RU126464U1 - BOTTOM SEDIMENT STRATIFIER - Google Patents

Abstract

Stratifying bottom sediment sampler, consisting of a cutting head with a valve, a receiving cylinder, a piston with a handle, characterized in that the valve is activated when the sampler is removed without operator intervention, all parts are made of material with a volumetric heat capacity of not more than 3.54 MJ / (mK) and thermal conductivity of not more than 45.4 W / (mK).

Description

A useful model is a stratifying bottom sediment sampler (ESP) that belongs to the field of environmental monitoring and can be used to conduct studies of contamination of bottom sediments, namely, to take samples of bottom sediments in reservoirs with standing water at any time of the year from a depth of 12 meters.

A device for sampling bottom sediments is known - the Biker sampler (http://www.ccoinstrument.ru/upload/iblock/9db/calalog_Eijkelkamp.pdf, pp. 10, 11) The Biker sampler allows you to take samples of bottom sediments, while maintaining the structure of the sample . Possible sample lengths are 1 and 1.5 m. A rubber membrane that is inflated with a pump allows the sample to be held inside the sampler. The presence of a piston mechanism ensures complete filling of the sampler. Biker's sampler, which is the prototype of this utility model, is used for sampling undisturbed bottom sediments. Samples are taken in a transparent tube, while retaining the original stratification of the selected material, which allows a clear description of the profile.

The standard set includes: the Biker sampler itself, transparent tubes for a sample 1 m or 1.5 m long, a piston + pressure and vacuum pumps with chargers, expandable rods, a T-shaped handle, a handle with a shock head, a hammer, non-stretching ropes , ruff, other accessories. The whole set is delivered in an aluminum case for transportation.

Biker Sampler features:

- fast and high-quality sampling;

- no assembly / disassembly of the device for the next sampling;

- the selected sample is placed either in layers in buckets or in a special container made of stainless steel;

- samples taken using a Biker sampler are compacted by a maximum of 4-5%;

- possible sample length - up to 1.50 m.

The body of the sampler is made of stainless steel, eliminating the possibility of contamination of the sample.

The sample is taken by immersion of the sampler by the handle in the thickness of the bottom sediments. the sampler cutting edge guides the bottom sediment into the inner cylinder. Using the piston, the bottom tube is filled with the bottom sediment, after which a rubber membrane is inflated with the pump to prevent the sediment from falling out. After sampling, the sampler is pulled out of the water, bottom sediments are packed in a prepared bag or container.

The main disadvantages when using the Biker sampler for sampling bottom sediments during environmental monitoring is the complex design, the presence of additional equipment (pumps, ropes, etc.) significantly complicating the sampling procedure, the high cost of equipment, significant weight and dimensions, which makes it difficult to move to the place of sampling and increases the time of sampling, limiting the thickness of bottom sediments (up to 1.5 m). The presence of metal parts at relatively high values of thermal conductivity and heat capacity (steel has a thermal conductivity of 45.4 W / m · K, heat capacity of 0.46 kJ / kg · K, density 7.7 · 10 kg / m ³ , volumetric heat capacity of 3.54 MJ / m ³ · K;

Mikheev M.L. The basics of heat transfer. Moscow: State Energy Publishing House, 1956, 392 pp.) In the cold period leads to freezing of water on metal surfaces (inside and out), which makes it difficult to work in the cold period, and at temperatures below -10 ° С it practically eliminates the possibility of selection.

At the same time, there are materials with lower heat capacities and thermal conductivities than steel, with high strength characteristics, in particular plastics of various types. The main influence on the operational properties of the bottom sediment sampler is exerted by volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity (it is they who determine the amount of stray heat that is transferred to water during sampling, and the speed of this transfer). The thermal conductivity of polystyrene is 200 times less than that of steel, and does not exceed 0.2 W / (m · K); heat capacity - 1 kJ / (kg · K), density 1.05 · 10 ³ kg / m ³ , respectively, unit volume heat capacity - 1.05 MJ / (m ³ · K), which is three and a half times less than at steel. (Piven L.N. et al. Thermophysical properties of polymeric materials. Reference book. Kiev. Vishka school. 1976). The use of such materials makes it possible to exclude freezing of water on the cylinder of the sampler of bottom sediments, regardless of external weather conditions.

For environmental monitoring tasks when sampling bottom sediments, it is necessary to be able to take samples with different thicknesses of bottom sediments (from 0.5 to 5 m), without damaging the structure of the sample, from various depths and the possibility of stratification. The objective of the proposed utility model is to expand the scope, reduce labor costs and time for sampling bottom sediments.

This problem is solved in that the sampler, consisting of a set of cylindrical pipes 1 and 2 meters long, a cutting head with an integrated valve, a piston with a handle, is made of a pipe made of a material with a volumetric heat capacity of not more than 3.54 MJ / (m ³ · K) and thermal conductivity of not more than 45.4 W / (m · K), for example polyester, while the weight of the device is about 1 kg (with a total length of 4 m), and the dimensions allow it to be transported over long distances.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is that:

a) sampling is carried out with a thickness of bottom sediments from 0.5 to 5 or more meters from a depth of 12 meters, regardless of the season (for depths of more than 8 meters it is preferable to work with the cold season from ice);

b) sampling of bottom sediments is carried out without damaging the structure of the sample and requires significantly less effort due to fewer operations and reducing the weight of the sampler;

c) the time taken by the operator to take one sample is reduced due to the extreme simplicity of the design and the reduction in the number of operations.

Thus, the time spent on sampling is reduced, which, combined with a reduction in mass and simplification of the design of the device, significantly reduces the cost of equipment and increases operator productivity, especially for large volumes of work (environmental monitoring of the territory).

The proposed solution is illustrated in more detail by the attached drawing of the device, where

1 - cutting head;

2 - valve;

3 - receiving cylinder;

4 - a piston with a handle;

The cutting head (1) is designed for mounting the valve (2) and is quick-detachable to facilitate the pushing out of bottom sediments. The valve (2) is designed to hold bottom sediments in the receiving cylinder (3) when it is removed. The receiving cylinder (3) consists of pipes 1 and 2 m long with a diameter of 50 to 60 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm, having a bayonet mount on the edges, allowing them to be connected quickly and reliably. A piston with a handle (4) is designed to push bottom sediments out of the receiving cylinder segments. On the outside of the handle there is a scale for measuring the height of the desired stratum.

All parts of the sampler are made of a material with a volumetric heat capacity of not more than 3.54 MJ / (m ³ · K) and thermal conductivity of not more than 45.4 W / (m · K), for example, polyester to prevent freezing of equipment during operation in the cold season and lightweight construction.

The device operates as follows.

1. Collect the EAP of the required length, taking into account the thickness of the bottom sediments and the depth of the light part by connecting the required number of segments of the receiving cylinder and the cutting head with the valve.

2. Place the EAP vertically on the surface of the bottom sediments at the proposed sampling location.

3. Immerse the ESP in the bottom sediments to the required depth by pressing on the body of the receiving cylinder.

4. Remove the EAP from the water.

5. Disassemble the ESP by unscrewing the cutting head with the valve and, if necessary, the segments of the receiving cylinder have sat down.

6. Using a piston, push the stratum of the required length into a plastic bag or other prepared container.

After sampling, a control inspection of the entire EAP is performed and, if necessary, its surfaces are cleaned of adhering bottom sediments.

A specific example of the device:

The housing of the receiving cylinder (3) is made of polypropylene 2 m long with a diameter of 50 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. Using a bayonet connector, a cutting head (1) is attached to the cylinder body in the lower part, into which a valve (2) is mounted, bent so that when folding it does not interfere with the passage of bottom sediments. The valve has a bend, for which bottom sediments cling to when removing the sampler, causing the valve to close. In cases where the density of deposits in the lower part of the sample is so high that the valve does not work and sticks, its role is played by the bottom deposits themselves, holding the sample in the cylinder due to friction forces. Sampling is carried out by vertical immersion of the sampler and bottom sediments to a specified depth.

The proposed design of the sampler expands the scope, facilitates and reduces the time of sampling of each sample by:

- a significant simplification of the design,

- exclusion of freezing water on the sampler parts, regardless of external weather conditions,

- reducing the weight and dimensions of the device.

Claims (1)

Stratifying bottom sediment sampler, consisting of a cutting head with a valve, a receiving cylinder, a piston with a handle, characterized in that the valve is activated when the sampler is removed without operator intervention, all parts are made of material with a volumetric heat capacity of not more than 3.54 MJ / (m ³ K) and thermal conductivity of not more than 45.4 W / (mK).

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