RU136484U1 - SHALE DEPOSIT DEVELOPMENT MODULE - Google Patents

Abstract

The module for the development of shale deposits, made in the form of blocks isolated from each other by pillars, in the central part of each block, at the bottom of the deposit of the field, two horizontal wells are placed, in which the charging train is installed in the form of alternating charged and empty containers fixed to the cable equipped with the main detonating cords located along the entire length of the charging composition, connected at the wellhead and with detonators with closed conductors, the end face of the containers filled with explosives was formed with a cumulative recess, the second end was plugged, these containers were equipped with two short-delay detonators mounted on a segment of a detonating cord located in the inner cavity of the container, while the outlet of one of these detonators was connected to the main trunk line of the detonating cord, the second branch is attached to the backup line; vertical wells equipped with Hobot-Tornado vortex pumps with fountain-airlift pipes are placed along the module block contour.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of gas and oil production and leaching of trace elements from shale deposits; it can be used to develop shale deposits as close as possible to developed megalopolis infrastructures.

Traditional methods of oil production are forced to leave up to 40-60% of technogenic reserves in separate reservoirs. Integrated economically viable technologies are needed to develop these residues, this mainly relates to shale deposits. The costs of drilling and equipping technological equipment cannot be recouped without comprehensive extraction of the entire volume of mineral resources and an increase in the service life of production wells.

Hydrocarbons in shale deposits are in a gaseous, liquid and solid state in the pores of the reservoirs and make up 10-30% of the mass of the rock, in shales of very high quality can reach 50-70%). Combustible shale deposits are characterized by fine-grained sedimentary rocks containing minerals, including shale containing a significant amount of trace elements that plants accumulated as a result of bioaccumulation, such as lithium, titanium (up to 5400 g / t), boron (up to 10 g / t), rubidium, tantalum (0.28 g / t), selenium (up to 100 g / t), molybdenum (up to 750 g / t), rhenium (0.8 g / t), silver (3.2 g / t), gold (0.2 g / t), vanadium (up to 680 g / t), thorium (up to 12 g / t), barium (570 g / t), mercury, chromium (up to 380 g / t), tungsten (300 g / t), arsenic (2000 g / t), uranium (85 g / t), manganese (up to 290 g / t), germanium (up to 6 g / t), zirconium (5 30 g / t), beryllium (10 g / t), scandium (5.6 g / t), copper (up to 20 g / t), nickel (up to 57 g / t), cobalt (up to 27 g / t) , gallium (up to 4.2 g / t), strontium (up to 500 g / t) and other elements. In addition, shale deposits contain large amounts of kerogen, which in turn is of value as hydrocarbon feedstocks.

All these reserves can be located in areas with developed infrastructure and production, which are not covered by the interests of monopolistic organizations producing oil and gas in large areas and regions, since the process of producing shale oil gas is more complicated. For example, to produce bituminous oil, you need to pump a huge amount of water into the reservoirs, 9-10 barrels of water per 1 barrel of oil produced, while the hardened and viscous part of the oil is not extracted.

To increase oil and gas recovery, devices are used to develop gas and shale deposits using nuclear explosive technologies (V.I. Musinov Oil and gas production using nuclear explosions, Zh. Priroda, 1991, No. 11, pp. 25-33). The known device includes wells for the production of a nuclear explosion, production wells drilled after the explosion, located: - one in the zone of the cavity and two at a certain distance from it. The essence is the production in the reservoir of nuclear explosions of full internal action, not leading to the release of rocks to the surface.

The use of underground nuclear explosions opens up new broad prospects for intensifying the development of oil and gas fields, increasing their gas and oil recovery many times over.

One of the reasons restraining the widespread use of nuclear explosions in the oil industry is the risk of radiation contamination of the atmosphere, the area of work and produced products (oil, gas, water). Some phenomena and processes that are fundamentally important for the industrial implementation of nuclear explosive technologies (NWT) have not yet been fully studied. First of all, it is a long-term (hundreds and thousands of years) forecast of the danger of explosion products left underground. Therefore, the zones of underground explosions are alienated forever, and even more so they cannot be used near megacities.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved effect is the device injection wells in the field for hydraulic fracturing (hydraulic fracturing). As a result of its application, an increase in the permeability of the bottomhole zone of low-permeable, weakly drained, heterogeneous and dissected reservoir layers occurs. Hydraulic fracturing is the creation of artificial and expansion of existing cracks in the rocks of the bottomhole zone with high pressure, more than 60 MPa, of fluid. As a liquid, oil, fresh or mineralized water, oil products (fuel oil, kerosene, diesel fuel), etc. can be used. To prevent crack closure after reducing the pressure, either well-rounded coarse-grained sand or artificial plastic or glass balls are introduced into the liquid. Pure quartz sand with a grain size of 0.5 to 1.0 mm was most widely used for these purposes. The entire system of fractures obtained, the radius of action of which can reach several tens of meters, connects the well with the productive parts of the formation remote from the bottom. Fluid inflow to the well comes from previously isolated highly productive zones, and well production rates increase, sometimes several times.

The mechanism of fracturing during hydraulic fracturing is as follows: under the pressure generated by the pumping units in the well, the fracturing fluid is filtered primarily in the zone with the highest permeability. A vertical pressure difference is created between the layers, since the pressure in permeable layers is greater than in low-permeability layers. As a result, certain forces begin to act on the roof and sole of the permeable formation, higher and underlying rocks undergo deformation, and horizontal cracks form at the boundaries of the layers. It is necessary that the in-situ pressure is sufficient to ensure the flow of oil to the wells. In addition, in order to get good fracturing results, it is necessary to treat the wells with hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acids. After establishing pressure at the mouth of the injection wells, they are washed, cleaned of sand and chemical impurities, only after that they begin to develop them. (Methods of mechanical fracture of a formation or its bottom-hole zone, htth: www.qubkin.ru/faculty/maqistr-training/maqistranru/posobi 03/16/2013)

As can be seen, the extremely high resource intensity and low recoverability of highly viscous shale resins put the extraction method under consideration among inefficient and environmentally hazardous water resources.

Drilled wells quickly reduce their flow rate by 30-40% per year, while leaving in the bowels the main organic components in the form of dissolved kerogens, viscous shale resins and mineral components from the array, subject to hydraulic fracturing of reservoirs.

In addition, significant volumes of waste contaminated water can accumulate near the fields being developed, which is difficult to dispose of in compliance with environmental standards.

The proposed utility model is aimed at improving environmental safety and economic efficiency in the development of shale deposits in areas with developed infrastructure of megacities

The result is achieved by the fact that the module for the development of shale deposits is made in the form of blocks isolated from each other by pillars, in the central part of each block, at the bottom of the deposit of the field, two horizontal wells are located, in which the charging composition is installed in the form of alternating charged explosives and empty leaking containers fixed on a cable, equipped with detonating main lines located along the entire length of the charging train, connected at holes and with detonators with closed conductors, the working end of the containers filled with explosives, is made with a cumulative recess, the second end is plugged, these containers are equipped with two short-delay detonators mounted on a segment of the detonating cord located in the inner cavity of the container, while one tap of these detonators connected to the main trunk line of the detonating cord, the tap of the second is connected to the backup line; vertical wells equipped with Hobot-Tornado vortex pumps with fountain-airlift pipes are placed along the module block contour.

The shale field development module is shown in the drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the module; FIG. 2 - explosive composition device in a horizontal well; FIG. 3 - device vortex pump "trunk-tornado" with fountain-airlift pipes.

The explored ore field is divided into separate modules, composed of at least three blocks isolated from each other by pillars that provide a three-stage development of a shale deposit: mine fracturing and gas and gas condensate extraction; heat treatment of fractured formations and extraction of molten solid and viscous organic components; leaching of rare earth trace elements from the ash portion of burnt formations.

The development module for shale deposits is made in the form of blocks isolated from one another by pillars 1. In shale deposits, overlying the main shale deposit 2 (above the bottom of the deposit) there are cover rocks 3, then sediments 4. In the central part of each block, two are placed on the bottom of the deposit 2 horizontal wells 5, serving as mine chambers, in which a charging train is installed in the form of alternating charged 6 and empty leaking containers 7, mounted on a cable 8. s length charger installed backbone composition detonating cords 9, 10 connected at the wellhead 5, connected thereto electrodetonators 11 with closed conductors for protection from stray currents. The working end of the containers 6 filled with explosives is made with a cumulative recess 12, the second end is plugged with a plug 13. In charged containers 6, each part of the charge is sequentially blown up by short-delayed devices 14 through a detonating cord in the direction from the bottom to the wellhead 5, reducing the seismic effect of the explosion, why these containers 6 are equipped with two short-acting detonators 14 mounted on a segment of the detonating cord located along the containers 6, while the tap one th of said detonator is connected to the main trunk line of detonating cord 9, the withdrawal of the second - is connected to a backup line 10.

Vertical wells 15, equipped with Hobot-Tornado vortex pumps 16, consisting of a swirl cone 17, made in the form of a funnel-cone, in the lower part of which a tangential pipe 18 for supplying compressed gas, and in the upper part a prefabricated cochlea 19 is installed, connected to the main pipelines for extracting extracted products. (The operation of the Hobot-Tornado vortex pumps is described in an article by I.K. Sadrtdinova, A.M. Musaev. Use of bladeless draft blowers in municipal and industrial facilities for moving high-temperature and aggressive gases / Izvestiya KG ASU, No. 1 (13), 2010 , p. 212-218). For the selection of viscous and molten resins, the Hobot-Tornado vortex pump 16 is equipped with fountain 20 and airlift 21 pipes, which ensure the operation of the pumps in a gaseous liquid oil medium and leach sludge at temperatures up to 600 degrees.

The development of the shale field begins with a mine rupture of the shale formations 2. The blasting of the charge composition is carried out in parts, in a slow-moving manner, with air gaps, in order to reduce the seismic effect of the blast and preserve the pillars 1. The impact on the in-situ pressure after the formation 2 fracture is carried out through the vertical parts of the horizontal 5 and vertical wells 15. All production wells 15 undergo perforation of faces, are equipped with vortex pumps “Hobot-Tornado” 16 with fountain-airlift pipe mi 20, 21.

After rupture of the shale formation 2, methane and gas condensate components do not migrate to the cover formation 3, due to the effect of rarefaction at the bottom of the wells 15, the in-situ pressure changes the vector of motion of gaseous products along the fractures of the layers 2, directing them to the bottom of the production wells 15.

In the process of rock fracture, a compression wave is involved, forming a series of radial cracks, propagating uniformly in all directions from the bottom of the formation 2, and a reflected tensile wave, causing spall fracture in the roof of the formation. These phenomena can be controlled by a change in the specific consumption of explosives.

In Hobot-Tornado vortex pumps 16, oil gases or compressed air with a pressure of at least 2.0 MPa are used to create an upward vortex with a tangential supply to the cone — swirl 17 through tangential pipe 18 equipped with a Venturi nozzle. Vortex upward flow at the wellhead 15 creates a vacuum at the bottom, affecting the in-situ pressure by distributing it across the vertical production wells 15. The vortex flow from the cone-swirl 17 of the Khobot-Tornado vortex pump 16, together with the extracted products, enters the collection coil 19 and goes into trunk pipelines or metering plants.

In the initial period, the selection of the gas phase from the strata is carried out through a fountain pipe 20, which, if necessary, can be converted into airlift pipe 21 when selecting viscous and molten resins. The Hobot-Tornado vortex pump 16 can work with gas, gas condensate, liquid and molten resins at temperatures up to 600 degrees

Assembly and installation of the charging composition is carried out by lowering into the horizontal part of the well 5 charged 6 and empty 7 leaking containers. Each container at the wellhead 5 is wrapped with adhesive tape together with the main detonating cords 9 and 10 and the fixing cable 8.

After completion of the mine fracturing and extraction of gases and gas condensates, thermal heating of the layers 2 is carried out, the extraction of liquefied oils and shale resins. To do this, use the vertical parts of horizontal wells 5, through which high-temperature products of combustion under high pressure are supplied to the plantar of fractured, most permeable formations 2.

An increase in the temperature of the formations leads to the liquefaction of hardened and viscous shale resins, which are extracted by production wells 15 without changing their equipment, i.e. using vortex pumps ”Trunk-Tornado” 16.

With the complete exhaustion of liquefied shale resins, the burning out of organic residues and the formation of the ash part of the reservoirs, they proceed to the next stage of the development of the shale field by leaching the ash parts of the shale formations to extract rare earth trace elements. Leaching can be complex or selective, depending on the value of the extracted metals.

As blocks are mined, they can be used as chambers to return used solutions and oil refining wastes to the bowels.

Dividing the ore field of the shale deposit by pillars 1 into blocks allows you to stage by stage to develop it.

The proposed module for the development of shale deposits ensures the environmental friendliness of their development and the ability to get as close as possible to the developed infrastructures of megacities, which allows, on the basis of unlimited volumes of minerals, to create multidisciplinary processing enterprises as an organic base of unlimited volumes of minerals, to create multidisciplinary processing enterprises of both organic components and rare earth trace elements, some of which are especially valuable.

The environmental and economic efficiency of complex processing of extracted raw materials will significantly exceed traditional oil and gas production, especially in those regions where commercial oil and gas have not yet been found.

Claims (1)

The module for the development of shale deposits, made in the form of blocks isolated from each other by pillars, in the central part of each block, at the bottom of the deposit of the field, two horizontal wells are located, in which the charging train is installed in the form of alternating charged and empty containers fixed to the cable equipped with the main detonating cords located along the entire length of the charging composition, connected at the wellhead and with detonators with closed conductors, the end face of the containers filled with explosives was formed with a cumulative recess, the second end was plugged, these containers were equipped with two short-delay detonators mounted on a segment of the detonating cord located in the inner cavity of the container, while the outlet of one of these detonators was connected to the main trunk line of the detonating cord, the second branch is attached to the backup line; vertical wells equipped with Hobot-Tornado vortex pumps with fountain-airlift pipes are placed along the module block contour.

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