RU134075U1 - DEVICE FOR THERMOCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF WATER AND ENERGY CONVERSION - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion, comprising a heating module and a steam generator module having a tank and a catalyst, characterized in that it contains two catalysts: an evaporator catalyst and an igniter catalyst, as well as a water preparation module connected to the steam generator. 2. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the water preparation module comprises a tank with activated water, a water structurizer and a water supply regulator valve. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the steam generator module contains a strong tank with a bottom in the lower part and a conical steam concentrator in the upper part, an evaporator catalyst installed on the bottom, a steam regulator-valve at the outlet of conical steam concentrator, at least one inlet pipe, at the end of which is installed at least one steam nozzle located under the bottom and against the igniter catalyst. 4. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating module is made in the form of a starting fuel supply device. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 4, characterized in that the starting fuel supply device comprises a fuel tank with a fuel line, a fuel control valve and a main burner, the axis of which is directed to the igniter catalyst. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the mod

Description

The utility model relates to power plants using thermochemical decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen, followed by combustion of the resulting hydrogen and other types of energy: mechanical or electrical.

A device for decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2232829, IPC C25B 1/04, publ. July 20, 2004

The invention relates to physicochemical technologies for the production of hydrogen and oxygen. The device has a cylindrical body made of dielectric material, an interelectrode chamber, a cathode with a conical outer surface with a lower nozzle and an axial hole for supplying a solution, an anode with a conical inner surface with an upper nozzle and an axial hole for gas exit. Conical hollow electrodes with axial holes having a diameter gradually increasing in the direction from the cathode to the anode are inserted into the housing. The electrodes are isolated from each other by sealing dielectric rings. EFFECT: production of hydrogen and oxygen by low-ampere electrolytic decomposition of water, reduction of energy costs.

Disadvantage: the device cannot be used to convert energy.

A device for generating energy according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 1085, IPC F01B 23/10, publ. November 15, 1995, containing an electrolytic cell, a Pellier generator, as well as an internal combustion engine and a steam turbine connected to the shafts of electric generators, characterized in that the inputs of the internal combustion engine are connected to the electrolyzer, its output is to the input of the steam turbine, the output of which is connected to the input of the Pellier generator, the output of which is connected to the input of the electrolyzer, the cell being filled with water, in which the catalyst for the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen, for example sodium hydroxide or sodium sulfate, is dissolved, e power generators are connected to a common electrical circuit to which a payload, such as a battery, is connected.

The disadvantage is the complexity of the energy conversion scheme.

A device for implementing methods for producing hydrogen by thermochemical decomposition of water according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 1699062, IPC B01G 7/00, publ. 02/27/1996, it allows you to intensify the process of producing hydrogen and increase its productivity, reduce its energy consumption, create environmentally friendly technology, as well as expand the functionality of the installation while simplifying it, as well as expand the functionality of the installation while simplifying its technological scheme. The installation comprises, in accordance with the process flow diagram, bins for metal and carbon, containers with water and carbon monoxide, a heat generator and an oxidation reactor and a reduction reactor connected to the heat generator, connected by a transport system, and the recovery reactor is made up of two separate recovery reactors, respectively metal oxide and nitrous oxide, where the metal oxide reduction reactor is built on the principle of a vibro-boiling layer reactor, and the metal oxide reduction reactor has an integrated circuit in a common transport spiral vibrating tray with heat line in the form of a heat pipe which is in direct thermal contact with the coolant heat accumulator, the housing of which is mounted an electromagnetic inductor coil fed by a generator of high frequency current. The storage tank of the finished hydrogen product is filled with material of a vacuum chemical hydrogen absorber, which is taken as colloidal palladium.

Signs common to the prototype: starting fuel module and a steam generator module having a catalyst.

A device according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2040328, IPC B01J 7/00, publ. 07/25/1005, the prototype.

This invention relates to chemical technology and energy, in particular to equipment for implementing methods for producing hydrogen by thermochemical decomposition of water, and can be used, for example, to provide high-calorific fuel power units of icebreakers. The installation contains a hopper with an initial component installed in accordance with the technological scheme of the process, a water tank, a container for storing the finished product (hydrogen), a heat generator to ensure the appropriate temperature regimes of thermochemical cycles, an oxidation reactor and a reduction reactor connected to the heat generator by the system, connected by a system transportation of the starting components, intermediate products of thermochemical cycles and the finished product with shut-off and control valves, as well as a container for the catalyst (iodine) and a container for storing oxygen. In this case, the oxidation reactor is made with a mixing device in the form of rods mounted on kinematically connected to the vibrator rods located in the liquid phase zone of the piston reactor and a set of perforated plates. The recovery reactor is made up of two vertical columns installed downward in a vertical plane relative to the oxidation reactor in the form of a descending stage.

Disadvantages: low efficiency of the device and its structural complexity and danger in maintenance in connection with the storage and use of concentrated hydrogen.

The tasks of creating a utility model that coincide with the technical result are to increase the efficiency of the installation and reduce fuel consumption.

The solution of these problems was achieved in a device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion, containing a heating module and a steam generator module having a capacity and a catalyst, in that according to a utility model it contains a water treatment module connected to a steam generator. The water preparation module may contain a tank with activated water, a water structurizer and a tap-regulator for water supply. The steam generator module may contain a strong container with a bottom in the lower part and a conical steam concentrator in the upper part, an evaporator catalyst installed on the bottom, a steam regulator-valve at the outlet of the conical steam concentrator, at least one inlet pipe at the end of which at least one nozzle located under the bottom and against the catalyst. The heating module can be made in the form of a starting fuel supply device. The starting fuel supply device may contain a fuel tank with a fuel line, a fuel control valve and a main burner, the axis of which is directed to the catalyst-evaporator. The heating module can be made in the form of an induction heating system. The induction heating system may include an inductive coil located outside or inside the steam generator capacity and a high-frequency voltage converter, connected in output to this inductive coil. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion may contain a steam turbine, on a common shaft with which an electric generator is installed. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion may include a control unit connected by electrical connections to a water supply control valve, a fuel control valve and a steam valve. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion may contain pressure and temperature sensors installed in the tank and connected by electrical connections to the control unit.

The igniter catalyst can be made in the form of a cast iron metal plate. The igniter catalyst can be mounted against the steam nozzle. The evaporator catalyst may be made of schungite.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawings of figures 1 ... 7, where:

figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of a device

figure 2 shows a complete diagram of a device

figure 3 shows a diagram of a device with a steam turbine,

figure 4 shows a diagram of a device with a control unit,

figure 5 shows a diagram of a device with sensors for monitoring its operation,

figure 6 shows the design of the nozzle,

Fig.7 shows a diagram of an installation with an induction heating system.

The composition of the main components and elements of the device for converting water into fuel gas. Description of the device in statics.

The device for thermochemical decomposition of water and hydrogen combustion is simplified shown in Fig. 1 and contains three main modules: a module for preparing water 1 and a module for a steam generator 2; a module for heating fuel gas 3 connected to each other. Two catalysts are used in the steam generator module 2: a catalyst-evaporator and a catalyst-igniter.

Let us explain in more detail the design and composition of this device (figure 1 ... 7.)

The module for the preparation and structuring of water 1 contains a container 4 with activated water 5, a water structurizer 6, a dispenser and a tap-regulator for water supply 7.

The steam generator module 2 is intended for the formation and activation of superheated water vapor. It includes a solid stainless steel tank 8, a conical steam concentrator - 9, a catalyst-evaporator 10, which serves to accelerate the evaporation of water and heat ionization of steam, with an active zone of thermal ionization 11, a control valve steam 12 and a unit for supplying and burning steam 13.

The evaporator catalyst 10 is made of schungite and is intended to initiate the process of decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen.

Shungite is a mineral that contains a very large number of elements, almost the entire periodic table, but its carbon basis is the basis.

Shungite is a group of solid carbonaceous minerals, which in the bulk are amorphous carbon species that are similar in composition to graphite. The chemical composition of shungite is variable: on average it contains 60-70% carbon and 30-40% ash. The ash contains: 35-50% silica, 10-25% alumina, 4-6% potassium oxide, 1-5% sodium oxide, 1-4% titanium oxide, as well as impurities of other elements. Shungite is found in solid masses of black (with a high gloss) or graphite gray color with a conchoid or fine-grained fracture. Hardness - according to Mohs - 3-4, specific gravity - 1.8-2 g / sq. cm (which indicates significant porosity. - Auth.). Shungite is an organic substance concentrated in ancient (pre-Paleozoic) siliceous-clayey and carbonate sediments, subsequently transformed by processes of metamorphism into siliceous shales and dolomites.

The supply and combustion unit for superheated steam 13 contains inlet pipes 14, steam nozzles 15 and 16 and a massive metal catalyst - heater 17, tightly aligned with the steam generator module 2. Overheated thermally ionized water vapor enters the inlet pipes 14 and directed jets from steam nozzles 15 and 16 directed into the flame 17 of the main burner 18. Strong tank 8 contains a bottom 19, under which the igniter catalyst 20. The igniter catalyst is made in the form of a cast-iron metal plate. The jets from nozzles 15 and 16 and the main burner 18 are also directed to the surface of the igniter catalyst 20. The igniter catalyst 20 is designed to initiate a vapor combustion process.

The steam nozzles 14 and 15 have steam regulators (not shown in FIG. 1).

The flame 17 of the main burner 18 is directed to the bottom 19 of the tank 8 and partially to the igniter catalyst 20 for the final thermal ionization and ignition of the superheated steam (vapor spraying zones 21 and 22). The igniter catalyst 20, as already mentioned, is installed under the bottom 19 (figure 2) and is designed to initiate ignition of the vapor ..

The fuel gas heating module 3 can be made in two versions:

- in the form of a fuel heating system,

- in the form of an induction heating system.

In the first embodiment, this module contains a fuel tank 23, a fuel pipe 24 and a fuel control valve 25. (FIG. 2). The second option is described below.

In addition, the device may comprise a steam turbine 26 having a common shaft 27 connected to an electric generator 28 (FIG. 3) for receiving electric energy and transmitting it to consumers.

The device may include a control unit 29, which is connected by electrical connections 30 to the crane regulators 7, 12 and 25 (figure 4).

To monitor the operation of the device, it can be equipped with a pressure sensor 31 and a temperature sensor 32 mounted inside a durable container 8. (Fig. 5), which are connected by electrical connections 30 to the control unit 29.

Steam nozzles 15 and 16 have a complex structure (Fig.6).

This steam nozzle 15, similarly 16 (FIG. 6), is attached to the end of the nozzle 14 and consists of a cylindrical body 33, in the form of a hollow metal tube 34 having a through fuel channel 35 and a spray nozzle 36. A dielectric is placed on the cylindrical body 34 of the fuel nozzle 15 a cylindrical tube 37, for example in the form of a fluoroplastic cylinder with a through hole, with a diameter of this hole equal to the outer diameter of the nozzle of the fuel nozzle, at the end of which is located behind the nozzle nozzle 36 of the nozzle is fixed to the ring a conductive electrode 38, with an inner diameter of the hole equal to the diameter of the orifice of the nozzle 36, for contacting this ring electrode 38 with fuel. At the outlet of the upgraded fuel nozzle 15, a hollow annular vortex mixer 39 is also located, having inclined outlet openings in this cavity and a through hole for the passage of electrostatically atomized fuel and tangential inlets 40 into the mixer cavity, for example, in the form of one or more tangential openings in the housing (shown only one hole), for tangential input and intensive vortex mixing of various additional components of the air-fuel mixture, namely atmospheric air, from odyaschih hot engine gases, water vapor inside the vortex mixer 39, followed by feeding them into the conical nozzle 41, a swirling vortex zone main oxidant flow - air. Moreover, this vortex mixer 39 can be structurally combined with the annular electrode 39 - part 42. For simplicity of the drawing, Fig. 6 shows a remote separate vortex mixer 39, which is connected by a conical pipe 41 to the inlet 43 of the working cylinder of the combustion chamber 44 of the thermal injection internal combustion engine shown simplified. A standard electric spark plug 45 is also located in the combustion chamber 44 of the engine, comprising a central electrode 46, an electric insulator 47, and a housing 48 with a screw part and a side electrode 49 electrically connected to the engine mass. The electrodes 46, 49 of the spark plug and the electrodes 38, 46 of the electrostatic fuel atomizer are connected respectively to sources 50 and 51 of a constant high-voltage pulse voltage to a power source, for example, to a battery 52. Fig. 6 also shows a simplified case 8, an area of electrostatic fuel atomization 53, zones of intense vortex mixing of fuel and oxidizer 54, ignition zone 55.

Perhaps the use of induction heating system (Fig.7). In this case, the heating module 3 can be made in the form of an induction heating system. The induction heating system may include an inductive coil 56 located outside or inside the strong container 8 of the steam generator and a high-frequency voltage converter 57, electrically connected by wires 58 to the output of this inductive coil 56.

The input to the inductive coil 56 is connected by wires 59 to an electric generator 27 or other source of electricity.

Device Description

First, the module for preparing and supplying structured water 1 is prepared for operation. To do this, ordinary tap water is passed through the water structurizer 6 and poured into the tank 4. At the same time, in the initial position, the water supply control valve 7 is closed and there is no water in the tank 4. Then the fuel control valve 25 is opened and fuel is supplied from the fuel tank 23 through the fuel line 24 to the main fuel burner 18, where air is simultaneously supplied to it and ignition is performed.

The flame 17 from the main fuel burner 18 for a certain time heats the red-hot vessel 8 and especially the bottom 19 and the catalyst-evaporator 10. Then, structured water is fed through the water supply valve 7 to the tank 8 with the jet directed to the catalyst-evaporator 10. As a catalyst - the evaporator 10 in the simplest embodiment, can be used "metal rubber" or a conventional metal mesh for washing dishes. In the initial position, the steam control valve 12 is closed.

Further, as the water evaporates and heats up, the vapor pressure in the tank 8 increases and from this moment overheated, partially ionized steam is supplied through the nozzles 14 to the steam nozzles 15 and 16 and metered sprayed onto the heated surface of the igniter catalyst 20 made of metal - cast iron and into the flame itself 17. Due to the action of the igniter catalyst 20 and due to thermal ionization, it partially dissociates into H2 and 02 and turns into fuel gas, which ignites and starts to burn. With an increase in the pressure temperature of superheated steam on the surface of the igniter catalyst, the H2 concentration increases and the calorific value of the resulting fuel gas increases, as well as the thermal power from its combustion on this catalyst.

As a result, the total heat of combustion of the main fuel from the flame 17 in the main fuel burner 18 increases, and the heat from combustion on the ignition catalyst 20 of the fuel gas obtained from the steam jets in the vapor spraying zones 21 and 22 supplied from the nozzles 15 and 16 to the catalyst the igniter 20 and into the flame 17. After the installation of this installation to normal operation, the fuel control valve 25 significantly reduces the fuel consumption supplied to the main fuel burner 18.

As a result of the use of water as a fuel and the efficient combustion of “water gas” generated in this device, multiple fuel savings occur (10–20 times). In the case of the use of effective catalysts for burning thermally ionized steam and with the ideal adjustment of the regulators in this heat power installation, the fuel supply to the main fuel burner 18 can be stopped.

To intensify the process of ignition of fuel gas, it is possible to electrostatically charge the superheated steam supplied to the nozzles 15 and 16 (a mixture of water vapor of hydrogen and oxygen), i.e. pass it through an electric field through the use of electrostatic nozzles Dudyshev. (RF patent for utility model No. 71732) see Fig.6.

If you apply the induction heating circuit of the fuel mixture, then turn on the inductor 56 and heat the bottom 19 and the igniter catalyst 20 (Fig.7). Application of the utility model allowed:

1. To increase the efficiency of thermal machines.

2. Reduce fuel consumption.

3. To ensure the environmental friendliness of the process.

4. Provide automatic control of the operation of the heat engine.

5. Ensure the safety of staff by using hydrogen in low concentration and the absence of containers for its storage.

Claims (13)

1. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion, containing a heating module and a steam generator module, having a tank and a catalyst, characterized in that it contains two catalysts: an evaporator catalyst and an igniter catalyst, as well as a water preparation module connected to the steam generator. 2. The device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the water treatment module comprises a tank with activated water, a water structurizer and a water supply regulator valve. 3. The device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the steam generator module contains a strong tank with a bottom in the lower part and a conical steam concentrator in the upper part, an evaporator catalyst installed on the bottom, a steam regulator-valve on the outlet of the conical steam concentrator, at least one inlet pipe, at the end of which is installed at least one steam nozzle located under the bottom and against the igniter catalyst. 4. The device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating module is made in the form of a starting fuel supply device. 5. The device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 4, characterized in that the starting fuel supply device comprises a fuel tank with a fuel line, a fuel control valve and a main burner, the axis of which is directed to the igniter catalyst. 6. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating module is made in the form of an induction heating system. 7. The device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the induction heating system comprises an inductive coil located outside or inside the steam generator capacity and a high-frequency voltage converter electrically connected to the output of this inductive coil. 8. The device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a steam turbine, on a common shaft with which an electric generator is installed. 9. The device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a control unit connected by electrical connections to a water supply control valve, a fuel control valve and a steam valve. 10. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains pressure and temperature sensors installed in the tank and connected by electrical connections to the control unit. 11. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the igniter catalyst is made in the form of a cast iron metal plate. 12. A device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 9, characterized in that the igniter catalyst is installed against the steam nozzle. 13. The device for thermochemical decomposition of water and energy conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst-evaporator is made of schungite.

Images