RU132439U1 - DEVICE FOR METHANE PRODUCTION DURING BIOMASS PROCESSING - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass, containing a bioreactor with sequentially communicating containers with overflow baffles, equipped with pipelines for supplying biomass and removing the fermented mass, heaters, stirring devices and a device for collecting and removing biogas, and a gas holder is installed above the bioreactor. that contains a storage lagoon, a cavitation destructor-disperser with a biomass supply pipeline to the bioreactor with a multistage thermophilic and mesophilic field, consisting of the 1st main vessel of the reactor and four square tanks with rounded corners, while in the center of the 1st main tank a column with two platforms was installed for fastening the dome of the gas tank made of elastic material using a cable system and installing a wooden deck separating the main tanks and the gas tank; heaters for thermostating in thermophilic and mesophilic modes, overflow holes are made in the lower part of the walls of the 2nd and 4th tanks, a biodesulfation system is located under the wooden deck, made in the form of a perforated pipeline, also contains a system for removing mechanical impurities, a filtration and water removal system from biogas and a filtered gas discharge pipeline, a biogas supply system to the flare system and excess gas combustion, an underground condensate drain, a purified gas discharge pipeline, a condensate discharge pipeline, an automated control system. 2. Device for

Description

The utility model relates to anaerobic conversion of biomass, namely, manure substrate, into biogas in separate processes of hydrolysis and methane fermentation of biomass under the influence of methane mesophilic, thermophilic bacteria contained in reflux.

From the part of methane and biogas, a standard gas fuel is obtained, which is used in the engine of an electric current generator and in a thermoregenerative cell that generates electricity and heat.

The utility model can be used in agriculture, in particular for the processing of manure.

Known installation for methane fermentation of manure (AS 1549496, A01C 3/00, 1990, bull. 40), containing a tank in communication with a cylindrical reactor having a gas cap, a biogas selection means, a device for hydrodynamic mixing of the fermented substrate. The discharge tank of the installation is made in the form of a hydraulic shutter, in communication with the receiving tank and the reactor. The installation is complicated, therefore, it is short-lived in operation.

Known installation for the fermentation of manure (A.S. No. 1484312, АСС 3/02, 06/07/1989, bull. No. 41), containing a reactor divided by vertical partitions into chambers, a hydrolyzer with a recirculation channel connecting the zone of initial fermentation of the substrate and its fermentation. At the bottom of the reactor, a sand trap bin with a screw is fixed. The mixer is made of a pipe with a screw, on the coils of which are fixed flat heaters and coolant is supplied to them. When loading the initial mass into the previous chamber through the supply channels available on the partitions, the inlet openings of which are located in the bottom part of the previous chambers, the clarified liquid is displaced into the subsequent chambers. Moreover, due to the placement of the outlet openings of the supply channels in the upper part of each subsequent chamber from the latter, the clarified liquid is displaced without mixing with the incoming liquid. The reactor is emptied by means of locks having shutters.

The design disadvantages of the known installation include the fact that the area of the heating elements is insufficient to maintain the thermophilic regime in large reactors. The use of overflow channels and gaskets complicates the design of the reactor. The reactor, made of black steel, is short-lived due to the presence of aggressive environments and roads.

Closest to the proposed utility model is a biogas plant (RF patent No. 2365080 of 04/18/2007, publ. 10/27/2008), containing a bioreactor with tanks in series with overflow partitions. The bioreactor is equipped with pipelines for feeding the dung substrate and discharging the fermented mass, heaters, mixing devices and a device for collecting and discharging biogas.

The bioreactor consists of the main capacity of the reactor and five ring capacities of the detectors. At the bottom of each tank installed tubular heaters. The partitions of the annular capacities of the sprinklers are equipped with overflow windows located diametrically opposite and at different depths. A gas holder is installed above the bioreactor, the lower edge of the ring of which is immersed in a water seal. On the outer side of the ring, a gas holder support disk is welded, rotating on four brook rollers, two of which are rigidly fixed to the foundation, and two are compensators. Cross-shaped struts are installed inside the ring of the gas holder, to which a rigid stirrer is fixed for the main reactor vessel and chain stirrers for ring capacitors of the pre-heaters.

The disadvantages of the known installation is the inability to conduct in it simultaneous thermophilic and mesophilic fermentation and the length of the process for producing methane from biomass.

The objective of the utility model is to create a plant capable of more efficiently conducting the process of processing bio-raw materials, simultaneously in the mesophilic and thermophilic modes, i.e. receive methane and produce fertilizers in a short time, and increase the life of the reactor.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for producing methane in the processing of biomass contains a bioreactor with successively connected tanks with overflow partitions, equipped with pipelines for supplying biomass and removal of the fermented mass, heaters, mixing devices and a device for collecting and removing biogas, and is installed above the bioreactor the gas holder, in this case, contains a storage lagoon, a cavitation destructor-dispersant with a pipeline for supplying biomass to a multistage bioreactor with thermophilic and mesophilic field, consisting of the 1st main reactor vessel and four square containers with rounded corners. In the center of the 1st main tank there is a column with two platforms for fastening with the help of a cable system the dome of the gas holder made of elastic material and the installation of a wooden floor separating the main tanks and the gas holder. In four tanks, in addition to the 1st main one, stirrers are installed, tubular heaters are installed on the walls of the tanks for thermostating in the thermophilic and mesophilic mode. In the lower part of the walls of the 2nd and 4th capacities, overflow openings are made. Under a wooden deck contains a biodesulphation system, made in the form of a perforated pipeline, and also contains a system for removing mechanical impurities from biogas, a system for filtering and removing water from biogas and a pipe for removing filtered gas, a system for supplying biogas to the flare system and burning excess gas, an underground steam trap , a pipe for removing purified gas, a pipe for condensate drainage, an automated control system.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 is a General view of the installation from above;

figure 2 is a General view, section aa;

figure 3 - arrangement of pipes for the distribution of air under a wooden flooring;

4 is a diagram of the filtration and removal of water from gas.

A device for producing methane in biomass processing contains a storage lagoon 1 with a stirrer 3 and a feedstock heating system 2, a multi-stage bioreactor with a thermophilic and mesophilic field 4 (MBTMF), including five square radial containers with rounded corners, indicated in sequence: 1st main, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th capacities, room for cavitation destruction-dispersant (KDD) 5, aggregate-destruction-dispersant (AKDC) 6, pumps of the aggregate-destruction-dispersant: pump 7, pump 8, manifold cabinet 9, piping feed supply 10 from the lagoon - biomass storage lagoon to the KDD 5 room, the biomass supply pipe 11 to the 1st main MBTMP capacity from the KDD 5 room, the gas removal pipe 12 from the KDD room, the control and monitoring unit (BUK) 13, compartment 14 for installing the axis 15 of the agitators 16 in 4 MBTMP containers, except for the 1st main one, driven by the gear motor of the agitator 17, the dome of the gas holder 18, mounted on the mounting platform of the dome 19 of the central column 20 using a cable system 21 and a dome mounting system to cable 22, sub-pipe that 23 from the 5th tank using a pump 24 to a separator-separator 25, a pipe 44 for removing excess raw materials from the storage lagoon 1 to a separator-separator 25, a biodesulphation system under a wooden floor 26, and also contains a mechanical removal system from biogas impurities, a system for filtering and removing water from biogas and a filtered gas discharge pipe 58, a biogas supply system to the flare system and burning excess gas, an underground steam trap 59, a purified gas exhaust pipe 60, a condensate drain pipe 61.

Structurally, MBTM is made as follows: a ground of reinforced concrete insulated with a layer of extruded polyurethane foam is poured on the ground, the upper part of the ground is coated with a polymer coating.

In the center of the platform, with the help of anchor bolts, a column 20 is installed, which is a stainless steel pipe containing two stainless steel support pads, of which the lower platform 27 is used to fasten the wooden flooring 26, and the upper platform 19 is used to fasten the cable support system 21 gas dome 18 (figure 2).

The cable system for supporting the dome-gas holder is arranged as follows: each of the 72 cables is stretched from the embedded elements of the outer tank to the mounting platform of the cables of the central column. The cables are made of synthetic fibers, their fastening and tension are provided by carbines and swivels made of stainless steel.

The gas holder dome is welded from tailored sheets of synthetic multilayer fabric "digester" and attached to each fragment using elements welded to the inner side of the fabric to the cable system.

The first main tank is installed in the center of the biorector, around which four radially connected tanks with overflow partitions are made. The containers are square in shape with rounded corners and made of reinforced concrete with a polymer coating on both sides. Rounding is done in order to avoid stagnant biomass circulation zones.

On the walls of the 1st main tank mounted heating pipes 33 made of cross-linked polyethylene. They serve to heat the contents of the tank and maintain it in thermophilic mode.

On the walls of the 2nd tank, the walls of the 3rd tank and the walls of the 5th tank thermostatic pipes 28 made of cross-linked polyethylene are mounted. They serve for thermostating of biomass in the mesophilic mode.

In the lower part of the 2nd and 4th tanks, holes reinforced with a steel sheet are made.

Outside, the walls of the 5th tank are insulated with sheets of extruded polyurethane foam and are closed from external influences by galvanized profiled sheeting.

Two level sensors are mounted on the walls of the 5th tank - a high level sensor and a low level sensor.

On the upper edge of the 5th tank mounted mortgage elements to hold the cable system, and on the inner side of the tank is molded shelf 29 at the same time with the design of the tank to support it flooring 26 (figure 2) of wooden beams.

Wooden flooring 26 (figure 2) is arranged as follows: wooden beams are laid between a shelf cast in the wall of the 5th tank and the platform of the central column 27 and are fixed with stainless steel bolts.

Flooring boards are mounted on the beams, to which pipelines 30 of the air supply system for the equipment for removing sulfur from methane, perforated, are connected from the lower side.

The KDD 5 room contains AKDD 6 destruction-dispersion unit, dispersion-destruction-destruction unit pumps: pump 7, pump 8, manifold cabinet 9, KDD 32 heating system pipes connected to the floor and internal walls.

The heating of the liquid in the piping system is carried out due to the heat source 34 connected to the fluid mixing unit for heating the MBTMF. From the mixing unit, the coolant of a given temperature enters with the help of a pump 36 into the pipes of the heating system of the first main MBTMP tank and into the heat exchanger 40.

The cooling heat exchanger 37 and the preheater heat exchanger 40 are connected to the fluid mixing unit 39, from which the coolant is supplied to the heating system of the storage lagoon, consisting of pipelines 2, through the mixing unit 43, to the heating system of the KDD, consisting of pipelines 32, through the units mixing 41 and 42 and into the cooling system of the 3rd capacity MBTMP, consisting of pipelines 28.

The set temperature is controlled by temperature sensors installed in the piping system.

The preheater 40 heat exchanger is designed to stabilize the temperature regime of the heating and cooling line.

The mixing unit 41, the mixing unit 42, the mixing unit 43 are designed to produce a coolant of a given temperature.

A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass contains level sensors in the storage lagoon, in KDD and in MBTMP tanks.

Figure 3 shows the layout of the air distribution pipelines 30 under the wooden floor 26: air supply line 45, distribution branches for air supply 46, valves for air distribution 47, free oxygen sensor 48, gas exhaust pipe from gas holder 49. Also on the floor installed sensors for monitoring sulfur, humidity, methane.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the filtration and removal of water from gas: automatic ignition system 50, solenoid valve 51, reverse flame prevention system 52, solenoid valve control system 53 connected to the ACS, a container filled with expanded clay 54, a steam trap 55, a tank filled with activated carbon 56, a container filled with cellulose 57, a filtered gas exhaust pipe 58, an underground steam trap 59, a purified gas exhaust pipe 60, a condensate discharge pipe 61.

A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass works as follows:

The biomass comes from the barn through a manure removal system (not discussed in this document) and / or is mixed with water and fed to a storage lagoon using a tractor equipped with a loader 1. Pipeline 31 receives clarified slurry to the storage lagoon after separation of the substrate in the separator-separator 25. It serves to liquefy thick manure. At the command of the ACS system, the agitator-chopper 3 is periodically turned on to prevent stratification of the biomass into fractions. They also turn on during operation of any of the pumps in the storage lagoon 1. The heating system 2, mounted in the floor and walls of the storage lagoon, maintains a biomass temperature of at least 20 ° С. This is necessary so that in winter the biomass does not freeze and its fluidity is sufficient for transportation using pumps.

During normal operation, only the pump operates, supplying biomass from storage lagoon 1 via pipeline 10 to the KDD 5 room.

In an emergency, if the ACS prohibits the intake of biomass into the KDD 5 tank, and the upper level sensor signals the danger of overfilling of the storage lagoon 1, the biomass feed pump is switched on immediately to the liquid separator 25 through pipeline 44, bypassing MTMP 4.

From the storage lagoon 1, the manure in the mixture with fragments of straw bedding and other biodegradable materials of a large fraction is delivered through pipeline 10 to the upper part of the building of the CDC 5 and fills it to a certain level.

At the command of the ACS, the pump 7 of the destruction-dispersion unit (AKDD) 6 is periodically turned on, which sucks the biomass from the lower part of the KDD, passes it through the destruction-dispersion unit 6 and discharges the mixture that is already crushed and has a homogeneous structure through the pipe located in the upper part of the AKD, back to KDD. When passing through a cavitation destructor-dispersant, the mixture is crushed and heated.

The cavitation destruction-dispersion unit is designed to prepare biomass for anaerobic digestion with greater efficiency. The speed of fermentation depends on several factors: the temperature of the environment, optimal for the life of bacteria and the size of solid inclusions of biomass. The smaller the size of the solid inclusions, the more intensively the fermentation occurs, and less time is required for the entire cycle.

The preparation of a dispersed mixture of biomass with water significantly reduces the likelihood that a solid crust will appear on the surface of the liquid in the bioreactor, which prevents the release of methane from the biomass.

The cavitation destruction-dispersion aggregate (AKDD) works as follows:

At the command of the ACS, the pump 7 of the cavitation destruction-dispersion unit 6 draws in biomass through a pipeline located in the lower part of the KDD and feeds it directly to the cavitation destruction-dispersion unit.

In the cavitation destruction-dispersion aggregate, the biomass passes through the gradually narrowing part and enters the sharply expanding part, where the forced decrease in pressure leads to cavitation, as the liquid tends towards a larger volume. Cavitation destroys solid inclusions in the biomass into smaller fragments due to implosion.

Since biomass does not always have the same density and other parameters, it is necessary to control the cavitation process. For this, a vibration sensor is located on the AKDD housing in the cavitation zone.

The automatic control system real-time measures the level of vibration and, based on the data obtained, adjusts the performance of the AKDD pump using a vector frequency converter to maintain the cavitation level in a given range.

At the command of the automated control system, the mixture homogenized and heated to a temperature of 34-37 ° C is pumped through an insulated pipe 11 to the first main tank of MBMP 4 and filled with pump 8, filling the remaining tanks by sequentially passing biomass through the top of the tanks (by overflow) and through holes in the lower part of the 2nd and 4th tanks.

In a multistage bioreactor with a thermophilic and mesophilic field (MBTMF) 4, anaerobic digestion of biomass occurs, followed by methane production.

The creation of a thermophilic regime in the 1st main and 2nd capacities and a mesophilic regime in the 3rd, 4th and 5th capacities is carried out due to pipes mounted on the walls of the capacities.

For the implementation of thermophilic and mesophilic modes, it is necessary to ensure biomass temperatures of 55 and 34-37 ° C, respectively.

To speed up the process, as well as to eliminate stagnant zones in the bioreactor, with the exception of the 1st main tank, agitators 16 are located on the axis 15, which constantly mix the incoming mass.

After passing through the complete fermentation process and biogas separation, the spent biomass enters with the help of a pump 24 through a pipe 23 to a separator-separator 25, where the spent biomass is separated into liquid and solid phases. The solid phase enters the concrete open pit and subsequently serves to make fertilizers. The separated liquid phase is returned to the biogas production cycle by feeding through a pipe 44 to the storage lagoon 1.

For optimal operation of gas-consuming equipment (gas turbines, gas turbines, boilers, internal combustion engines), methane containing a minimum amount of sulfur, impurities and water vapor is required. Biogas also contains a significant amount of impurities that must be removed from it before being delivered to the consumer. Also, in the period of decreasing gas consumption by the consumer, gas is discharged from the dome-gas tank and burned in a flare system.

Biogas generated during fermentation at MBMP and coming from the KDD premises through a pipe 12 is accumulated under a wooden deck 26, where its biodesulphation occurs using aerobic bacteria that isolate crystalline sulfur from hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur compounds contained in biogas.

The aerobic regimen is created by means of a compressed air distribution system made of silicone pipes with perforated walls 30, which is mounted on a wooden floor from the bottom.

Thus, colonies of microorganisms grow near the air supply pipes.

Biogas, which has passed the stage of biodesulphation, enters through the gaps in the wooden flooring 26 and the gaps between the wooden flooring and the shelf 29 for the wooden flooring under the dome of the gas holder 18.

The biogas accumulated in the gas tank enters through the pipeline 49 to the stage of removal of mechanical impurities. Biogas sequentially passes through 3 polyethylene containers filled with expanded clay 54, activated carbon 56, cellulose 57, moreover, it is supplied to the lower part of the tanks and leaves the upper one. When passing through the tanks, partial condensate discharge occurs through the steam traps 55 located in the lower part of the tanks. Gas is supplied from the filtration system via a pipeline 58 to a water vapor removal system consisting of pipes laid underground and steam traps 59, the pipes being stacked with a height difference and the steam traps are located at the lowest points. The purified gas is discharged through line 60 to the gas supply system to the consumer, and condensate is discharged through line 61.

However, with a significant reduction in gas consumption by the consumer, the pressure in the dome-gas tank can rise to a level that exceeds the specified parameter.

To this end, a gas absolute pressure sensor is integrated into the gas transport system to the consumer before the filtration unit, transmitting information about the gas pressure of the ACS, and an electromagnetic valve 51 controlled by the ACS system, diverting biogas through a polyethylene container filled with expanded clay to the combustion system (torch) , which is equipped with an automatic ignition system 50, activated simultaneously with the opening of this solenoid valve 51 and a back flame prevention system 52.

The inventive utility model meets the criterion of "novelty", as from the well-known and publicly available sources of information have not identified a similar technical solution.

The inventive utility model meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", as it can be made from known materials and by known methods.

Claims (18)

1. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass, containing a bioreactor with tanks in series with overflow partitions, equipped with pipelines for supplying biomass and removing the fermented mass, heaters, mixing devices and a device for collecting and removing biogas, and a gas holder is installed above the bioreactor, characterized in that contains a storage lagoon, a cavitation destructor-dispersant with a biomass feed pipeline to a multistage thermophilic and mesophilic bioreactor a field consisting of the 1st main capacity of the reactor and four square containers with rounded corners, while in the center of the 1st main capacity there is a column with two platforms for fastening with the help of a cable system the dome of the gas tank made of elastic material and the installation of wooden flooring , separating the main tanks and the gas tank, in four tanks, in addition to the 1st main one, mixers are installed, tubular heaters are installed on the walls of the tanks for thermostating in thermophilic and mesophilic mode, in the lower hour The walls of the 2nd and 4th tanks were filled with overflow holes, a biodesulphation system made in the form of a perforated pipe is located under the wooden flooring, it also contains a system for removing mechanical impurities, a system for filtering and removing water from biogas and a filtered gas discharge pipe, a biogas supply system to the flare system and the burning of excess gas, an underground steam trap, a purified gas discharge pipe, a condensate drain pipe, an automated control system. 2. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls and floor of the cavitation destructor-dispersant have a heating system. 3. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains a pipeline for outputting biogas under the wooden flooring. 4. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that the bioreactor tanks are made of reinforced concrete structures coated with a polymer coating. 5. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that tubular heaters for thermostating in thermophilic mode are installed on the walls of the 1st bioreactor tank, and installed on the walls of the 2nd, 3rd and 5th tanks tubular heaters for temperature control in the mesophilic mode. 6. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a heat source connected to the mixing units to obtain a coolant of a given temperature. 7. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a pipeline for removal of the fermented mass into a separator for separating solid and liquid phases. 8. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 7, characterized in that it contains a pipeline for removing the liquid phase from the separator to the storage lagoon. 9. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that the cable system for supporting the dome-gas tank contains 72 cables stretched from the embedded elements of the outer tank to the mounting platform of the cables of the central column. 10. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 9, characterized in that the cables are made of synthetic fibers. 11. The methane production device for biomass processing according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas dome is welded from cut sheets of synthetic multilayer fabric and attached to each fragment using elements welded from the inside of the fabric to the cable system. 12. The methane production device for biomass processing according to claim 1, characterized in that the automated control system comprises biomass level sensors in the lagoon, in a cavitation destructor-disperser, a multi-step bioreactor with thermophilic and mesophilic fields. 13. A device for producing methane during biomass processing according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a vibration sensor on the housing of the destruction-dispersant unit in the cavitation zone. 14. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that the coolant piping system includes temperature sensors for monitoring the heating and temperature control of the capacities of a multi-belt bioreactor with thermophilic and mesophilic fields, a cavitation destructor-dispersant, and a storage lagoon. 15. The device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains sensors for monitoring oxygen, sulfur, humidity, methane in the biodesulphation system. 16. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains gas pressure sensors. 17. A device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that the system for removing mechanical impurities contains polyethylene containers filled with expanded clay, activated carbon, cellulose. 18. The device for producing methane in the processing of biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that the water vapor removal system contains underground pipes with a height difference, and the steam traps are located at the lowest points.

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