RU135899U1 - LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

A laboratory diagnostic device containing a cassette with test tubes for the test blood, a blood analyzer equipped with a test blood sampling mechanism, a computer, a display and a test results recorder, characterized in that the computer is configured to determine the blood parameters of the patient being examined and is supplemented with a microprocessor to determine the homeostatic activity of the body the examined patients, flash memory and a comparator, and flash memory contains information about the homeostatic activity of the body and its systems for healthy people (class “norm”) and people with some deviation from the norm and a known diagnosis (class “pathology”), belonging to the same sex, age group and living in the same area as the patients to be examined, in turn, the comparator, to the input of which information is received from the microprocessor and from the flash memory, compares the homeostatic activity in the groups “norm”, “pathology,“ current examination ”and displays a conclusion on the health status of the newly examined patients:“ norm ” ; "pathology".

Description

The inventive object relates to the section of medical equipment, more specifically to hematological analyzers equipped with computers, which allow you to automatically evaluate the patient’s health and the effect of the treatment.

Automated diagnostic medical systems are known (CASMON, AKSIS, Internist, etc.), designed to increase the efficiency of healthcare institutions, mainly its primary care unit - outpatient (Patent RU 2062042, 06/20/96 [1]). However, the known diagnostic systems [1], providing control of one or several diseases, do not allow to evaluate the whole complex not only of the reliably possible available clinically expressed pathology, but also does not make it possible to determine diseases of the body systems in the preclinical stage and do not provide a specific prognosis of diseases .

Currently, the patient’s health status is determined by examining various tests taken from the patient. For example, such a set of analyzes is a combination of laboratory blood analysis, biochemical blood analysis, urine analysis, x-ray examination of internal organs, computed tomography, electrocardiogram, NMR, etc. In addition, a patient undergoing a routine examination is sent for consultation with various specialists: therapist, neurologist , surgeon, ophthalmologist, etc. Thus, to determine the state of health of the patient requires considerable time for analysis both on the part of the patient and on the part of specialists, i.e. time to perform and process analyzes and time to work with a patient who may be completely healthy. All this is accompanied by high material costs.

There are cases when the time for assessing health needs to be minimized. This is especially important for inpatients, when after each treatment event it is necessary to evaluate its effectiveness in radiation and non-radiation accidents, or when conducting mass research, for example, in environmental disasters, when a huge amount of work, limited in time, requires a reduction in the time for each individual examination . This is also true during the annual medical examination, when a practically healthy patient cannot afford to spend a lot of time and money on examination.

However, the reduction of the examination time cannot be achieved by directly reducing the number of tests, since the modern methods of studying these tests are for the most part carried out by a doctor, who introduces a factor of subjectivity in the assessment and has low reliability. With existing methods, it is the number of tests taken that increases the reliability of assessing the state of the body.

The only way to accelerate the processing of a large amount of diagnostic data is to create automatic diagnostic tools based on computers and special mathematical programs that can quickly process a large number of analyzes and give an opinion on the health of the patient being examined. This issue is dedicated to our work.

The closest in design and claimed object is an automatic blood analyzer BC-5800 Mindray PRC, containing a cassette with test tubes for the test blood, a blood analyzer equipped with a blood sampling mechanism, a programmed control panel, a computer, a display and a recorder of test results (http: // www .labtorg.ru / product_4.html [2]).

The known analyzer [2] allows you to automatically determine a large number of parameters of the test blood.

Depending on the instrument settings, 25 or more peripheral blood counts can be determined.

The device uses a number of measurement methods:

Conductometric to determine red blood cells and platelets;

Photometric (SFT) cyanide-free method for determining hemoglobin;

Flow cytometry + laser scattering for the differentiation of leukocytes, etc.

The well-known analogue [2] was chosen by us as a prototype. The disadvantage of this device is that it does not allow, based on the processing of the obtained blood parameters, to evaluate homeostasis and homeostatic activity of the patient’s body and its systems. At the same time, these indicators of the organism and its systems are objective characteristics of the state of human health. The possibility of determining homeostasis and homeostatic activity of a patient by peripheral blood indices was first proved by R.V. Stavitsky et al. (Patent RU 2135997 C1, 03.19.98). And published in a number of monographs. “Blood - an indicator of the state of the body and its systems” Ed. Professor Stavitsky R.V. M. MNPI, 1999, 46-59.

"Prostate cancer (diagnostic methods, treatment, and dosimetric support)." Ed member of RAMS, Solodky V.A., Professor Stavitsky R.V. M. GART, 2012, 87-93 “Cervical cancer (treatment methods and dosimetric support” Ed. Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Solodky V.A., Professor Stavitsky R.V. M. GART, 2011, 55-76. And others.

Homeostasis is the relative dynamic constancy of the internal environment and the stability of the basic physiological functions of the body .. Homeostatic activity (GA) characterizing the dynamic monitoring of the state of the body over time or under the influence of various factors.

The aim of this work is to create a laboratory diagnostic device with the ability to automatically quantify homeostasis and homeostatic activity of the body and its systems in terms of peripheral blood. The technical result of the claimed facility is expressed in expanding the operational capabilities of the laboratory diagnostic device. It is achieved by the fact that in a laboratory diagnostic device containing a cassette with test tubes for test blood, a blood analyzer equipped with a blood sampling mechanism, a computer, a display and a recorder of test results, the computer is configured to determine the required blood parameters of the patient being examined, and is supplemented by a microprocessor to determine the homeostatic activity of the organism of the examined patients, flash memory and a comparator, and flash memory contains information about the homeostatic activity of the body and its system topics for practically healthy people (class “norm”) and people with some deviation from the norm and a known diagnosis (class “pathology”), belonging to the same gender, age group and living in the same area as the patients to be examined, in in turn, the comparator, to the input of which information is received from the microprocessor and from the flash memory, compares the homeostatic activity in the “normal”, “pathology,” “current examination” groups and issues a conclusion on the health status of the newly examined patients: “normal”; "pathology".

Figure 1 presents a block diagram of the proposed device.

The laboratory diagnostic device contains a blood analyzer 1, equipped with a peripheral blood sampling mechanism, including a carriage 2, on which a cassette 3 with tubes 4 with test blood 5 is fixed, as well as a pipette 6, mounted on a vertical movement mechanism 7. The blood analyzer 1 is connected to a programmable control panel 8, which controls the mechanism of blood sampling, and also sets the blood analyzer 1 the proper program for determining blood parameters, namely: leukocytes, red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes, granulocytes, hemoglobin and other peripheral blood of the examined patient . From the output of the blood analyzer 1, the electric signal is supplied by the driver 10 to the computer 9. A digital signal for each parameter of the patient’s test blood enters the memory cell 11 connected to the microprocessor 12, which solves the problem of comparing homeostasis and homeostatic activity of the patient’s body with the basic parameters ( 13) verified for the body and its 10 systems according to 4 parameters. This allows us to establish the state of the organism and its systems under study using the method of automated comparison according to the theory of pattern recognition and cluster analysis. Homeostasis and homeostatic activity is determined by the method proposed by R.V. Stavitsky et al. (Patent RU 2135997 C1, 19/03/98). Computer 9 contains a comparator, the input of which is connected to the output of microprocessor 12 and to flash memory 13. Resulting indications can be printed on a printer 16 connected to the display 15.

The use of our laboratory diagnostic device allows us to quickly and reliably automatically determine the patient’s health status and significantly reduce the examination time.

We give a clinical example. At the first stage of the examination of patient B. (53 years old), homeostasis of the body and its systems was established using the so-called health passport (figure 2). The patient was examined pelvic organs, including the cervix. Next, a course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and an operation to establish the form of the nature and prevalence of the disease (T ₂ N ₁ M ₀ ) were carried out. Next, a course of intracavitary radiation therapy was carried out using an apparatus such as AGAT-B. The total focal dose for intracavitary gamma therapy was SOD = 30 Gy. Then, two courses of remote radiation therapy at the accelerator were conducted. During the treatment, blood was regularly taken from the patient for analysis and processing using a laboratory diagnostic device. As a result, histograms of hemostatic activity (Fig. 3) of the whole organism (a) and its three systems: urological (B), gastrointestinal tract (c) and gynecological system (d) were obtained and analyzed.

NAHT - Nonadjuvant Chemotherapy

DLT ₁ - remote radiation therapy 1 course,

DLT ₂ - remote radiation therapy 2 course,

HSVT - intracavitary gamma therapy.

- характеризующий эффективность проводимого курса леченияBased on the data of FIG. 3. Table 1 is compiled, indicating homeostatic activity during the course of treatment. Parameter G - ratio of GAmax to GAmin, indicating the presence of a treatment effect, parameter

- characterizing the effectiveness of the course of treatment

Table 1. Homeostatic activity in the body and its systems Organ BUT, % Hamax,% Gamin,% G = Hamax / Hamine GAN,% Huck,% TO The whole body 60 one hundred fifteen 7 49 fifty one Urology 70 one hundred 3 33 65 57 1,1 Gastrointestinal tract fifty one hundred 3 33 48 25 1.9 Gynecology 40 one hundred 3 33 48 64 0.75

The data in table 1 show the presence of an effective effect of the treatment method on the body (G = 7), which allows one to ascertain the recovery of the urological system (K _y = 1.1) and the digestive tract (K _zhkt = 1.9) and the improvement of the state of the gynecological system (K _g = 0.75 with a norm of K = 1.0).

In the end, it should be noted that there is a significant reaction of the body and its systems (G = 6.0-33.3) to the course of treatment, which contributed to the improvement of the homeostatic activity of the gastrointestinal tract and gynecological system (K _{gastrointestinal tract} = 11.0, K _g = 1.0 ) and a temporary decrease in homeostasis of the whole organism (K _o = 1.0) and the urological system (K _y = 1.1). This is due to the increased reaction of the body to radiation exposure, which is usually eliminated after the end of the course of radiation therapy. The liquidation period depends on the degree of radiation damage. Especially great damage to the body with GA _n > 20 and K≥1. The mathematical apparatus of cluster analysis and pattern recognition theory, embedded in a modern computer of a laboratory diagnostic device, makes a sequential comparison of the peripheral blood indices of the patient under study with the indices entered into the training sample group. As a result, each patient who completed this study is characterized by a health certificate, thereby not only a damaged organ is established with a high degree of accuracy (87-96%), but also a quantitative assessment of the degree of damage to it. This ensures high-precision high-speed medical examination of the population. The system does not allow to establish a diagnosis of the disease, but with a high degree of accuracy indicates the affected organs and tissues, which allows the primary diagnosis of affected systems.

A feature of the laboratory diagnostic device is the ability to dynamically monitor the condition of the body and its systems during their treatment. In fact, this means the establishment of homeostatic activity of the body and its 10 systems and the quantitative implementation of a method of treating a disease.

Thus, for the first time in world practice, a system for assessing homeostasis and homeostatic activity of an organism and its 10 systems and the degree of their recovery in case of internal lesions was implemented.

Thus, a laboratory diagnostic device allows to determine the presence of early stages of diseases and evaluate the effectiveness of their treatment.

Claims (1)

A laboratory diagnostic device containing a cassette with test tubes for test blood, a blood analyzer equipped with a test blood sampling mechanism, a computer, a display and a log of test results, characterized in that the computer is configured to determine the required blood parameters of the patient being examined and is supplemented with a microprocessor to determine homeostatic activity of the body the examined patients, flash memory and a comparator, and flash memory contains information about the homeostatic activity of the body and its systems for healthy people (class “norm”) and people with some deviation from the norm and a known diagnosis (class “pathology”), belonging to the same sex, age group and living in the same area as the patients to be examined, in turn, the comparator, to the input of which information is received from the microprocessor and from the flash memory, compares the homeostatic activity in the groups “norm”, “pathology,“ current examination ”and displays a conclusion on the health status of the newly examined patients:“ norm ” ; "pathology".

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