is pre-charged using a charger from the 220 V network through the terminal (not shown in Fig. 1). After turning on the electrically heated mats 3, the heating does not work continuously, but only if necessary. The operation scheme of the device for heating the battery is as follows: the temperature sensor 6 built into the electronic components of the second layer activates the heating system when the temperature of the heated mat 3 decreases to plus 20 ° C and turns off the heating when the temperature reaches plus 25 ° C, then the heated mats 3 gradually cool and give its heat to the battery 1 if the temperature drops to plus 20 ° C, the heating cycle is repeated. Thus, the specified temperature conditions for the battery 1 are provided, and the operating time of the lithium-ion polymer battery 8 is extended. To turn on the device for heating the battery 1, you need to put the battery 1 in a heated container 2, the presence (pressure) sensor located on the bottom is activated heated container (not shown in the figure), which will ensure the operation of the device for heating. When the battery 1 is removed from the car, the device for heating is automatically turned off.

All technical components that ensure the operation of the device for heating the battery are securely covered with protective insulating layers, so using the device to heat the battery is absolutely safe.

The continuous operation of the device for heating the battery without recharging is from 2 to 8 hours - it depends on the external ambient temperature. The device for heating the battery uses high-quality 900 mAh lithium-ion polymer batteries without a memory effect, which cannot be damaged by frequent charging and are designed for approximately 500 charge / discharge cycles.

The device for heating the battery is able to heat the container with the battery to a predetermined temperature when powered not only from the built-in lithium-ion polymer battery, but also from any, including autonomous current sources, in particular from any car battery, as well as from a portable a battery voltage of 12 ... 15 V DC. It is advisable, in some cases, to use a device for heating batteries, for example, during transportation on long trips in car bodies or in any specially unheated rooms, storages and cabins of other vehicles. At the same time, the problems with the electric capacity of current sources are greatly simplified, since autonomous power sources, energy-consuming car batteries (with running generators) can always be used as a current source, and in this case there is no need to think about energy savings during generator operation.

When using a device for heating batteries in inhabited (uninhabited) rooms (if necessary), there is no need to use autonomous power sources for heating, since it is quite acceptable and advisable to use various kinds of DC and AC chargers that are widely used in everyday life. The electrical parameters of these universal devices such as "ADAPTOR." Are quite acceptable for the operation of the battery heating device. They are reliable, small-sized and suitable for all their electrical parameters, they are powered by 220 V AC, i.e. from the city electric network.

The total time of continuous operation of the battery heating device is determined by the electric capacity of the current source used. For example, a current source having an electric capacity of 2 Ah, at a discharge current of 200 mA, is able to heat a container with batteries (generate heat) continuously for 7 ... 8 or more hours.

There are many different design options for the placement and fixing of the fuel elements 3 in a heated container 2.

The combination of high heat resistance of dacron filaments with resistive silver sputtering coaxially placed on the upper plane of the heated layer and low electrical conductivity of the reflective layer is coupled directly with the material of the insulating layer, for example, by applying a metal foil to the insulating layer by vacuum evaporation, this flexible, durable wire made of silver dacron filaments with a resistive coating of silver as a heating element. The heating temperature of Dacron yarns with resistive silvering depends on the density of the current flowing through the conductive layer of Dacron yarns with resistive silvering, which is directly related to the magnitude of the voltage supplied to specially formed current-carrying tires, previously applied to the main part of the electrically heated mats.

The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed device for heating the battery lies in the fact that the use of dacron threads with a resistive coating of silver can reduce the geometric dimensions of the heating mats, provide better thermal contact between the electrically heated mats 3 and the battery 1, respectively, to increase the efficiency of heat transfer from the heating element .

Technical result: quick and reliable heating of a heated container, as well as heating the battery to a predetermined temperature, as well as a more complete and efficient use of the heat released by the heating elements, the efficiency increases, which allows the maximum use of the thermal energy of electric heaters to heat the battery as a whole.

Compared with the prototype in the proposed device provides continuous heating of the batteries.

Claims (1)

A device for heating batteries, including a means of thermal insulation and heating means, equipped with a control unit made in the form of an ambient temperature sensor, a temperature sensor of a heated container and a control element associated with a heated container, a heating element and the environment, characterized in that in a heated container containing a frame with flexible heating elements located on the inner side surface, made in the form of many layer electrically heated mats made of dacron yarns with resistive silver (metal oxide) spraying to increase the efficiency of the heating elements, the heated mats include a reflective layer made of aluminum film by vacuum deposition, the flexible heating elements are decentralized, i.e. . with offset, which allows you to connect them stepwise, by increasing the heat transfer surface depending on the ambient temperature, and the heated container is equipped with an exhaust fan to ventilate the heated container before starting the engine.

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