RU12218U1 - FUEL MIXER GENERATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

A fuel mixture generator comprising a housing, bushings coaxially mounted therein with the formation of an internal and peripheral channels for supplying a spray and an intermediate channel with a swirl for supplying fuel to an annular nozzle, characterized in that an additional chamber for mixing fuel with a spray made in the form of a diffuser an annular nozzle, the longitudinal axis of which coincides with the axis of the generator, and the annular axis - with the annular axis of the annular fuel nozzle, on the inner and outer walls of the diffuser nozzle opposite to each other, at least three circular nozzle devices are made, connected respectively to the internal and peripheral nozzle supply channels, while the longitudinal axis of the spray jets from the nozzle devices of the diffuser annular nozzle lie, on the one hand, in planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the generator, and on the other sides - in planes intersecting at an angle greater than zero degrees with the tangent planes of the lateral surfaces of the truncated straight cones formed by circles on which the points section of the longitudinal axes of the spray jets with the corresponding surfaces of the walls of the diffuser annular nozzle, and circles of small diameter refer to the inner wall, and the circles of larger diameter correspond to the outer wall of the diffuser annular nozzle, while the longitudinal axes of the spray jets are at an angle less than 90 to the plane of intersection lines.

Description

The utility model relates to a technique for spraying gaseous or liquid fuels with compressed air or bunk. The fuel mixture generator can be used in the power industry when burning gaseous or liquid fuel in the furnaces of boiler plants.

Known nozzle containing a housing, a Central fuel tube, a diffuser nozzle with tangential channels installed in the output section of the injection tube with the formation of the annular nozzle body, a cylindrical tip with radial distribution holes of the injection tube placed in the cavity of the diffuser nozzle in front of the cylindrical tip, and the tangential channels diffuser nozzles are made with a total area of passage sections comprising 0.45 ... 0.7 of the area of the passage section of the annular nozzle , and placed at a distance from the output edge of the diffuser nozzle, comprising 0.4 ... 1.2 from its maximum diameter, (see USSR Author's Certificate No. 1767288, M. Cl. F 23 D 11/10, 1989)

The design of this nozzle atomizes and mixes fuel with air, however, it does not allow highly efficient burning of viscous fuels due to the uneven formation of a film on the edge of the diffuser nozzle. The heated fuel through the radial distribution holes enters the cavity of the diffuser nozzle unorganized, the formation of a conical fuel film on the inner surface of the diffuser nozzle is problematic. For

Fuel Generator

In order to form a stable fuel film, it is necessary to ensure fuel swirling, uniformly sprinkling it on the conical surface of the diffuser nozzle and further mixing with air flowing through the tangential channels of the diffuser nozzle, which is impossible due to the thickness; the walls of the fuel tube are otherwise tangential to make the radial holes. The resulting air-fuel emulsion film on the section of the diffuser nozzle with secondary air is inefficiently dusty.

In addition, a significant drawback of this nozzle is the lack of structural elements providing adjustment of the shape of the torch - its diameter and length.

The closest in technical essence and in the expected result with respect to the proposed generator mixture is a nozzle containing a housing and bushings, coaxially mounted in it with the formation of the internal and peripheral channels for supplying the atomizer and the intermediate channel for supplying liquid, not connected to the nozzle apparatus, made in the form of annular rows of slotted slots displaced in the circumferential direction in adjacent rows, the slots of the outer row are made with longitudinal axes intersecting with th nozzle in front of its outlet slice inside the cornea, with the longitudinal axis of the slots of the outer and inner rows inclined to each other at an angle not exceeding 90, and the side walls of a larger area of these slots are located in planes intersecting the axis of the nozzle at one point located at its level output slice or behind it. (see RF Patent. No. 2052719, M. Cl1 F23D 11/12, 1992).

A significant drawback of this nozzle is that there is no optimal mixture formation, uniform distribution of fuel due to

insufficient turbulence, as the spraying process takes place in one step, i.e. grinding fuel with a spray gun (steam or air) and swirling the crushed fuel occurs at the exit of the fuel nozzle.

The process of mixture formation should take place in three stages: at the first stage, grinding the jet of fuel flying out of the nozzle; at the second stage - the creation of a uniform, homogeneous mixture of fuel with the atomizer, at the third - the orientation of the mixture in space after the nozzle, i.e. the formation of the angle of the fuel torch is carried out to obtain the necessary range and flow rate.

The slots of the outer and inner rows, but to which the atomizer is supplied (steam or air), when spraying liquid fuel, especially boiler fuel oil like TKM, are coked due to radiation from the flame of the torch. Additional measures are required to prevent this drawback.

Therefore, to ensure high-quality atomization of liquid fuel, in particular heavy hydrocarbon fuel, having a density of about 0.95 kg / m, a boiling point of about 250 C, a dynamic viscosity of about 10 kg s / m at a temperature of + 120 ° C, it is difficult to use this nozzle.

Fuel atomization is the most important component of the working process of burning a fuel mixture in the furnace of a boiler plant. The subsequent stages of work depend on the quality of fuel atomization - mixing the diluted fuel with an oxidizing agent (air), the exhaustion of atomized fuel and the combustion of the fuel mixture.

The atomization fineness is characterized by the diameter of the droplets of fuel: the smaller the diameter of the droplets, the finer the atomization of the fuel. The atomization homogeneity is characterized by the range of variation of the diameter of the droplets in the spray of the sprayed tonnel: the smaller the difference in the diameters of the droplets formed, the more uniform the atomization of the fuel.

in a homogeneous system (the fuel and the oxidizing agent are in a gaseous state), the mutual contact of the fuel and the oxidizing agent (reagents) is carried out by mixing, after which the combustion process can develop in any direction of the mixture volume. In a heterogeneous system (fuel and oxidizing agent - in diffuse aggregate states), the interaction between the reactants can be carried out only on the contact surface of the chemically active phases of the system, i.e. on the interface between fuel and oxidizer. The size of the surface of a mutual cact of reactants greatly affects the rate of the heterogeneous combustion process. The desire to break up liquid fuel into the smallest particles before introducing it into the combustion zone is the main way of intensifying (increasing the speed) of the combustion process.

Thorough spraying of liquid fuel with a nebulizer (steam or compressed air) and further mixing with an oxidizing agent (air) is a way to reduce oxides in the products of combustion of fuel and oxidizing agents, for example, nitrogen oxides (NOx).

This utility model is aimed at solving the problem of optimal fuel atomization, with the aim of ensuring uniform fuel flow rate, the necessary torch shape, the required range, elimination of carbonization and coking of the fuel-emitting nozzle and minimal yield of oxides, in particular nitrogen oxides (NOx), with combustion products.

The problem is solved in that in the generator of the fuel mixture containing the housing, bushings coaxially installed in it with the formation of the internal and non-peripheral channels for supplying the atomizer and the intermediate channel with the swirler for supplying fuel to the annular nozzle, an additional chamber for mixing fuel with the atomizer is installed as

diffuser annular nozzle, the longitudinal axis of which coincides with the axis of the generator, and the annular axis of the diffuser annular nozzle coincides with the annular axis of the annular fuel nozzle, at least three circular nozzle devices are connected opposite each other, connected respectively to the inner and peripheral spray gun feed channels, while the longitudinal axis of the spray jets from the nozzle apparatuses of the diffuser annular nozzle are, on the one hand, parallel to the planes x the longitudinal axis of the generator, and on the other hand, in planes that intersect at an angle greater than zero degrees with the tangent planes of the side surfaces of the truncated straight cones formed by circles, on which lie the points of intersection of the longitudinal axes of the spray jets with the corresponding surfaces of the walls of the diffuser ring nozzle, the circles of small diameter refer to the inner wall, and the circles of larger diameter to the outer wall of the diffuser annular nozzle, while the longitudinal axis of the jets are divisor arranged at an angle less than 90 ° to the lines neresecheniya these planes. The proposed generator is presented in the drawings, where:

FigL. - presents the design of the fuel mixture generator;

Figure 2. - a design variant of the fuel mixture generator with a tangential fuel swirl;

Fig.Z. - the appearance of the fuel mixture generator;

di is the inner diameter of the annular fuel nozzle; di is the outer diameter of the annular fuel nozzle;

. +0.01

p - the relative position of the inner and outer parts

annular fuel nozzle;

Fig. 5. is an embodiment of the central body in the embodiment of the fuel swirler in the form of a screw;

6. - a variant of the central body in the design of the fuel swirl in the form of a chamber with a tangential entry of fuel into it;

7. - a schematic diagram of the mixing chamber of the fuel mixture generator to represent the physics of the process of atomization of fuel in it;

Fig. 8. - a scan of the side surface of the inner wall of the diffuser annular nozzle (mixing chamber), on which the intersection points (Ai, Bi, and C |) of the longitudinal axes of the spray jets with this surface are applied (for example, 12 points on the first (Ai, ... AP ), the second (Bj-Vp) and the third (Cj, ... € 12) nozzle apparatuses of the mixing chamber);

Fig.9. - a scan of the lateral surface of the outer wall of the diffuser annular nozzle (mixing chamber), on which the intersection points (Ai, Bi, and Ci) of the longitudinal axes of the spray jets with this surface (on

an example of 12 points on the first (Al, ... AP), second (Bj-Bp) and third (Cb ... C 12) nozzle apparatuses of the mixing chamber);

FIG. 10. - projections of the mutual arrangement of nozzle devices on the inner and outer walls of the diffuser annular nozzle (mixing chamber);

11. - the design of the nozzle apparatus of the inner wall of the diffuser annular nozzle (mixing chamber);

Fig. 12. - the design of the nozzle apparatus of the outer wall of the diffuser annular nozzle (mixing chamber);

FIG. 13. - arrangement of projections of the longitudinal jets of the nozzle nozzle apparatus of the inner wall of the diffuser annular nozzle (mixing chamber) using the example of the second nozzle apparatus;

where B, Bu are the projections of the lateral surface 31 of the truncated straight cone

with a vertex M2 on the axis of the generator along a small circle, there are points of intersection of the longitudinal axes of the spray jets of the second nozzle apparatus (BI, ... Bi) with the surface of the inner wall of the diffuser annular nozzle;

P1, P1 - projection of the tangent plane to the lateral surface of the truncated cone (Beech);

11c, 11 | {are the projections of the secant plane at an angle OLQ (the projections of this angle are OS and a) to the tangent plane Pk;

(a - a), (a - a) - projections of the line of intersection of the surfaces Mon and Pk; line (a - a) belong simultaneously to the surfaces Buk, Pk, Pn and on them lie points BI, ...

P, P are the projections of the angle of inclination of the axes of the spray jets to the lines (a - a);

 FIG. 14. - the location of the projections of the longitudinal jets of the nozzle nozzle apparatus of the outer wall of the diffuser annular nozzle on the numbering of the middle nozzle apparatus;

where B, Bu are the projections of the lateral surface 31 of the truncated straight cone

with the vertex M2 on the longitudinal axis of the generator, on a large circle there are points of intersection of the longitudinal axes of the spray jets of the second nozzle apparatus (B i, ... Bl) with the surface of the outer wall of the diffuser annular nozzle;

P1, P1 - projection of the tangent plane to the lateral surface of the truncated cone (Beech);

ПЦ, Пн - projections of the secant plane at an angle YQ (projections of this

angle - y and y) to the tangent plane Pk;

(a - a), (a - a) - projections of the line of intersection of the surfaces Mon and Pk; the lines (a - a) belong simultaneously to the surfaces Buk, Pk, Pn, and on them lie points B ... Bl;

V, V - projection of the angle of inclination of the axes of the spray jets to the lines (a - a);

 Fig.15. - projections of the longitudinal axes of the spray nozzles of the second nozzle

apparatus of the inner and outer walls of the diffuser annular nozzle; and is described below.

The fuel mixture generator contains (Fig. 1.) a housing 1 with a union nut 2, a central sleeve 3, in which a central body 4, consisting of a fixing bolt (Fig. 5) 5, nozzle devices 6 assembly, the inside of the mixing chamber, is sequentially installed (Fig. 1) 7, made in the form of a diffuser annular nozzle, the inner part (Fig. 5) 8 of the fuel annular nozzle (Fig. 1) 9, swirler (Fig. 5) 10, for example, a screw, base 11, and the outer part (Fig. . 1) 12 of the fuel annular nozzle 9 installed in the sleeve 3, the nozzle apparatus 13 assembly, the outer part amers mixing 7 by a nut 2, through the thrust piece 14 and the tightening cylinder 15, with unorami on the inner and outer surfaces, are attracted to the housing 1, for example, thread. The inner tube 16, forming the inner channel 17 for supplying the atomizer (steam or compressed air), is attached to the sleeve 3, for example, by welding, the channel 17 through the holes in the sleeve 3, the base 11 and the mounting bolt 5 is connected to the nozzle apparatus 6 assembly.

The adapter sleeve 18 is welded at one end to the sleeve 3, and the other to the tube 19, the annular space between the tubes 16 and 19 forms an intermediate fuel supply channel 20, and the holes 21 in the sleeve 3 provide fuel passage to the swirler 10 and then to the annular nozzle 9.

The adapter sleeve 22 is welded at one end to the sleeve 3, and the other to the tube 23, the annular space between the tubes 19 and 23 forms a peripheral channel 24 for supplying the spray through the holes 25 in the sleeve 3 to the nozzle devices 13 assembly.

The thrust sleeve 14 abuts against the sleeve 3 at one end, and a tube 26 is welded to the other end, which is the protective casing of the tubes 16, 19 and 23 and forms the barrel of the fuel mixture generator with them.

The bushings 3, 18 and 22 are mounted coaxially with respect to each other.

The swirler 10 (FIGS. 2 and 6) in the form of a chamber with a tangential entry of fuel into it consists of a plate 27 and an outer part 12a with holes 28 of the fuel nozzle 9 for supplying fuel.

The holes 29 (FIG. 3) in the housing 1 are intended for air supply for cooling and screening the generator from the radiant heat flux of a burning torch.

Auxiliary surfaces (Fig. 7) 30,31 and 32 are used to represent the physics of the mixing chamber operation process (Fig. 1) 7 and are lateral surfaces of straight truncated cones with vertices MI, MI and Ms, respectively. Circles 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38, respectively, belong to the aforementioned side surfaces and side surfaces 6a and 13a of straight truncated cones with vertices D and F, respectively, of nozzle devices 6 and 13 (Fig. 1). Scan surfaces 6a and 13a (Fig. 8 and 9) represent one of the options for the location of the sections of the nozzles of the spray, where the points Ai, .- Aj; Bi, - Bj; Cb-C, the nozzles of the nozzle apparatus 6 assembly are indicated, and the points AB ... AJ; BI, .- BI; Cl, .- Ci - nozzles of the nozzle apparatus 13 assembly. The mutual arrangement of the nozzles (Fig. 10) of the apparatuses 6 and 13 assembled depends on the type of fuel and the atomizer, as well as the design of the combustion space of the boiler plant.

The nozzle apparatus (Fig. 1) 6 assembly consists of (Fig. 11) a base 39, a first nozzle apparatus 40, a spacer 41, a second nozzle apparatus 42, a spacer 43, a third nozzle apparatus 44 and a support washer 45.

The nozzle apparatus (Fig. 1) 13 assembly consists of (Fig. 12) smallpox 46, a first nozzle apparatus 47, a separator 48, a second nozzle apparatus 49, a separator 50, and a third nozzle apparatus 51.

Assembly nozzles 6 and 13 can be collapsible or disassembled, in which parts 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 and 45 can be joined, for example, by diffusion welding., Parts 46, 47, 48, 49, similarly can be welded 50 and 51 as a whole.

The axis of the generator (Fig. 13) 52 coincides with the longitudinal axes of the diffuser annular nozzle (mixing chamber 7) and the fuel cone 53 flowing out of the fuel nozzle (Fig. 1) 9. On the example of the second nozzle devices 42 and 49 of the nozzle devices 6 and 13, the assembly shows the orientation of the longitudinal axes 54 and 55 (Fig. 13 and 14) of the spray jets in the mixing chamber 7 (Fig. 1) of the fuel mixture generator. The longitudinal axis 54 of the nozzle nozzle 42 (Fig. 13) simultaneously lie in the plane Pc (projection of the plane -Pc and), tangent to the side surface 31 (projections of which are denoted by Wook and), in the plane П „(projection of the plane - П„ и) , the secant plane Pk and the surface 31, having a common intersection line (a - a) (projection of lines - (a - a) and (a - a)) of these planes and in the plane g parallel to axis 52 (trace of plane g in FIG. 13). Axles 54 are located under

angle a О (projection of the angle - а and ос), which is formed by the planes Пк and П „of the nozzle apparatus 42, and at the angle Р - 90 (projection of the angle - Р and Р) to the line (а - а). The longitudinal axis 55 of the nozzle nozzle apparatus 49 (Fig. 13) simultaneously lies in the plane Pc (projection of the plane -Pc and) tangent to the side surface 31 (projections of which are denoted by B uk and B uk), in the plane P „(projection of the plane - P n and Pn), the secant plane Pk and the surface 31, which have a common intersection line (a - a) (projections of the lines - (a - a) and (a - a)) of these planes and the surface, and in the plane f parallel axis 52 (trace of the plane f - f in Fig. 14). The axes 55 are located at an angle J Q (projection of the angle - y and y), which

formed by the planes Pk and P „of the nozzle apparatus 49, and at an angle V - 90 (projections of the angle - v and v) to lipia (a - a).

The axes 54 and 55 of the nozzle apparatuses 42 and 49 are oriented with respect to the fuel cone 53 (Fig. 15).

The fuel mixture generator operates as follows. Top gshvo and atomizer drop by drop (Fig. 1) 17, 20 and 24, respectively, in the barrel of the fuel mixture generator are supplied under pressure from the fuel supply system and regulation of the boiler installation to the central sleeve 3. Further, the fuel through the holes 21 in the sleeve 3 enters the swirler 10, for example, a screw, in which the fuel is twisted and fed into the fuel annular nozzle 9, from which it is converted into a rotating; the conical film is tapered - the fuel cone 53 and enters the mixing chamber 7 when this, at the same time, the nozzle from the nozzle apparatuses 6 and 13 is assembled into the same assembly, into which the nozzle, accordingly, enters through the holes located in the base 11 and the fixing bolt 5, then through the holes in the separators (Fig. 11) 41 and 43 to nozzle appa Atam 40, 42 and 43 of the nozzle apparatus 6 assembly and 25 in the sleeve 3 and in the base (Fig. 12) 46 to the nozzle apparatus 47, and further, through the holes in the spacers 48 and 50 to the nozzle apparatuses 49 and 51, respectively, of the nozzle apparatus 13 assembly.

From the nozzles of the nozzle apparatuses (Fig. 11) 40 and 47, 42 and (Fig. 12) 49, 43 and 51, the sprayer at certain angles (Figs. 13,14 and 15) enters the mixing chamber 7, where it interacts with the nozzle 9 fuel nlenkoy - fuel cone 53 (Fig. 15), and the vectors of the fuel film and spray

directed to one side, turning it into a properly chopped, mixed, additionally twisted and heated by the radiation of a burning torch and spray (if spray - steam) vaporous mass oriented in furnace furnace, to ensure the optimal combustion process for a particular boiler plant.

Due to a change in the fuel pressure in channel 20, the fuel consumption characteristic of the generator changes, and due to a change in the pressure of the atomizer in channels 17 and 24, the shape of the torch changes — when the pressure in channel 17 increases or decreases, the diameter of the torch increases or decreases, with increase or decrease the pressure in the channel 20 increases or decreases the length of the torch, while increasing the pressure in the channels 17 and 20 increases or decreases the diameter and length of the torch, which is very important for adjusting the proposed generator fuel mixture to a specific type of furnace of a boiler plant.

From structural considerations, the barrel of the fuel mixture generator with tubes (Fig. 1) 16, 19, 23 and 26, bushings 3, 14 and 15, housing 1, nut 2 are unified for different types of boilers. Changing only the complete units in the fuel mixture generator (Figs. 1 and 6) 6 or the entire assembly 4 and details 12, the selection of the necessary kit (Fig. 4) or the assembly 4 (Figs. 2 and 7) to ensure the necessary fuel consumption can be ensured combustion processes in different types of boiler plants (for example, DKVR, DE, etc.). This reduces the range of parts and assemblies, which reduces the cost of the fuel mixture generator. The design, selection of materials from which the parts and components of the generator are made, in accordance with the requirements of GOST 4.470-87, GOST 21204-97, GOST 27824-88, provide high performance properties of the proposed fuel mixture generator. High performance of the proposed generator in terms of carbonization and

coking, leading to a change in flow characteristics, is significantly improved by the introduction of a mixing chamber, which prevents the coking of fuel-efficient; its nozzle 9, and specially organized cooling of the generator with air through openings 29 (screening of the internal structure of the generator) and a spray passing through the heperator (spray temperature - steam or air varies in a small range), ensure the stability of the geometric parameters of the generator and, as a result, the stability of the characteristics of the generator but in general.

The proposed fuel mixture generator allows you to:

to optimally spray fuel to ensure evaporation, mixing fuel with an oxidizing agent (air) and to ensure the process of burnup of the fuel mixture in the thin space of boiler plants in order to ensure high efficiency of the boiler as a whole, significantly reduce the output of solid particles and oxides, in particular, oxides, from the combustion products nitrogen (NOx);

to regulate the shape of the torch by changing the pressure of the atomizer in the central or peripheral channels, which allows the proposed fuel mixture generator to be used in automatic control systems of boiler plants, where, in order to ensure the necessary generation of heat carrier (bunker or hot water) when the consumer consumes coolant and the maximum possible efficiency of the boiler, it is necessary to change the shape of the torch in order to use the entire radiant beam of the boiler ;

unify the proposed generator due to its design for various types of boiler plants;

due to the low requirements for manufacturing accuracy, in contrast to the classic centrifugal nozzles and prototin, significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing costs. General Director of IC IC “Tensor crVt Miroshnikov V.I.

Claims (1)

A fuel mixture generator comprising a housing, bushings coaxially mounted therein with the formation of an internal and peripheral channels for supplying a spray and an intermediate channel with a swirl for supplying fuel to an annular nozzle, characterized in that an additional chamber for mixing fuel with a spray made in the form of a diffuser an annular nozzle, the longitudinal axis of which coincides with the axis of the generator, and the annular axis - with the annular axis of the annular fuel nozzle, on the inner and outer walls of the diffuser nozzle opposite to each other, at least three circular nozzle devices are made, connected respectively to the internal and peripheral nozzle supply channels, while the longitudinal axis of the spray jets from the nozzle devices of the diffuser annular nozzle lie, on the one hand, in planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the generator, and on the other sides - in planes intersecting at an angle greater than zero degrees with the tangent planes of the lateral surfaces of the truncated straight cones formed by circles on which the points sectionalization of the longitudinal axes of the spray jets with the corresponding surfaces of the walls of the diffuser annular nozzle, the circles of small diameter refer to the inner wall and the circles of larger diameter to the outer wall of the diffuser annular nozzle, while the longitudinal axes of the spray jets are at an angle less than 90 ^o to the intersection lines of the planes .