RU131404U1 - FACING TILES (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A facing tile containing a flat element made of cured binder material, a protruding rectangular part is made at one end of the tile, a rectangular recess is made at the other end of the tile, recesses are made on the front side of the tile in its array, dividing the tile into the base and the front elements, imitating brick or other masonry walls, while on the ends of the tiles, on its rear side, plate fasteners are fixed, one of which is located transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tile in its straight carbonic recess and the other two fixing elements are arranged longitudinally with respect to the longitudinal tile axis on the sides of said rectangular projecting portion of the tile, wherein each end of the fastening element has a stepped shape, and this end is positioned in the cured plitki.2 array. Cladding tile according to claim 1, characterized in that the height h of the step of each end of the fastener is selected from the condition h = t (0.3-1.1), where t is the thickness of the base of the tile. 3. Cladding tile according to claim 2, characterized in that each fastener is made of a plate whose width s is selected from the condition s = (30-50) r, where r is the thickness of the plate. A facing tile containing a flat element made of hardened cementitious material, angular rectangular recesses are made at the ends of the tile located on opposite sides of the tile, recesses are made on the front side of the tile in its array, dividing the tile into the base and face elements imitating brick or other masonry walls, while plate fasteners are fixed on the back of the tile, each of which is located

Description

These technical solutions relate to means for predominantly exterior wall cladding of buildings. More specifically, it relates to tiles and is intended for use in the production of building materials and in construction.

From the published patent documentation of the Russian Federation, facing tiles are known, in particular, facing ceramic tiles having a front and opposite mounting surfaces with main ridges, the tops of which have a relief in the form of randomly located recesses and protrusions formed as a result of splitting the bar into tiles, characterized in that at least two additional ridges are formed on the mounting surface, the height of which is the same and no less than the maximum height of the main ridges is selected. In another embodiment, this facing ceramic tile having a front and opposite mounting surfaces with areas having a relief in the form of randomly located recesses and protrusions formed as a result of splitting the bar into tiles, characterized in that at least two are molded on the mounting surface ridge, the height of which is the same, and areas with a relief are located at the level of the depressions between the ridges (RU 118335 U1, 07.20.07.2012).

A set is known for facing with decorative tiles, the first set having a rectangular shape with a relief on the front surface that mimics the texture of natural or artificial stone, the main tiles are made with the possibility of connecting at least two decorative tiles into a single block and with the possibility of connecting at least with two additional locking elements with a relief on the front surface, mounted on the front surface of the main tile, at the corners located diagonally on the corresponding corner beatings. In another embodiment, the set has tiles made in a rectangular shape with a relief on the front surface imitating the texture of natural or artificial stone, the main tile being L-shaped, with at least two additional locking elements with a relief on the front surface mounted on the front the surfaces of the main tile, at the corners located diagonally on the corresponding recesses (RU 83787 U1, 06/20/2009).

Also known is a facing tile containing a base with front and back surfaces and side faces, and made with the possibility of its fastening to the wall, characterized in that it is made in the form of a spatial module of regular or irregular shape, having a base with a front surface, which is made as one as a whole or in the form of a two-layer structure — the base layer and the front layer, while the front surface of the spatial module has a volumetric texture in the form of many protrusions of arbitrary shape above the base, as small-sized tiled volumetric elements of various configurations, including any geometric shape, which are located on the front surface of the base in several horizontal rows with a staggered shift relative to each other along the front and with a gap relative to each other in a row, moreover, through a series of parts of the elements beyond the edges of the side faces of the base by 0.5 of its length from one or both sides of the side faces of the module of the facing plate, and from the other edge of the same row there is an open part of the base, also 0.5 length of the element, while the protruding parts of the elements are connecting contact elements when mounted with another similar module for laying them on the open parallel to it open parts of the base of another similar module, which are between two elements (RU 49058 U1, 10.11.2005) .

Known facing ceramic tile having a front, side, end surface and mounting surface, characterized in that the mounting surface is made parallel to each other ridges with a height of 1.5-3.5 mm, while the top of the ridge has a relief formed by cleavage (RU 40354 U1, 09/10/2004).

Also known is facing ceramic tile having a front, side, end surface and an installation surface, characterized in that on the mounting surface there are 1.5-3.5 mm high ridges parallel to each other, and the crest top has a relief formed by cleaving ( RU 37042 U1, 04/10/2004).

Known decorative facing tiles made of rectangular shape with a relief on the front surface that mimics the texture of natural or artificial stone, the main tile is made with at least two additional locking elements with a relief on the front surface mounted on the front surface of the main tile at the corners located diagonally on the corresponding recesses, the width of the additional locking element h = (0.1-0.5) N, where N is the width of the main tile, characterized in that the length of the main tile L (x) = (3,0-3,2) l, where l - length of the additional locking element, and the thickness of the further locking element b = (0,3-0,5) where B - Thickness of primary tiles. In another embodiment, this decorative facing tile is made in a rectangular shape with a relief on the front surface imitating the texture of natural or artificial stone, the main tile is made of an L-shaped shape with at least two additional locking elements with a relief on the front surface mounted on the front surfaces of the main tile at angles located diagonally on the corresponding recesses, the width of the additional locking element h = (0.1-0.5) N, where N is the width of the main plate ki and the thickness of the additional locking element b = (0,3-0,5) where B - basic tile thickness (RU 2405094 C2 27-11-2010).

A close technical solution to the technical solutions presented in this description is a facing tile for buildings containing a base and two embedded elements located on two opposite sides of the base, each of which is made in the form of a U-shaped wire with a transverse section, inextricably connected with the base of the tile, and with longitudinal sections protruding beyond the base, with the possibility of placing the latter in the holes made in the wall of the building, the protruding ends of the wire, located on one side of the base, made longer than the protruding ends of the wire located on the other side of the base, and all free ends of the wires are bent to the same side. The length of the transverse section of the wire of each embedded element is proportional to the length of the base. The protruding longitudinal sections of the wires of the embedded elements are located perpendicular to the base. The length of the protruding longitudinal sections of the wire of each embedded element is greater than the thickness of the base (RU 93106 U1, 04/20/2010).

In the tile RU 93106 U1, embedded elements in the form of wires prevent alignment of the tiles in the plane of the wall cladding, which negatively affects the quality of the cladding and significantly increases the complexity of the facing work.

Facing tiles are known from foreign patent documentation (EP 1509668 A1, 2005-03-02. EP 0972905 A2, 2000-01-19. EP 0943041 A1, 1999-09-22, and the tiles according to the application EP 0943041 F1 have a system for attaching them to load-bearing parts of the walls of the structure and this system includes plate elements connected to tiles).

Another close technical solution to the technical solutions presented in this description is the industrial design (two options) of the facing element, which is characterized by a rectangular shape; the presence of a decorative relief; the implementation of relief details in the form of three rows of brickwork; the presence of parts for oriented docking with an adjacent facing element, made in the form of a protrusion and a reciprocal socket; the implementation of these parts in the form of offset "bricks" of the middle row; the presence on the facing elements of plates with holes. The first variant of the element is characterized by angular execution, and the second variant of the element is characterized by rectangular execution (RU 44472, 06.16.1998, cl. 25-01). The industrial design according to the patent RU 44472 is accepted as the closest analogue of the facing tile (options), which is presented in this description. Common features of this analogue and tiles according to RU 44472 are signs that the tiles to be compared are made in the form of flat elements made of cured cementitious material, each tile has parts for oriented joining with adjacent tiles, these parts are made in the form of a protrusion and a matching socket ; the details are made in the form of displaced elements of the middle row, the tiles have plates, on the front side of the tile in its array there are recesses that divide the tile into the base and face elements imitating brick or other decorative wall masonry.

As practice has shown, the fastening of plates on the facing elements does not meet the reliability requirements due, firstly, to the inefficient sealing of the ends of the plates in the tile array, and secondly, that the plates do not provide effective centering of the faces of the tiles relative to each other and the wall plane, which adversely affects the quality of the cladding and increases the complexity of wall cladding.

The technical result of this utility model is to increase the reliability of tile fastening and the quality of facing work.

The indicated technical result was obtained by three variants of the facing tile, the first of which contains a flat element made of cured adhesive material, a protruding rectangular part is made at one end of the tile, a rectangular recess is made at the other end of the tile, recesses are made on the front side of the tile in its array tile on the base and face elements imitating a brick or other wall masonry, while plate fasteners are fixed at the ends of the tile, on its rear side nti, one of which is located transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tile in its rectangular recess, and two other fasteners are located longitudinally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tile on the sides of the specified protruding rectangular part of the tile, each end of the fastener has a stepped shape and this end is located in the cured tile array.

The second version of the facing tile contains a flat element made of cured adhesive material, angular rectangular recesses are made at the ends of the tile located on opposite sides of the tile, recesses are made on the front side of the tile in its array, dividing the tile into the base and the front elements imitating brick or other masonry walls, while on the back side of the tile, plate fasteners are fixed, each of which is located in the contour of an angular rectangular recess under an inclined angle to the longitudinal axis, each end of the fastener has a stepped shape and this end is located in the cured array of tiles.

The third version of the facing tile contains a flat rectangular element made of hardened cementitious material, the tile has a base and a decorative face layer, lamellar fasteners are located on the rear side of the tile, extending beyond the tile across and along the longitudinal axis of the tile, with each plate element moves away from each side of the tile so that it is oriented perpendicular to the side of the tile from which it extends outward, with each end of the fastener It has a stepped shape and this end is located in the cured array of tiles.

The indicated technical result was also obtained by the fact that in each of the three variants of the facing tile, the height p of the step of each end of the fastener is selected from the condition h = t (0.3-1.1), where t is the thickness of the base of the tile. Each fastener is made of a plate, the width s of which is selected from the condition s = (30-50) r, where r is the thickness of the plate.

The indicated technical result was also obtained by the fact that in the second variant of the facing tile, the axis of the fastening element is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tile at an angle β = 45 ° -60 ° and is removed from the edges of the rectangular recess at a distance f = (0.5-2, 0) s, where s is the width of the plate of the fastener.

This embodiment of the tiles plays a significant role in terms of the quality of laying the tiles on the wall surface, fitting the tiles to their design position, respectively, this has a positive effect on reducing the complexity of wall cladding.

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a facing tile in a side view;

Figure 2 is a view A in figure 1;

Figure 3 - transverse plate mounting element;

Figure 4 is a longitudinal mounting element;

Figure 5 is a section bB in figure 2;

Figure 6 - shows a second variant of the facing tile, top view;

Fig.7 is a section bb in Fig.6;

On Fig shows a third variant of the tile in a top view;

In Fig.9 is a view of G in Fig.8;

Figure 10 is a view D in figure 8;

Figure 11 is a view of And figure 8;

In Fig.12 is a view K in Fig.8.

Facing tile, the first option (figure 1,) is a flat, having a thickness of the element 1 with right angles, made of cured binder material. A protruding rectangular part 3 is made at one end 2 of the tile (FIG. 2), a rectangular recess 5 is made at the other end 4 of the tile 5. On the front side 6 of the tile, recesses 7 are made in its array, dividing the tile into the base 8 and the front elements 9 imitating brick or other wall masonry.

At the end 4 of the tile, on its rear side 10, a transverse plate-shaped fastening element 11 is fastened transversely to the longitudinal axis 12 of the tile in the contour of the rectangular recess 5. At the end of the 2 tiles there are two longitudinal fasteners 13 that are longitudinally relative to the longitudinal axis 12 tiles, on the sides of said protruding rectangular portion of 3 tiles. The end of each fastener embedded in the tile array has a stepped shape, this end has a step 14 (FIGS. 1-14) located in the cured tile array. Each fastener is made of a flat metal plate, resistant to corrosion, for example, galvanized or stainless steel.

The height h of the step 14 (Fig. 4) of each end of the fastener is selected from the condition h = t (0.3-1.1), where t is the thickness of the base of the tile (Fig. 1). The width s of the plate (Fig. 4) of each fastener is selected from the condition s = (30-50) r, where r is the thickness of the plate.

The second variant of the facing tile (Fig.6) is made similarly to the first variant in the form of a flat element 1 with right angles made of cured binder material. At the ends of the tiles are made angular rectangular recesses 15 located on opposite sides of the tile, the recesses are located on the diagonal of the tile. On the front side of the tile in its array, recesses 7 are made, dividing the tile into the base 8 and front elements 9, imitating a brick or other wall masonry.

On the back side 10 of the tile (Fig. 7), plate-shaped fasteners 16 are fixed, each of which is located in the contour of the angular rectangular recess 15. The longitudinal axis of each fastener 16 and, accordingly, the fastener are located at an inclined angle β to the longitudinal axis 17 of the tile ( 6). Each end of the fastener has a stepped shape and a step 18 (Fig. 7) of the end of the fastener 16 is located in the cured array of the second tile variant. The height h of the step of each end of the fastener is selected from the condition h = (0.3-1.1) t, where t is the thickness of the base of the tile. The fastening element is made of a plate whose width s is selected from the condition s = (30-50) r, where r is the thickness of the plate. The axis of the fastener is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tile at an angle β = 45 ° -60 ° and is removed from the edges of the rectangular recess at a distance f = (0.5-2.0) s, where s is the width of the plate of the fastener.

The third variant of the facing tile (Fig. 8) contains a flat rectangular element 19 made of cured adhesive material, the tile has a base 20 (Fig. 9) and a decorative face layer 21. On the rear side 22 of the tile (Fig. 9) are plate fasteners 23 extending beyond the tile across and along the longitudinal axis of the tile. Each plate element 23 (Fig. 8) extends from each side 24 or 25 of the tile so that it is oriented perpendicular to the side of the tile from which it extends outward. Each end of the fastener 23 has a stepped shape (11, 12) and a step 26 of this end of the fastener is located in the cured tile array. The height h of the step of each end of the fastener is selected from the condition h = (0.3-1.1) t, where t is the thickness of the base of the tile. The width s (Fig. 10) of the plate of each fastener 23 is selected from the condition s = (30-50) r, where r is the thickness of the plate.

The second and third tile options have at least one side of the corner recess 27, and on the other side - the corner ledge 28 (Fig.1, 6, 7, 9, 10).

The first version of the facing tile works as follows. Fasten the first tile on the wall as it is located in figure 2, moreover, the tile is mounted on the wall by using cementitious material, mastic or polyurethane foam, or tile is fixed without using these materials. In any of these methods of fixing tiles to the wall, punch holes in the fasteners 11, insert dowels or self-tapping screws into the holes and attract fasteners and tiles to the wall. In the case of using a binder or other material while pulling the tile to the wall, the tile compacts the material, and it is tightly fixed to the wall surface. The second tile is oriented on the wall in the horizontal direction with respect to the first tile and, thus, the first row of tiles in the horizontal direction is formed. Next, a second tile is attached to the wall by inserting plates of fasteners 11 of the second tile under the first tile or under the fasteners of the first tile, after which all of the above operations are repeated. All subsequent tiles of the first row are fixed to the wall as described above. After finishing the wall lining with the first row of tiles, the wall is lined with the second row of tiles, which are placed in a tier above the first row of tiles. The tiles of the second row are fastened to the wall in a similar way and with the fasteners 11, each tile of the second row is attracted to the wall, combining the front surfaces of the tiles of the first and second rows. Similarly, they tiled the wall without the use of binders or other materials for this purpose.

The wall is lined with tiles made in its second embodiment (Fig. 6) as described above, and during the joining of the tiles forming the first, second and subsequent rows located on the wall in a tier, each subsequent tile, after the first tile, is moved towards the first tiles so that the first plate 16 of the subsequent tile can be located between the wall and the plate 16 of the first tile. After that, in the above manner, the second plate 16 of the subsequent tile is attached to the wall, and then the cycle is repeated. After facing the wall with the first row of tiles, tiles of the second row are placed on each of them so that in the corner recess 27 (Fig. 6) of each upper tile there is a protrusion 28 (Fig. 7) of the lower tile adjacent to it.

Facing the wall with tiles made in its third embodiment (Fig. 8) is as follows. The first row of tiles 19 is attached to the wall from left to right. In this case, the corner protrusion 28 (Fig. 9) of each subsequent tile is placed in the corner recess 27 (Fig. 10) of each previous tile. After that, a second row of tiles is attached to the wall, which is placed in a tier above the first row of tiles 19, and each corner protrusion 28 of the second row of tiles is located in the corner recess 27 of the adjacent first row of tiles.

When joining tiles 19, fasteners 23 of each subsequent tile are inserted under each previous tile, and after joining, free fastening elements of the subsequent tile are fixed to the wall with dowels or self-tapping screws.

Since the options for the tiles differ significantly from each other in mass, when facing the walls with tiles of the first, second and third options, a tile option is selected that corresponds to the bearing capacity of the wall and the material of which the wall is made. The presented options of tiles provide the possibility of their choice on the basis of the indicated conditions in a wide range, moreover, the reliability of fixing the tiles on the wall, the convenience of installation work and the quality of wall cladding are improved. This technical result is obtained through the use of fastening plate elements, the shape of the end of each of which provides an accurate base when molding tiles in the form. This is achieved by the fact that the fastening elements 13 or 16, or 23 are installed in the form in the inverted form so that the curved short end of the fastener is located on the base surface of the mold for molding tiles. In this case, after removing the tiles from the mold, the base thickness t of the base of the tile (Fig. 1) always corresponds to the height h of the step 14 (Figs. 3, 4), which plays a significant role in the quality of fitting the tiles in the process of facing the walls with joined tiles in their design position. High-quality laying of tiles on the wall surface significantly reduces the complexity of the cladding.

Claims (10)

1. A facing tile containing a flat element made of cured binder material, a protruding rectangular part is made at one end of the tile, a rectangular recess is made at the other end of the tile, recesses are made on the front side of the tile in its array, dividing the tile into the base and the front elements, imitating brick or other masonry walls, while on the ends of the tiles, on its rear side, plate fasteners are fixed, one of which is located transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tile in its straight carbonic recess and the other two fixing elements are arranged longitudinally with respect to the longitudinal tile axis on the sides of said rectangular projecting portion of the tile, wherein each end of the fastening element has a stepped shape, and this end is positioned in the cured array tiles. 2. Facing tile according to claim 1, characterized in that the height h of the step of each end of the fastener is selected from the condition h = t (0.3-1.1), where t is the thickness of the base of the tile. 3. Cladding tile according to claim 2, characterized in that each fastener is made of a plate, the width of which s is selected from the condition s = (30-50) r, where r is the thickness of the plate. 4. A facing tile containing a flat element made of hardened cementitious material; angular rectangular recesses are made at the ends of the tile located on opposite sides of the tile; recesses are made on the front side of the tile in its array, dividing the tile into the base and face elements imitating brick or other wall masonry, while plate fasteners are fixed on the rear side of the tile, each of which is located in the contour of the angular rectangular recess at an inclined angle to the Aulnay axis, each end of the fastening element has a stepped shape, and this end is positioned in the cured array tiles. 5. Facing tile according to claim 4, characterized in that the height h of the step of each end of the fastener is selected from the condition h = (0.3-1.1) t, where t is the thickness of the base of the tile. 6. Facing tile according to claim 4, characterized in that each fastening element is made of a plate, the width of which s is selected from the condition s = (30-50) r, where r is the thickness of the plate. 7. The facing tile according to claim 4, characterized in that the axis of the fastening element is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tile at an angle of = 45 ° -60 ° and is removed from the edges of the rectangular recess at a distance f = (0.5-2, 0) s, where s is the width of the plate of the fastener. 8. A tile containing a flat rectangular element made of cured adhesive material, the tile has a base and a decorative face layer, lamellar fasteners are located on the rear side of the tile, extending beyond the tile across and along the longitudinal axis of the tile, with each plate the element extends from each side of the tile so that it is oriented perpendicular to the side of the tile from which it extends outward, with each end of the fastener having a step atuyu shape and the end is located in the cured array of tiles. 9. Facing tile according to claim 8, characterized in that the height h of the step of each end of the fastener is selected from the condition h = (0.3-1.1) t, where t is the thickness of the base of the tile. 10. Facing tile according to claim 8, characterized in that each fastening element is made of a plate whose width s is selected from the condition s = (30-50) r, where r is the thickness of the plate.

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