RU13872U1 - RESCUE KIT FOR EVACUATION OF PEOPLE FROM BUILDINGS (OPTIONS) AND BUILDING EQUIPPED WITH RESCUE KITS - Google Patents

Description

Rescue kit for evacuating people from buildings (options) and a building equipped with rescue kits.

The proposed utility model relates to life-saving appliances used in emergency situations, in particular during fires, to evacuate people from the premises of buildings both to rooms located below or to the ground, and to the top.

Mostly, the proposed utility model relates to life-saving appliances, which are equipped with buildings in order to ensure the evacuation of people through the windows of the premises before the arrival of firefighters. The main requirements that such life-saving appliances must satisfy are the reliability of the structure, ease of operation, which does not require special training, as well as small dimensions, which ensure ease of storage.

Known trigger device according to copyright certificate SU, A1 No. 1655518, containing a cord for lowering people and a brake device through which the cord passes. Before the descent, the braking device is regulated depending on the mass of the person and the given initial and highest speeds of descent in order to ensure safe descent due to the friction force arising in the braking device under the influence of the weight of the person.

20 00 1-0 3 6 2 O

Mkl.6: A62 V 1/14

The known device has a fairly small size, however, the necessary initial adjustment of the brake device for the mass of the descent person increases the evacuation time, requires special training for the operation of such a device. In addition, the device according to A.S. No. 1655518 can only be used for lowering people and does not allow evacuation up to higher floors of the building.

Known Rescue kit for emergency descent according to the author’s certificate, SU, A1 No. 1720654, comprising a descent device made of multilane polymer tearing fabric with a breaking force equal to the average weight of a person, and means for attaching the device to the power elements of the building, made in the form of soft links with carbines. Power strips of fabric in the upper part of the panel end with loops connected to the bar, on which soft links with carbines are fixed.

This device operates as follows. The bar, with the help of soft links and carabiners fixed to it, is attached to the power element of the building structure, for example, to the balcony. The rolled sheet is thrown down. The extreme right power strip with a loop is removed from the rod stop. The power strip with a noose loop is put on the hand of the person being saved, with the other hand the latter holds onto the strip above the noose. The descent is repelled from the building element and lowers due to the destruction of the calibrated weave of the fabric between the first and second bands under the influence of body weight.

unlike a device for moving people around A.S. No. 1655518 operation of the device according to A.S. No. 1720654 does not require special training of the rescued, but it is more cumbersome.

As a device for moving people around A.S. No. 1655518, and the device according to A.S. No. 1720654 provide the evacuation of the rescued only from the upper floors down and do not allow the salvage to be raised to higher floors.

In addition, when equipping buildings with known rescue kits, it is assumed that the devices for moving people are secured to existing structural elements of buildings, such as balconies, etc.

Elements of power structures of buildings, on which the means of fastening devices for moving people can be fixed, are not always accessible from burning rooms, which makes it difficult and sometimes impossible to operate known devices. In addition, the process of securing known devices for moving people requires time and skills, which also complicates the safe evacuation of people.

The basis of this utility model is the task of creating a small-sized, simple and reliable in operation rescue kit for evacuating people from buildings, and to ensure the possibility of bringing it into working position in a minimum time.

The problem is solved in that in the rescue kit for the evacuation of people from buildings, containing a device for moving people and a means of attaching the specified device to the power structures of the building, according to the proposed utility model, the device for moving people is made in the form of a folding ladder along the length.

According to a preferred embodiment of the ladder, the folding ladder comprises at least two cable supports and rigid crossbars fixed between the supports.

It is advisable that the ladder was made of heat-resistant material.

The evacuation of people from burning buildings by stairs does not require special training of the rescued, which ensures the simplicity and reliability of the evacuation. In this case, the evacuation of the rescued through the window of the room by the stairs can be carried out both from the premises of the upper floors to the lower or to the ground, and from the rooms located lower up.

A staircase with cable supports, i.e. a cable ladder, is compact when folded and is easy to store.

The means for attaching the staircase to the building’s power structures is a detachable connection of two interconnected parts, in which the first part is connected to the end of the staircase and the second

part is made with the possibility of hard mounting in the wall of the building.

It is advisable that the first part of the detachable connection was made in the form of at least one carbine, and the second part in the form of at least one anchor hook.

The presence of an anchor hook that is rigidly fixed in the wall of the building provides the ability to set the ladder to the working position in the shortest time, regardless of the structure of the building, in particular, the possibility of access to the curtains or other elements of the power structures, which can be crucial in fire conditions.

It is also advisable that the rescue kit contains packaging for storing the stairs folded, made with the possibility of its mounting on the wall of the building.

Thanks to such a design of the means for securing the stairs and the presence of packaging for storing the kit, convenient storage of the kit and quick and reliable installation of the ladder into position are ensured.

To accelerate the evacuation through the window of the room, the rescue kit is equipped with a hammer, which is used to break the glass of the window if the window cannot be opened. It is advisable to fix the hammer at the free end of the stairs.

The problem is also solved by the fact that in the rescue kit for the evacuation of people from buildings, containing a folding device for moving people and a means of fastening the said device to the power structures of buildings, according to the proposed technical solution, the means of fastening the specified folding device is made with the possibility of hard fastening in the wall of the building.

The fastener may be in the form of an anchor hook.

Rigid fastening in the wall of the fastening means of the folding device for moving people provides the ability to bring the device for moving people to a working position in a short time, regardless of the structure of the building, in particular, the ability to access balconies or other elements of power structures, which can be crucial in fire conditions.

The task is also solved by the fact that in a building with premises that have windows, equipped with rescue kits for evacuating people, despite the fact that each of the rescue kits contains a folding device for moving people and means of attaching the specified device to the building’s power structures, according to the proposed technical solution, means fastening a folding device for moving people contains a part, rigidly fixed in the wall of the building near the window.

The equipment of buildings with rescue kits, including a folding device for moving people, part of the fastening means of which is rigidly fixed in the wall of the building near the window, allows you to quickly start the evacuation of people through the windows of such a building when the path to the stairwells from the premises of the building is cut off, for example, in case of fire.

Moreover, it is preferable that the folding device for moving people was made in the form of a ladder containing at least two cable supports and rigid crossbars fixed between the supports.

It is advisable that in each rescue kit a folding device for moving people was fastened with a means of fastening it. The use of integral coefficients allows to simplify the design of the fastening means, and thereby reduce the cost of the kit, and

also further reduce the time it takes to prepare the kit for evacuating people,

In one embodiment of the implementation of this technical solution, a part of the fastening means of the folding device for moving people fixed in the wall of the building is fixed outside the building near the window, within reach of the rescuer.

In this embodiment, it is advisable that the part of the fastening means to be fixed to the wall of the building be fixed to the side of the window. This ensures greater reliability of evacuation in the event of a fire, since a device for moving people hanging along a blind section of a building’s wall will not be exposed to a flame that can escape from windows.

At the same time, it is advisable that a folding device for moving people was fixed when folded near the window on the wall outside the building. In this embodiment, the tool for breaking window glass, if it is included in the rescue kit, is placed indoors.

In the future, the proposed utility model will be discussed in detail with examples of embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 schematically depicts a general view of a preferred embodiment of a rescue kit for evacuating people from buildings;

FIG. 2 is a section 2-2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 schematically depicts a building equipped with rescue kits, according to one embodiment of the proposed technical solution;

The application contains a table of technical characteristics of the cables that can be used in the manufacture of folding devices for moving people.

In FIG. 1, a diagram illustrates an example of the implementation of the rescue kit for evacuating people, mainly through the window of the room, the kit contains a device for moving people and means for attaching it to the wall of the building.

According to a preferred embodiment of the proposed utility model, the device for moving people is made in the form of a folding ladder 1.

Means 2 mounting ladder 1 is made as a detachable connection of two parts. In this embodiment, the first part is an installer’s carabiner 3, or a climbing carabiner, which is connected to the ladder 1, the second part, intended for fixing in the wall of the building, is made in the form of an anchor hook 4.

The ladder 1 contains at least two cable supports 5 and rigid beams 6 fixed between the supports. It is desirable that the beams have a cylindrical or close shape.

The main parameters of the stairs 1, the type of material and the diameter of the cable supports 5, the period, the material and the diameter of the crossbeams 6 are selected from the conditions for ensuring the convenience of moving people, reliability, the smallest weight per meter of the stairs, simplicity of manufacturing technology, and the cost of the kit.

In particular, the dimensions of the elements of the stairs 1 can be selected in the following ranges:

-period (distance between the crossbars 6) 250 - 500 mm

-bar diameter 620-40 mm

- length of rungs 6200 - 400 mm

It is preferable that in the rescue kit that the building’s room is equipped with, the length of the stairs should be at least the distance from the window of this room to the ground. In this case, the load that the cable supports 5 must withstand can be determined on the basis of ensuring the possibility of simultaneous movement of 1 people along the stairs with an interval at which they do not interfere with each other, for example, 3 meters.

The rescue kit shown in FIG. 1 contains a hammer 7 for breaking window glass, which can be fixed to the lower end of the staircase 1. Other means for breaking window glass can be used, in particular, a weighted lower rung of the staircase can be designed for this purpose.

To increase the safety of moving up the stairs, a safety device made according to one of the known schemes, for example, according to A.S. 1235416.

According to the simplest embodiment of the rescue kit, the ends of the cable supports 5 of the stairs 1 are used as a means of securing the stairs. In case of a fire in the building, the ends of the cable supports 5 are tied to any building structure, for example, a balcony.

FIG. 2 illustrates the construction of attaching the crossbar 6 to the cable support 5. Holes are made at the ends of the crossbars 6. The cable support 5, passed through the hole 8, covers the crossbar 3, making one and a half turns around it, and again passes through the hole 8.

Other options are possible for fastening the crossbars to the cable supports of the ladder, for example, along the edges of the crossbars instead of the transverse holes shown in FIG. 2, annular groove / can be made. In this case, the cable supports are tied with a knot around each crossbar on the corresponding annular grooves, due to which the position of the cable support assembly is fixed in the direction along the crossbar.

In sets of increased reliability and cost, for the manufacture of stairs, refractory materials or fireproof coatings are used.

In this case, modern synthetic fibers (ARMOS, CBM) of the Kevlar type are used as the material of the cable supports - non-combustible, high-strength, not subject to decay, resistant to aggressive environments, increased strength and wear-resistant. These materials retain 70% strength when exposed to temperatures up to + 300 ° C for 100 hours and are destroyed when exposed to temperatures of + 470 ° C for several minutes.

The Appendix contains a table of technical characteristics of the cables that can be used for the manufacture of cable supports for the stairs.

ten

steel cable can also be used as cable supports.

The crossbars can be made of wood, plastic or metal.

The crossbars made of wood may have a fire retardant coating, for example, SF-1 varnish manufactured in Russia (TU 2311-00403985717-97).

A variety of designs are known for anchor hooks or bolts intended for fastening in the walls of buildings.

In FIG. 3 shows an anchor hook 4 fixed in the wall 9. An anchor hook 4 contains a cylindrical body 10. In the body 10, an opening 11 is made at one end transverse to its axis, through which a ring 12 is passed, which can be rotated in the hole 11. The ring 12 is intended for fixing on it a carbine 3 in the implementation of the rescue kit depicted in FIG. 1. From the side opposite the hole 11, the body 10 ends with petals 13, made with the possibility of bending outward from the axis of the body 10. Anchor hook 4 also contains a spacer element 14 having a conical part 15, which, when driving the hook 4 into the one made for it the hole 16 in the wall 9, enters between the petals 13 and extends them outward. While the petals 13 abut against the walls of the holes 16, providing reliable fixation of the anchor hook 4 in the wall 9.

The composition of the rescue kit may include 1/1 package (not shown) for storing the stairs 1 when folded. Packing provided

means for fixing it on the wall of the building, which allows you to place the staircase next to the anchor hook 4.

In the rescue kit for evacuating people from buildings, containing a folding device for moving people and the means of fastening this device to the building’s power structures connected with it, the means of fastening shown in FIG. 3 anchor hook 4. Ring 12 of anchor hook 4 is used to secure the upper end of the folding device to move people thereon. In the rescue kit, which includes a cable ladder as a folding device for moving people, the ends of the cable supports of the ladder are inseparably fastened with a ring 12.

When equipping a building with rescue kits, each of which includes a folding device for moving people and a means of securing this device, containing a part fixed in the wall of the building, the one shown in FIG. 3 anchor hook 4, which is fixed in the wall of the building near the window.

It is preferable to equip buildings with rescue kits according to the technical solution depicted in FIG. 1.

When equipping the building with rescue kits, various options for their placement are possible, determined by the choice of the anchor hook fixing location 4 (Fig. 3). The choice of option depends on the purpose of the building and other specific conditions.

the convenience of starting the descent. When using an economical rescue kit in which the ladder is permanently attached directly to the anchor hook 4, it is advisable to fix the ladder in the package to the wall of the room next to the anchor hook 4.

In the case of placing the anchor hook 4 on the outside of the wall of the building, it is preferable to fix it on the side of the window, within reach of a person, as this provides the best chance of a successful evacuation in case of fire if the flame breaks out of the windows of the building.

In FIG. 4 schematically shows a building equipped with rescue kits according to a variant in which both the anchor hook 4 and the ladder laid in the package 17 are fixed on the outside of the building wall to the side of the window 18.

When placing the anchor hooks 4 on the outside of the wall of the building, it is preferable to alternate the sides of the windows from which the anchor hooks 4 are fixed, by floors, as shown in FIG. 4, to reduce the likelihood of mutual interference with evacuation from different floors of a multi-storey building.

If the carabiner 3 fastened with a cable ladder is included in the rescue kit (Fig. 1), then the cable ladder when folded can be stored in an accessible place indoors in any of the options described above.

When evacuating from a building through a window down, the rescue kit depicted in FIG. 1 are used as follows. Take the ladder 1 from the place of its storage indoors. Open the window, or break it with a hammer 7. Connect the carabiner 3 with the ladder 1 fixed on it with the anchor hook 4 and drop the ladder 1 into the window. In this case, the hammer 7 serves as a load facilitating the unwinding of the ladder 1. The first rescuer grabs the ladder 1 by the reps, puts his feet on the crossbars 6 and starts the descent. When the first person saved descends to a distance exceeding the height of the person, the next one begins to descend behind him.

If evacuation from the lower rooms is required upward, then staircase 1 is lowered from higher floors and the rescued along it rise up.

From the description of the above it is clear that the considered implementation options allow modifications that are obvious to a person skilled in the art, and do not go beyond the essence of the proposed technical solution, which is determined by the formula of the utility model given below.

Appendix Table Column Designation:

1- Name and characteristic of the rope;

 2- Diameter, (mm);

3- Breaking strength, statistical, not less (kgf);

4- Elongation at a load of 100, %%;

5- Elongation at break %%;

6- Weight 1m no more (g);

7- Operating temperature range, ° С

Appendix (sheet 2)

Claims (16)

1. A life-saving kit for evacuating people from buildings, comprising a folding device for moving people and means for attaching said device to the power structures of the building, characterized in that the device for moving people is made in the form of a ladder folding along the length.  2. The rescue kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the ladder contains at least two cable supports and rigid crossbars fixed between the supports.  3. The rescue kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the ladder is made of heat-resistant material.  4. The rescue kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the ladder mounting means comprises a first part made with the possibility of its fastening in the wall of the building, and a second part detachably connected to the first part, fastened to the upper end of the ladder.  5. The rescue kit according to claim 4, characterized in that the first part of the detachable connection is made in the form of at least one anchor hook, and the second part in the form of at least one carbine.  6. The rescue kit according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a package for storing the stairs folded, made with the possibility of its mounting on the wall of the building.  7. The rescue kit according to claim 1, characterized in that for the evacuation of people through the window of the room, the rescue kit contains a means for breaking the window glass.  8. The rescue kit according to claim 7, characterized in that the means for breaking the window pane is made in the form of a hammer connected to the lower end of the stairs.  9. A life-saving kit for evacuating people from buildings, comprising a folding device for moving people and a means of fastening said device to the power structures of a building fastened with it, characterized in that the fastening means is adapted to be fixed to the wall of the building.  10. The rescue kit according to claim 9, characterized in that the means of fastening the specified device is made in the form of an anchor hook.  11. A building with rooms having windows, equipped with rescue kits for evacuating people, and the rescue kit contains a folding device for moving people and means for attaching the specified device to the power structures of the building, characterized in that the means for fastening the folding device for moving people contains a part, fixed in the wall of the building near the window.  12. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that the folding device for moving people is made in the form of a ladder containing at least two cable supports and rigid crossbars fixed between the supports.  13. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that in each rescue kit, a folding device for moving people is fastened with its fastening means.  14. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that said part of the fastening means of the folding device for moving people is fixed in the wall outside the building.  15. The building according to 14, characterized in that the specified part of the fastening device for moving people is fixed to the side of the window. 16. The building according to 14, characterized in that the folding device for moving people is fixed when folded near the window on the wall outside the building.