RU131486U1 - AUTOMATED SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE COMPLEX WITH HORIZONTAL ROTATION AXIS FOR COMPLETE BALANCING OF ROTATION BODIES - Google Patents

Abstract

Automated software and hardware complex with a horizontal axis of rotation for the complex balancing of bodies of revolution, including: base; means of basing the investigated body of rotation; the main drive, including an electric motor, kinematically connected with the investigated body of rotation by means of a belt drive; vibration measuring system, including vibration sensors; as well as a control system, characterized in that the base is a hollow supporting structure of a frame type, in the cavity of which there is a power supply unit and a frequency-adjustable converter with switching equipment, a bracket for installing the said control system is fixed on the side of the base, the base is mounted on independently adjustable vertically supported, and on the upper plane of the base on the base plates mounted rigidly mounted support racks that are functionally a means of gesture whom fastenings of horizontal guides for mounting the corresponding elements of said basing means; the base means comprises two vertical bases installed on said horizontal guides, mounted with the possibility of independent horizontal movement along the guides with subsequent fixation in a predetermined rack position, on each of which a roller block with a clip or a textolite prism is installed, which are functionally basic elements for installing the body of revolution under study , each rack consists of a fixed body, on which is based a movable, in a plane perpendicular rotation B, part of the suspension

Description

The utility model relates to balancing diagnostic tools, namely, devices with a horizontal axis of rotation and can be used for static and dynamic (complex) balancing of rotation bodies - rigid rotors (including machine spindles), the design of which allows diagnostics and balancing both in the pre-resonant and in the non-resonant operation mode.

Thus, the complex for static and dynamic balancing of bodies of revolution - rigid rotors, including high-speed spindles, provides an assessment of the quality of manufacturing and balancing by analyzing significant amplitudes of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration of the spectrum of mechanical vibrations in the entire operating range of frequencies of their rotation.

The prior art automated software and hardware complex with a horizontal axis of rotation for the complex balancing of bodies of revolution, including: base; means of basing the investigated body of rotation; the main drive, including the engine, kinematically connected with the investigated body of rotation by means of a belt drive; vibration measuring system, including vibration sensors; as well as a control system (SU 729458 A1 04/25/1980).

The disadvantages of this known from the prior art complex should include a relatively low accuracy of balancing.

The basis of the claimed invention was the task of creating such mechanical and optoelectronic parts of an automated software and hardware complex, through which static and dynamic (complex) balancing of rotation bodies - rigid rotors (including machine spindles), both in pre-resonance and in out-of-resonance mode of operation.

EFFECT: increased accuracy of balancing of both directly diagnosed bodies of revolution and directly assembled products manufactured using these bodies, for example, high-speed spindles of precision metal-cutting machines.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the claimed automated software and hardware complex with a horizontal axis of rotation for the complex balancing of bodies of revolution, including: base; means of basing the investigated body of rotation; the main drive, including the engine, kinematically connected with the investigated body of rotation by means of a belt drive; vibration measuring system, including vibration sensors; and also the control system, according to the utility model, the base is a hollow frame-type supporting structure, in the cavity of which there is a power supply unit and a frequency-adjustable converter with switching equipment, a bracket for installing the said control system is fixed on the side of the base, the base is mounted on independently adjustable vertically supported, and on the upper plane of the base on the base plates mounted rigidly mounted support racks that are functionally a means rigid fastening of horizontal rails for mounting the corresponding elements of said basing means; the base means comprises two vertical bases installed on said horizontal guides, mounted with the possibility of independent horizontal movement along the guides with subsequent fixation in a predetermined position, racks, on each of which a roller block with a clip or a textolite prism is installed, which are functionally basic elements for installing the body under study rotation, each rack consists of a fixed body, on which is based a movable, in a plane perpendicular axis of rotation, a part in the form of a pendulum suspension, equipped with adjustable means of limiting the amplitude of its vibrations in the aforementioned plane, while the upper part of the suspension is equipped with a prismatic bracket, which is functionally the basic element for installing the directly mentioned roller block or prismatic prism, in addition, the basing means is equipped limiters of axial movement of the investigated body of rotation in dynamic mode; as the motor in the main drive, an induction motor is used; the vibration measuring system further comprises a photo detector, an angular displacement sensor and a standard vibration measuring device, which is functionally a means of measuring the vibration of the complex supports that occurs in the dynamic mode of operation and calculating the values of the correction masses and their installation angles with respect to the reference mark formed on the surface of the rotation body; the control system is formed on the basis of an industrial computer equipped with a display, as well as software for processing the data of the obtained measurements and visualizing the initial data and the output data of the results on the display, while the control system is integrated with the vibration measuring system.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed technical solution, made it possible to find that no analogues were found that are characterized by signs and relationships between them that are identical or equivalent to all essential features of the claimed technical solutions, and the prototype selected from the identified analogues (as the analogue closest in terms of the totality of features) made it possible to identify the essential (in relation to the technical result perceived by the applicant) distinctive features in the declared object, set forth in the formula.

The utility model is illustrated by the following graphic materials:

Figure 1 - General view of the complex (front view, without a protective screen);

Figure 2 is a fragment of the General view of the complex (front view, without a protective screen);

Figure 3 is a fragment of a General view of the complex (side view of figure 2);

Figure 4 and figure 5 are wiring options for the drive belt.

In the following description of the utility model, the nodes and components of the complex are indicated by the following positions:

1 - base (complex);

2 - support (adjustable base 1);

3 - panel (complex control);

4 - guides (for moving the support bracket 5 of the drive of the complex and the support bracket 6 of the holder of the phototouch);

5 - bracket (supporting the main drive of the complex);

6 - bracket (supporting holder of the photo detector);

7 - countertop (base);

8 - plate (bearing for guides 9);

9 - guides (for support posts 10 and 11);

10 - a rack (supporting left);

11 - stand (supporting right);

12 - screws (retainer posts supporting 10 and 11);

13 - case (fixed rack);

14 - retainer (pendulum suspension);

15 - screw (adjustable to limit the travel of the pendulum suspension);

16 - bracket (for installing a roller block or textolite prism for installing a rotor);

17 - clip (roller block);

18 - roller (high precision roller block);

19 - bolts (fixing clips 17);

20 - ball bearing (end element of the axial stop for the rotor on one side thereof);

21 - plate (flat spring - axial stop for the rotor from its other side);

22 - rod (for adjusting the axial position of the stops for the rotor);

23 - clamps (fixing for rods 22);

24 - rod (initial rod 22 with the end element "ball bearing");

25 - handle (screw for fixing the support bracket 5 of the main drive);

26 - rod (round for the mounting bracket 27 of the main drive);

27 - bracket (installation for installation and movement of the electric motor 29 of the main drive);

28 - handle (screw for fixing the bracket 27);

29 - electric motor (main drive);

30 - a pulley (drive mechanism for wiring a drive belt);

31 - lever (adjusting mechanism for wiring the drive belt);

32 - screw (for fixing a predetermined position of the lever 31);

33 - belt (drive wiring mechanism);

34 - a pulley (tensioning mechanism of the wiring);

35 - pulleys (guides of the wiring mechanism);

36 - a pulley (auxiliary wiring mechanism);

37 - rails (for moving the guide pulleys 35);

38 - rocker (for pretensioning the drive hard synthetic belt);

39 - connector (vibration sensor);

40 - photo tester;

41 - sensor (angular displacement - angular position);

42 - display.

The hardware-software complex includes the following details, components and mechanisms.

Base 1 is a frame welded supporting structure on which all the main components of the complex are mounted.

The base is the base unit of the complex, which includes:

- adjustable supports;

- guides;

- base plates.

The base 1 is a supporting structure, inside of which there is a power supply and a speed control system of the drive complex.

At the corners of the base are four height-adjustable supports 2, with which the complex can be aligned in a horizontal plane.

On the front side of the base 1 there is a complex control panel 3, on the back side there is a panel for connecting the power supply and cables of the complex measuring system.

There are also guides 4 on the back side of the base along which the support bracket 5 of the main drive of the complex and the support bracket 6 of the photo-holder holder are moved, which can move along the axis of the rotational body under study (rotor).

On the upper plane of the base 1, on the countertop 7, two base plates 8 are mounted for fastening the guides 9 along which the support legs of the complex move.

Moving along horizontal guides

necessary for balancing rotors of various lengths.

A bracket is mounted on the side surface of the base 1 with a complex control unit and a touch screen mounted on it for inputting initial data and displaying measurement results.

In the upper part of the base 1 is installed a lifting protective screen of the working area (conventionally not shown in graphic materials).

The supporting posts (left post 10 and right post 11) are designed to perceive gravity and periodic oscillations of the rotor caused by its residual imbalance.

Racks 10 and 11 can be manually moved along two rails along the base 1 along its entire length in order to ensure the required position of the rotor relative to the main drive.

After installing the support posts 10 and 11 in the desired position, they can be locked by hand with two locking screws 12 located on both sides of the posts 10 and 11.

Each support pillar 10 and 11 consists of a fixed body 13, on which is based the movable part, made in the form of a pendulum-type suspension.

When the rotor rotates under the action of dynamic forces caused by its imbalance, the pendulum suspension makes reciprocating movements in a vertical plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor.

In the inoperative state, as well as when transporting, transporting, changing the roller block to a prism, etc. cases, the pendulum suspensions must be stopped, for which purpose the pendulum suspension latch 14 is provided in the construction of the complex on each support column 10 and 11.

The latch handle 14, mounted vertically, disengages the latch and releases the pendulum suspension, turning the latch on by turning it 90 ° counterclockwise blocks the suspension.

In the case of a significant initial imbalance, the oscillations of the pendulum suspension can reach significant values, while the suspension and the housing 13 of the uprights 10 and 11 can collide, causing damage to the suspension mechanism.

To limit the maximum suspension travel (approximately 3 mm), the racks have adjustable caprolon 15 screws.

The ends of these screws 15 with slots are displayed on the front and rear surfaces of the uprights 10 and 11.

In the upper part of each suspension bracket, an installation bracket 16 is screwed to it, onto which (at the choice of the operator) either a roller block or a textolite prism are mounted.

Roller block commonly used:

- for balancing relatively heavy rotors;

- for balancing rotors with relatively low accuracy requirements.

The roller block is attached directly to the suspension and a ferrule 17 with two high-precision rollers 18 is installed in its guides.

The horizontal axis of the rotor is one of the main conditions for quality balancing.

To set the rotor axis in a horizontal position, including in the case of balancing rotors with different diameters of the rotor support journals, two longitudinal grooves are made in the holders of 17 roller bearings, making it possible to adjust the installation height of the rotor under study. The clips 17 are fixed on the mounting brackets 16 with two bolts 19.

The functional purpose of the axial stops of the rotor is to limit the movement of the rotor in the longitudinal direction, the cause of which can be the axial aerodynamic force that occurs when balancing rotors with open blades, or the inclination of the rotor, and other reasons.

As the final element of the axial stop in the design of the machine, either a ball bearing 20 or a flat spring plate 21 of two sizes can be used.

The stops are adjusted by means of rods 22 and fixing clips 23, so that one end element is in contact with the end face of the rotor, and on the opposite side there must be a guaranteed clearance between the end face of the rotor and the end stop.

The initial rod 24 of the axial stop with the ball bearing end element 20 is screwed into one of the threaded holes on the housing of the corresponding support drain 10, and the initial rod 24 of the axial stop "plate" 21 is screwed into the threaded holes on the pendulum suspension.

) первой формы колебаний опор заявленного балансировочного комплекса определяется длинной подвеса маятниковой опоры L=0,065 м и равна:It is worth noting that the natural frequency (

) of the first form of vibration of the supports of the claimed balancing complex is determined by the long suspension of the pendulum support L = 0,065 m and is equal to:

The main drive with a belt or a flat drive belt passing through the pulley system provides transmission of rotation from the electric motor to the rotor, as well as its braking.

The main assembly unit includes the following assembly units:

- supporting bracket 5 with a rod 26;

- mounting bracket 27;

- an asynchronous electric motor 29 mounted on a movable adjustable bracket 27;

- pulley system with a tension and fixation mechanism;

- the drive element is a flat belt 33;

- a belt tension mechanism 33 in the form of a block of pulleys located on a frame-bracket with a screw adjuster-tensioner;

- a frequency-adjustable converter with switching equipment located in the control cabinet.

The support bracket 5 serves to move the drive along the axis of rotation of the rotor so that the drive can be installed in a position selected by the operator.

The support bracket 5 is fixed on the guide by a screw with a handle 25.

A round rod 26 is inserted into the clamp of the support bracket 5, along which the mounting bracket 27 can be moved, the fixing of which on the rod 26 is also carried out by a screw with a handle 28.

On the mounting bracket 27 is an induction motor 29 with a drive pulley 30, as well as a lever with guide pulleys 35.

The lever 31 can carry out its angular movements in order to provide optimal points of contact of the surface of the rotor with the belt (drive belt 33), for which a longitudinal arcuate groove is made in the support bracket 5.

The lever 31 is fixed in the selected position by two screws 32.

The drive, as a rule, is installed between the racks 10 and 11, but, if necessary, it can be installed on the outside of any of them.

To do this, loosen the two screws 32, raise the lever all the way up, loosen the screw 25, and (holding the lever), move the drive to the desired position.

After that, the lever must be installed in its original position and fix the support bracket 5 of the drive.

To transfer torque from the electric motor 29 to the rotor, the complex usually uses a rubber belt 33 of a round (passive) and rectangular section, of the following sizes:

Round belt 800 × 3.0 mm;

Round belt 900 × 2.0 mm;

Round belt 950 × 2.0 mm;

Flat belt 700 × 5 × 2.0 mm;

Flat belt 780 × 5 × 2.0 mm.

The degree of tension of the drive belt 33 is an important condition for ensuring the accuracy of imbalance measurements.

To adjust the degree of tension in the design of the complex provides a system of movable pulleys, which includes: drive pulley 30; idler pulley 34; two guide pulleys 35; auxiliary pulley 36.

The set of the complex for all pulleys 34 and 35 (except for the drive and auxiliary pulleys 30 and 36, respectively) includes interchangeable bandages designed for straps (with a cross-section) and bandages for flat belts.

To replace the bandages, it is necessary to unscrew the 4 fastening screws, and in order to replace the drive pulley 30 mounted on the shaft of the electric motor 29, it is necessary to carry out, observing the indicated sequence, the following:

- remove the electric motor 30 from the mounting bracket 27 by unscrewing 4 screws on its flange;

- unscrew with a key S = 10 mm a special nut located in the cavity of the pulley 30;

- loosen the two locking screws and remove the pulley 30 from the shaft.

- put on the shaft a new pulley 30;

- Tighten the locking screws and only then tighten the special nut.

- install the electric motor 29 on the bracket 27, tighten the fixing screws.

The auxiliary pulley 36 is mounted on the lever 31 with a screw screwed into the axis of the pulley 36.

After replacing the pulleys, they should be checked for ease of rotation.

The tension of the belt 33 is regulated by the movement of the guide pulleys 35 mounted on the rails 37, as well as the tension pulley 34, for which longitudinal grooves are made in the rails 37 and the lever 31.

The release and fixation of the pulleys and rails 37 is carried out by screws.

By turning the rails 37, it is also possible to carry out simultaneous mixing / breeding of workers, i.e. concerning the rotor, the branches of the belt.

In some cases, hard synthetic belts are used instead of soft rubber belts to rotate the rotor.

In this case, the design of the machine has a special pre-tensioning mechanism consisting of a rocker 38 with a spring, and the tension pulley 34 is mounted on the lever of this rocker 38.

The complex operation rules provide for two location schemes (wiring) of the drive belt 33.

The circuit shown in Fig. 4 is more preferable if frequent and quick installation and removal of the rotor is necessary, which is usually characteristic in conditions of serial balancing.

To rotate the rotors of large mass or in the case of a large diameter of the surface covered by the belt, the circuit of FIG. 5 can be applied. In this case, the auxiliary pulley 36 is not engaged.

The relative position of the guide pulleys 35 on the trunk can be considered optimal in the case when the working sections of the belt 33 running on the rotor and running off from it are close to the vertical position or symmetrically converge under the rotor.

When operating a belt drive, one should strive for such a minimal tension force of the belt 33, in which in the "acceleration-braking" modes it does not slip either on the surface of the rotor or on the drive pulley 30.

The complex control system is based on an industrial computer with an integrated measurement system, which includes appropriate sensors (an angular position sensor 41 — angular displacements, vibrations, a photo detector 40, a signal converter, and a measuring device).

Using a specially designed program, the processing of measurement data and visualization of input of preliminary data and display of the results on the screen are performed.

The control system is installed on the bracket and has a touch screen - monitor 42. There are also switching devices (data input and output) with peripheral devices.

The measuring unit (system) of the complex includes the following components: vibration sensors; photo tagger; angle sensor; vibration measuring device.

Vibration sensors attached to the pendulum suspension measure the amplitude of vibrations in its plane, and (in the form of an alternating voltage) transmit this information to a vibration measuring device.

The vibration sensor connector (key 39) is located on the rear of the rack.

The purpose of the photo detector (pos. 40) is to fix the start and end of the vibration amplitude measurement cycle for one revolution of the rotor, which is achieved by contacting the reflective mark mounted on the rotor with the laser beam located in the photo detector.

An important condition for the correct operation of the complex is a single reading of the label for one revolution of the rotor.

In case of possible secondary triggering of the photo-detector from the contact of the beam with various elements of the outer surface of the rotor (risks, rubbing, etc.) or when the photo-detector is “exposed to light” by the external light, incorrect calculation of corrective weights may occur (they may not correspond to the real imbalance) or even the failure of the drive complex.

With the help of a holder consisting of rods and clamps, a photo detector, like an axial stop, can be set in the desired position with respect to the plane of rotation of the reference mark.

The angular displacement sensor (pos. 41) is used to determine the angular position of the rotor relative to the mark. The sensor is connected to the shaft of the drive motor with a rubber strap.

A vibration measuring device (not shown in the figure) is used to measure the vibration of the machine supports that occurs when the rotor rotates, to calculate the values of the correction masses and their installation angles with respect to the reference mark.

As a vibration measuring device for processing registered vibration parameters, for example, the MORION or SAPPHIRE measuring devices of the DIAMEX 2000 company (not conventionally shown in graphic materials) can be used, by means of which the correction mass values are calculated by the method of coefficient of influence and angles of their installation.

The calculation results are displayed on the monitor 41 of the information display unit and, subsequently, can be stored on electronic media or printed on paper.

The developed design of the complex is simple and manufacturable. When designing, we used the components and components that were commercially produced and recommended during operation as part of other devices, and also used the most accessible materials and technologies for their manufacture and processing.

The advantages of the complex are:

- the ability to balance operators of average skill due to the intuitive and simple interface of the software product;

- the presence of an automatic indication of imbalance;

- one and two-plane balancing;

- Calculation of corrective masses for the subsequent correction of the imbalance by drilling, milling, adding masses and balancing rings.

Thus, the developed complex allows you to:

- to produce high-precision balancing of rotors with a minimum value of residual imbalance;

- increase the service life of the machine spindle;

- increase the reliability and accuracy of the processing process;

- makes it possible to expand and improve operating modes, realizing maximum processing speeds, and therefore, increase processing productivity by introducing high-speed and high-precision processing technologies.

The most effective implementation of the complex will take place when introducing equipment with high-speed and heavily loaded operating modes, including the manufacture of precision equipment.

Therefore, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed technical solution:

- an object embodying the claimed technical solution in its industrial implementation is intended for use in industry, namely, to determine the imbalance in the pre-resonance and out-of-resonance modes and the subsequent balancing of rotors of various configurations based on the measurement results.

- for the claimed object in the form as described in the independent clause of the formula below, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described above or known from the prior art on the priority date is confirmed;

- an object embodying the claimed technical solution during its implementation is able to ensure the achievement of the technical result perceived by the applicant.

Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the requirement of the patentability condition "industrial applicability" under the current law.

Technical characteristics of the complex.

Table No. Parameter units meas. value one. Balanced Rotor Weight - minimum kg 0,03 - maximum kg 10.0 2. diameter of the balanced rotor - maximum mm 170 - minimum mm 5 3. balanced rotor length - maximum mm 500 - minimum mm 40 four. Maximum allowable force applied to one support H 45 5. The minimum achievable residual specific imbalance when balancing the control (reference) rotor (according to GOST 200076-89) g * mm / kg 0.1 6. sensitivity g * mm / kg 0.05 7. Balanced Rotor Rotation Range rpm from 350 to 5000 8. The duration of the cycle for determining the corrective masses for two planes of the product, untwisted to a technological speed sec thirty 9. Balancing time, no more min 60 10. diameter of a surface of a covering of a driving belt (passika) maximum mm 120 minimum 10 eleven. diameter of the journal maximum mm fifty minimum 2 12. diameter difference of the support journals maximum mm 80 minimum 0 13. base length mm 500 fourteen. Variable speed balancing spindle electric drive rpm from 300 to 3000 fifteen. Single Phase AC Power Supply 220 V, 50 Hz 16. motor type Asynchronous 17. Electric motor power kW 0.25

Claims (1)

Automated software and hardware complex with a horizontal axis of rotation for the complex balancing of bodies of revolution, including: base; means of basing the investigated body of rotation; the main drive, including an electric motor, kinematically connected with the investigated body of rotation by means of a belt drive; vibration measuring system, including vibration sensors; as well as a control system, characterized in that the base is a hollow supporting structure of a frame type, in the cavity of which there is a power supply unit and a frequency-adjustable converter with switching equipment, a bracket for installing the said control system is fixed on the side of the base, the base is mounted on independently adjustable vertically supported, and on the upper plane of the base on the base plates mounted rigidly mounted support racks that are functionally a means of gesture whom fastenings of horizontal guides for mounting the corresponding elements of the said means of basing; the base means comprises two vertical bases installed on said horizontal guides, mounted with the possibility of independent horizontal movement along the guides with subsequent fixation in a predetermined rack position, on each of which a roller block with a clip or a textolite prism is installed, which are functionally basic elements for installing the body of revolution under study , each rack consists of a fixed body, on which is based a movable, in a plane perpendicular rotation type, part in the form of a pendulum suspension, equipped with adjustable means of limiting the amplitude of its vibrations in the aforementioned plane, while the upper part of the said suspension is equipped with a prismatic bracket, which is functionally the basic element for installing the directly mentioned roller block or prismatic prism, in addition, basing means equipped with limiters of axial movement of the investigated body of rotation in dynamic mode; as the motor in the main drive, an induction motor is used; the vibration measuring system further comprises a photo detector, an angular displacement sensor and a standard vibration measuring device, which is functionally a means of measuring the vibration of the complex supports arising in the dynamic mode of operation and calculating the values of the correction masses and their installation angles with respect to the reference mark formed on the surface of the body of revolution; the control system is formed on the basis of an industrial computer equipped with a display, as well as software for processing the data of the obtained measurements and visualizing the initial data and the output data of the results on the display, while the control system is integrated with the vibration measuring system.

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