RU134886U1 - DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE FOR VEHICLE ROLLING BEARING - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A diagnostic device for axlebox bearings, characterized in that it contains a ferromagnetic information element rigidly coupled to a separator for axlebox bearings, an induction sensor mounted on the axle of the diagnosed bearing and located opposite the ferromagnetic information element, a unit for measuring time intervals between pulses from a sensor, and a unit for generating and analyzing a series of measured time intervals, configured to determine the spread of their values cheny and mathematical processing to determine the deviation of the results obtained from znacheniy.2 predetermined range. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic information element is made in the form of a disk with alternating protrusions and depressions. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of protrusions is a multiple of or equal to the number of rolling bodies of the bearing being diagnosed.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of measurement technology and can be used for automated monitoring of the state of axle boxes of a vehicle in motion.

State of the art

A device is known from the prior art that implements a method for monitoring the condition of a axle box axle, disclosed in RU 2258017, published on 08/10/2005, in which axle box displacement is measured by optical range finders when a pair of wheels moves by comparing two measured linear wheel profiles with previously known profiles of the reference wheelset. Based on the comparison results, a conclusion is made about the condition of the axle box axle box. As one of the measured profiles use the outer profile of the wheel at the level of the axle box, and as the other - the profile of the inner side of the wheel at a level between the rail and the axis of the wheelset.

The disadvantages of this technical solution include the random nature of the measuring sample, which is obtained only when the wheelset passes by the optical sensors. In this method, the axle box is not under constant monitoring, which in principle cannot provide reliable diagnostics and timely warning of possible malfunctions.

The closest set of essential features to the claimed utility model is a rolling bearing diagnostic device according to the patent of the invention RU 2438900, published on 01.10.2012, including a zero reference sensor, a rotation sensor of a rotating bearing ring and a sensor for moving rolling elements or cage elements.

The disadvantages of this known device are the low accuracy of the measurements, as well as the inability to track changes in the object in real time, since this device only allows you to register the consequences of changes.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical result to which the claimed utility model is aimed is to increase the reliability of the diagnostic results of the current technical condition of the axle box bearing (BOD) of a wheel pair of a rail vehicle in motion and, accordingly, increase the safety of traffic.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the diagnostic device for the axlebox bearing contains a ferromagnetic information element rigidly coupled to the separator of the axlebox bearing, an induction sensor mounted on the axle of the diagnosed bearing and located opposite the ferromagnetic information element, a unit for measuring time intervals between pulses arriving from the sensor, and the unit for the formation and analysis of the series of measured time intervals, made with the possibility w dispersion determining their values and mathematical processing to determine the deviation of the results obtained from a predetermined range of values.

The ferromagnetic information element can be made in the form of a disk with alternating protrusions and depressions, while the number of protrusions can be equal to or a multiple of the number of rolling bodies of the diagnosed bearing.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device;

in FIG. 2 shows an image of a ferromagnetic information element made in the form of a comb;

in FIG. 3 shows a bipolar waveform of an induction sensor.

Utility Model Implementation

The diagnostic signal is obtained by placing the induction sensor opposite the information element, which is rigidly mounted on the separator and made of ferromagnetic metal, preferably in the form of a disk with protrusions and depressions formed on it. The protrusions and depressions can be performed in any known manner, for example, by milling. The presence of protrusions and grooves alternating around the circumference of the information element forms a so-called comb, in which the ferromagnetic protrusion alternates with an air gap, which leads to a sharp change in the magnetic induction during the rotation of the separator and allows to receive a bipolar signal from the sensor (the waveform is shown in Fig. 3 ), which is suitable for conversion into a measuring pulse used for further processing and analysis.

The number of protrusions is determined depending on the required diagnostic depth. For a “rough”, rough estimate, one protrusion is sufficient, but to obtain more detailed information about the technical condition of the bearing, the number of protrusions is required, preferably equal to or a multiple of the number of rolling bodies of the bearing being diagnosed. The signal received from the sensor enters the information processing unit, including the measuring pulse generation unit, the time interval measuring unit, and from there to the computer, which contains the diagnostic algorithms.

Diagnostics is carried out using several algorithms.

1. The basic algorithm is as follows: the time interval of the passage of the teeth relative to the sensor at a constant wheel speed is measured sequentially and neighboring time intervals are compared. If the time intervals are close in value, a conclusion is drawn about the normal motion of the separator, which has its own rotation speed, which is calculated from the geometric dimensions of the BOD elements (in our case, it is 0.407 of the shaft rotation speed). If the time intervals are reduced, it is concluded that the separator is slowing down, which indicates the beginning of its seizing on the outer ring, which has zero speed. If the time intervals steadily increase, then a conclusion is drawn about the beginning of its seizing on the inner ring, rotating with the speed of the shaft. In both cases, with the development of defects on these rings, the BOD is destroyed. In the first case, this occurs when the separator and the entire assembly are completely locked on the outer ring, with a separator speed of zero, heating and destruction of the inner ring from the resulting dry friction of the contacting surfaces. In the second case, this occurs when the outer ring, rotating with the speed of the shaft, is completely locked and the bearing is rotated in the axle box from the beginning on the grease residues, and then with dry friction. Experimental data show that for this, 10 minutes are enough for a box bearing in a train traveling at a speed of 100 km / h.

The diagnostic and emergency protection system based on the above algorithm should record the initial jerks of the separator and signal them to the competent authorities responsible for the safety of the train. Further, the system monitors these jerks, their frequencies, etc. Their transition to continuous lag, or acceleration of the separator indicates the imminent destruction of the BOD.

2. The second algorithm is based on the fact that in the axle box on the same axis are two BODs nearby. The tracking algorithm is the same as in paragraph 1, but preliminary decisions can be made based on a comparison of the behavior of these separators: a change in the rotation speed of one of them relative to the other can also serve as the first evidence of the beginning of the BOD failure, regardless of the reasons that caused it.

3. Comparison can also be organized within one side of the cart, the entire cart, wagon and the whole composition.

Claims (3)

1. A diagnostic device for axlebox bearings, characterized in that it contains a ferromagnetic information element rigidly coupled to a separator for axlebox bearings, an induction sensor mounted on the axle box of the bearing being diagnosed and located opposite the ferromagnetic information element, a unit for measuring time intervals between pulses from a sensor, and a unit for generating and analyzing a series of measured time intervals, configured to determine the spread of their values cheny and mathematical processing to determine the deviation of the results obtained from a predetermined range of values. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic information element is made in the form of a disk with alternating protrusions and depressions. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of protrusions is a multiple or equal to the number of rolling bodies of the diagnosed bearing.

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