RU138349U1 - FILTERING CARTRIDGE FOR PURIFICATION OF CHROM-CONTAINING WATER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A filter cartridge for purification of chromium-containing water, consisting of a series-connected node for the supply of purified water, including a shell with radial slots, equipped with fastening means in the filter, made in the form of a cylindrical shell with a thread on the outer surface; a filtration unit, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, on the bases of which grids are installed, and equipped with a mixture of granular adsorbent components and a layer of non-woven filter cloth adjacent from the inside to the mesh in the lower part of the filtration unit; node output purified water, made in the form of a funnel with an obtuse angle and a hole in the middle, characterized in that it contains a polymer container adjacent from the inner side to the mesh in the upper part of the filtration unit, equipped with holes and containing granular reducing material, while as a reducing agent a material is used that has a redox potential sufficient to reduce chromium (VI) to chromium (III), with a grain size of 0.5 ÷ 1.2 mm, and the amount of reducing agent is 3 ÷ 10 vol.%. 2. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the following composition is used as granulated adsorbent components, wt.%: The silver content in the silver-containing activated carbon is at least 0.1 wt.%. 3. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the reducing material has a standard redox potential that differs from the standard redox potential of the pair by less than 0.4 V. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in

Description

The utility model is designed to produce benign drinking water and can be used in household filters as a replaceable filter cartridge for treating drinking water with a high content of chromium (III, VI).

There is a method of purifying water from chromates [RU 2104958], including passing water through filters with a highly basic anion exchange resin followed by regeneration with a reaction agent, characterized in that the regeneration is carried out with solutions of salts of strong acids and alkali metals or a mixture thereof, and the resulting eluates are purified from chromates and reused after adjusting the composition and acidification, and the regeneration solution is used with a mass concentration of salts of 4 to 10% and a pH of ~ 3.

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to purify water to a condition suitable for drinking.

A known method of wastewater treatment from chromium (III, VI) ions by the deposition of sparingly soluble compounds [RU 2377188], characterized in that

Wastewater treatment is carried out by the sequential addition of an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate solution to a pH of 7-8, then, after separation of the precipitate formed, lime water is added in an equimolar amount to the chromium (VI) content, then after separation of the precipitate formed, the spent galvanic electrolyte is added in an amount determined by the preliminary breakdown, and at the end - spent lead electrolyte with a known concentration of lead ions.

The disadvantage of this method is the multi-stage cleaning process with the sequential addition of various solutions, which is difficult to implement in a domestic environment, as well as the inability to purify water to a condition suitable for drinking.

The technical task is to find a method of purifying water from chromium (III, VI), which would make minimal changes to the structural elements of the filter cartridge, for example one that is produced under the brand name "Barrier".

The closest in terms of features technical solution is a filter cartridge [RU 74822] (prototype), comprising a purified water supply unit connected to a fastening unit in a filter connected to a filtration unit connected to a purified water outlet unit, the filtration unit is made in the form of a shell, filled with a mixture of adsorbent components, the purified water supply unit is made in the form of a cone-shaped shell with radial slots, the mount in the filter is made in the form of a cylindrical shell with a thread on the outer surface of water, the outlet for purified water is made in the form of a funnel with an obtuse angle and the hole in the middle, a mesh is installed above the filtration unit, characterized in that an additional filtration unit is installed between the filtration unit and the outlet for treated water, the mesh of the filtration unit is flat.

The filtration unit is filled with a mixture of adsorbent components, consisting of a mixture of silver-containing and non-silver-containing active carbons with an iodine number of at least 1 g / cm ³ and additionally contains carboxyl cation exchange resin, while silver-containing active carbon contains silver in an amount of at least 0.1 wt.%.

An additional filtration unit is made in the form of a mesh with layers of a non-woven filter cloth from ion-exchange fiber.

The disadvantage is that the utility model selected as a prototype effectively works only for water with a high iron content, while the degree of chromium removal is extremely low.

Declared as a utility model, the filter cartridge is aimed at achieving a comprehensive and effective in-house water treatment, characterized by a high content of chromium (III, VI).

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a filter cartridge for purification of chrome-containing water is proposed, consisting of serially connected: a supply unit of purified water, including a shell with radial slots, equipped with a fastening means in the filter, made in the form of a cylindrical shell with a thread on the outer surface; a filtration unit, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, on the bases of which grids are installed, and equipped with a mixture of granular adsorbent components and a layer of non-woven filter cloth adjacent from the inside to the mesh in the lower part of the filtration unit; node output purified water, made in the form of a funnel with an obtuse angle and a hole in the middle; characterized in that it contains a polymer container adjacent from the inside to the mesh in the upper part of the filtration unit, provided with openings and containing granular reducing material, while the reducing agent uses a material having a redox potential sufficient to reduce chromium (VI) to chromium (III), with a grain size of 0.5 ÷ 1.2 mm, and the amount of reducing agent is 3 ÷ 10 vol.%.

It is advisable that the following composition is used as a mixture of granular adsorbent components, wt.%:

silver activated carbon

with granule size 0.6 ÷ 1.7 mm - 20 ÷ 50;

Activated carbon

with granule size 0.3 ÷ 0.6 mm - 20 ÷ 50; carboxyl-containing cation exchangers - 5 ÷ 40,

the silver content in the silver-containing activated carbon is not less than 0.1 wt.%.

Preferably, the reducing material has a standard redox potential that differs from the standard redox potential of the Cr ³⁺ / Cr ₂ O ₇ ^2- pair by at least 0.4 V.

Preferably, the reducing material is selected from the range: magnesium sulfite, calcium sulfite, zinc sulfite, magnesium sulfide, calcium sulfide.

Preferably, the nonwoven filter web layer is made of cation exchange fibers or a combination of cation exchange and anion exchange fibers.

The essence of the proposed filter cartridge is that to increase the efficiency of purification of drinking water from chromium (VI), a reducing agent is additionally used, which ensures the transition of chromium from the oxidation state +6 (the form of presence in the solution is Cr ₂ O ₇ ^2- ) to the oxidation state + 3 (the presence in the solution is Cr ³⁺ before contact with the filter mixture, which allows it to be highly efficiently sorbed by granular and fibrous ion-exchange materials during the filtration process.

The use of the upper mesh allows to prevent leaching of the mixture of granular sorbents from the filtration unit.

The use of a layer of non-woven filter cloth adjacent to the mesh of the filtration unit located on the side of the outlet for purified water also avoids leaching of the particles of the filter mixture from the filter cartridge and increases the efficiency of removing harmful impurities.

The claimed content in the mixture of 3 ÷ 10 vol.% Reductant allows you to adapt the use of a filter cartridge for the purification of drinking water with different contents of chromium (VI).

The introduction of less than 3 vol.% Reducing agent does not allow to achieve a decrease in the concentration of chromium (VI) to a level below the MPC. The introduction of more than 10 vol.% Is impractical, since the content of 10 vol.% Of the reducing agent ensures the achievement of the concentration of chromium (VI) in the filtrate, corresponding to the detection limit of the method for its determination. In addition, it is economically unjustified.

The granule size of the reducing agent is due to the fact that granules with a size of less than 0.5 mm impair hydrodynamics, in this case, reduce the filtration rate, and more than 1.2 mm do not allow achieving the desired performance indicators for the removal of chromium (VI), because the effective surface of the reducing agent is reduced.

The reducing agent was obtained by extruding or tabletting by compression of a powdery material.

The essence of the claimed utility model is illustrated in the drawing and examples of its implementation.

In FIG. presents a drawing of a filter cartridge for purifying chromium-containing water, on which: 1 - radial slots; 2 - node supply of purified water; 3 - fastening means in the filter; 4 - upper grid; 5 - container; 6 - granular reducing material; 7 - filtration unit in the form of a hollow cylinder; 8 - a mixture of granular adsorbent components; 9 - a layer of non-woven filter cloth; 10 - bottom grid; 11 - node output purified water in the form of a funnel with an obtuse angle; 12 - hole of the funnel.

The filter cartridge works as follows (Fig.).

Using the fastening means (3), the cartridge is installed in a household filter. The threaded connection of the filter cartridge and filter allows you to move and tilt the filter with a sufficient degree of freedom.

The purified water through the radial slots (1) of the shell of the purified water supply unit (2) enters the upper mesh (4) and then to the filtration unit (7), in which it first passes through a polymer container (5) equipped with holes and containing granular material - a reducing agent (6), while the chromium contained in the liquid is reduced to the degree of oxidation that is effectively sorbed by a mixture of granular adsorbent components (8) located in the filtration unit (7) after the container (5) by the liquid flow. Passing through a mixture of granular adsorbent components (8), the liquid is also cleaned of active chlorine, organic and organochlorine compounds, pesticides, oil products, unpleasant odors and tastes. The carboxyl cation exchange resin contained in the mixture reduces water hardness and heavy metal content. The presence of silver in the composition of granular sorbents prevents biofouling of the material, i.e. creates a bacteriostatic effect. Next, the purified water falls on the layer of non-woven filter cloth (9), where suspended suspended fine particles are retained and additional selective cleaning takes place.

At the outlet of the filtration unit, water passes through the lower grid (10), enters the outlet of purified water (11) and through the hole (12) in an obtuse-funnel of the outlet node is poured into the collection tank of purified water.

As examples, the data of the protocol of laboratory studies of water samples from the centralized water supply system of Moscow, artificially contaminated with the studied pollutants, before and after using the inventive filter cartridge are given.

Example 1. A filter cartridge containing 3 vol.% Reducing agent.

Indicator Water before passing through the filter, cartridge Water after passing through the filter cartridge SanPiN norm 2.1.4.1074-01 Chromium (VI), mg / dm ³ 0.35 0.012 0.05 Chromium (III), mg / dm ³ 1.0 0.004 0.5 Iron, mg / dm ³ 0.9 0.084 0.3 Copper, mg / dm ³ 2.0 0.082 1.0 Mercury, mg / dm ³ 0.006 <0.0001 0.0005 Cadmium, mg / dm ³ 0.005 <0.0001 0.001 Lead, mg / dm ³ 0.06 <0.0001 0.03 Free chlorine, mg / dm ³ 1.2 0.058 0.3 ÷ 0.5 Phenol, mg / dm ³ 0.01 <0.0001 0.001 Chloroform, mg / dm ³ 0.80 <0.005 0.2 Benzene, mg / DM ³ 0.05 0.0009 0.01 Gamma-HCH (lindane), mg / dm ³ 0.02 <0.0001 0.002

Example 2. A filter cartridge containing 10 vol.% Reducing agent.

Indicator Water before passing through the filter, cartridge Water after passing through the filter cartridge SanPiN norm 2.1.4.1074-01 Chromium (VI), mg / dm ³ 0.35 0.002 0.05 Chromium (III), mg / dm ³ 1.0 0.003 0.5 Iron, mg / dm ³ 0.9 0.074 0.3 Copper, mg / dm ³ 2.0 0.081 1.0 Mercury, mg / dm ³ 0.006 <0.0001 0.0005 Cadmium, mg / dm ³ 0.005 <0.0001 0.001 Lead, mg / dm ³ 0.06 <0.0001 0.03 Free chlorine, mg / dm ³ 1.2 0.064 0.3 ÷ 0.5 Phenol, mg / dm ³ 0.01 <0.0001 0.001 Chloroform, mg / dm ³ 0.80 0.012 0.2 Benzene, mg / DM ³ 0.05 0.0012 0.01 Gamma-HCH (lindane), mg / dm ³ 0.02 0.0008 0.002

The implementation of the claimed filter cartridge for the purification of drinking water allows for the effective removal of excessive amounts of salts and contaminants, and through the introduction of a reducing agent and a non-woven filter cloth, it also allows the use of water sources with a high content of chromium (III, VI).

Claims (4)

1. A filter cartridge for purification of chromium-containing water, consisting of a series-connected node for the supply of purified water, including a shell with radial slots, equipped with fastening means in the filter, made in the form of a cylindrical shell with a thread on the outer surface; a filtration unit, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, on the bases of which grids are installed, and equipped with a mixture of granular adsorbent components and a layer of non-woven filter cloth adjacent from the inside to the mesh in the lower part of the filtration unit; node output purified water, made in the form of a funnel with an obtuse angle and a hole in the middle, characterized in that it contains a polymer container adjacent from the inside to the mesh in the upper part of the filtration unit, provided with holes and containing granular material-reducing agent, while as a reducing agent a material is used that has a redox potential sufficient to reduce chromium (VI) to chromium (III), with a grain size of 0.5 ÷ 1.2 mm, and the amount of reducing agent is 3 ÷ 10 vol.%. 2. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the following composition is used as granulated adsorbent components, wt.%: silver activated carbon with a granule size of 0.6 ÷ 1.7 mm 20 ÷ 50 Activated carbon with a granule size of 0.3 ÷ 0.6 mm 20 ÷ 50 carboxyl-containing cation exchangers 5 ÷ 40 while the silver content in silver-containing activated carbon is not less than 0.1 wt.%. 3. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the reducing material has a standard redox potential that is different from the standard redox potential of a pair $$C{r}^{3+}/C{r}_2{O}_7^{2-}$$

not less than 0.4 V. 4. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer of non-woven filter cloth is made of cation exchange fiber or its combination with anion exchange fiber.

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