RU2601396C1 - Electrostatic burner for burning liquid fuels in furnace of power boilers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: energy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering and can be used for burning liquid fuels in furnace plants of boiler units. Electrostatic burner for burning liquid fuels in furnace of power boilers comprises a hollow fuel feeding tube and a nozzle, electrostatic atomizer, negative electrode of which is a system of metal spraying nozzles, outlet sections of which are arranged along concentric circles in one plane with the outer surface of the positive electrode and separated therefrom by dielectric washers, as well as a system of air cylinder slotted channels arranged along concentric circles between rows of spraying nozzles, diameters of circular holes of the positive electrode ranges from 10 to 15 outer diameters of spraying nozzles.

EFFECT: invention provides higher quality of spraying and mixing liquid fuel with air.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used for burning liquid fuel in the combustion devices of boiler units.

The invention relates to furnace-burner devices for dispersing liquid fuel and its mixture formation with air, for subsequent ignition and combustion of heat-generating plants in the combustion chamber. As a result of spraying, the surface of liquid fuel particles increases many times, which means the rate of its combustion in the combustion devices of heat-generating plants.

Known burner device comprising a mechanical nozzle containing a barrel for supplying fluid, a head with an outlet adjacent to the outlet end of the barrel, a swirl [A.I. Carabiner et al. Combustion of liquid fuels. M .: Metallurgy, 1966. - S. 116, Fig. 31].

A burner device is known that includes a mechanical nozzle containing a fluid supply barrel, a distribution washer with holes and an annular groove for distributing fuel through the tangential channels of the swirl chamber, a distribution washer, a swirl chamber disk, a nozzle disk and a union nut of the nozzle head [V. Adamov. Burning fuel oil in boiler furnaces. - L .: Nedra, 1989 .-- S. 115-117, Fig. 4.33].

Also known is a burner device comprising a mechanical nozzle containing a cylindrical body with a nozzle, the inner surface of which is made in the form of a continuously tapering cone, passing into a cylinder, an insert placed inside the body with a longitudinal channel for supplying fluid and connected to the latter communicating through the annular cavity in the insert with a fluid supply channel in the form of spiral grooves on the outer surface of the downstream section of the fluid outlet [EN 2011428 C1, 04/30/1994, B05B 1/34].

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of features is a burner device comprising a mechanical nozzle containing a hollow tube for supplying fuel under pressure and a nozzle (Big Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., 1991, v. 2, p. 568) .

The main disadvantages of the above devices is the relatively large energy costs for the operation of the fuel pump, as well as the fact that they cannot provide a high degree of homogeneity of the sprayed fuel particles in a given dispersion range and high efficiency of the process of mixture formation with air. The heterogeneity of the formed particles in size causes the incompleteness of fuel combustion from mechanical underburning due to the fact that large particles do not have time to burn out due to the limited time spent in the furnace space.

The high concentration of particles in the jet entering the furnace volume at a high speed, under the conditions of the combustion process that has begun, makes it difficult for air to reach the surface of the particles: combustion in the absence of an oxidizing agent (air oxygen), due to the disadvantages of the mixture formation process by the known device, leads to increased losses heat from chemical burnout.

The disadvantages of existing burner devices with mechanical nozzles also include the high range of the sprayed fuel jet (on boilers of high power up to 5 meters), which is the cause of deposits of unburned fuel particles on the combustion chamber screens and on the tail surfaces of the heating of heat generating units, resulting, respectively, to their burning and explosions.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of atomization and mixture formation of liquid fuel with air by constructive improvement of burner devices with fuel nozzles for burning liquid fuel.

The technical problem is the creation of a burner for burning liquid fuel, which eliminates the above disadvantages.

The technical result of this invention consists in the development of a burner device based on an electrostatic dispersion method, which ensures the production of atomized liquid fuel particles uniform in size in a given dispersion range with optimization of their mixture formation with air.

To achieve a technical result, an electrostatic fuel burner device including an electrostatic nozzle is proposed, the negative electrode of which is a system of metal spray nozzles, the output sections of which are located on concentric circles in the same plane as the outer surface of the positive electrode and are separated from it by dielectric washers, as well as an air system cylindrical slotted channels located in concentric circles between the rows of ra spray nozzles, and the diameters of the circular holes of the positive electrode are from 10 to 15 outer diameters of the spray nozzles.

The positive effect of using an electrostatic burner is as follows.

An electrostatic nozzle with the design of the electrode system given in the formula, based on the electrostatic dispersion method, will ensure a high degree of uniformity of atomized fuel particles in a given dispersion range, which is one of the conditions for complete combustion of all particles in the combustion chamber and thereby reducing incomplete combustion of fuel from mechanical underburning due to the shortage of time spent in the chamber during the flare combustion process.

Using the above construction of an electrostatic burner will also reduce the range of the fuel jet, which is explained by an increase in the number of nozzles in the nozzle, which thereby reduces fuel consumption through each such mini-nozzle. And since the range of the liquid fuel jet depends on the flow rate, its reduction will lead to a decrease in the range of the nozzle and to the elimination of deposits of unburned fuel particles on the screens of the combustion chamber and on the tail surfaces of the heating of heat-generating plants and, accordingly, to the exclusion of burnout and explosions.

The proposed electrostatic burner will also reduce the loss of heat from chemical underburning due to an improvement in the conditions of mixture formation of fuel with air, which is due to the distributed flow of air to all the micro-jets of the sprayed fuel formed when the nozzle system expires.

In addition, the use of an electrostatic nozzle will significantly reduce the energy consumption for the dispersion process, since the energy consumption in the absence or negligible current is tens of times less than the energy consumption for a mechanical nozzle, the efficiency of which is determined by the power of the fuel pump.

In FIG. 1 shows an electrostatic burner for spraying liquid fuel, a general view;

figure 2 is a view of figure 1;

figure 3 - node 1 in figure 1;

figure 4 - node 2 in figure 1.

The electrostatic burner contains:

1 - metal spray nozzles (electrodes) arranged in groups along concentric circles in several rows;

2 - cylindrical air slotted channels located in concentric circles between the rows of spray nozzles;

3 - housing electrostatic burner;

4 - dielectric insulating ring;

5 - fitting for air supply;

6 - dielectric insulating washers;

7 - storage tank for fuel;

8 - metal plate No. 1, in which metal spray nozzles are pressed;

9 - metal plate No. 2 (electrode);

10 - fitting for fuel supply (hollow tube);

11 - high voltage power supply;

12 - internal distribution cavity;

13 - connecting wire;

14 - connecting wire.

The device operates as follows.

Liquid fuel through the fuel supply nozzle 10 is supplied to the fuel storage tank 7, from which it enters the metal spray nozzles 1 (electrodes) and then to the interelectrode space formed by the electrode system 1 (metal spray nozzles pressed into the metal plate No. 1 and connected to the negative pole of the high voltage power supply 11) and 9 (metal plate No. 2 connected to the positive pole of the high voltage power supply 11). As a result of the influence of the electrostatic field on the fuel coming from the nozzles, the formation of a dispersed system of uniform in size particles of fuel occurs. By superimposing spray torches arising from each jet, one large spray torch is formed, consisting of monodisperse particles of the sprayed material. Under the influence of the high temperature of the furnace volume, evaporation processes and the formation of the vapor phase of the fuel occur.

The air necessary for burning fuel is supplied through a nozzle 5 to the internal distribution cavity 12, from which it enters the combustion zone of liquid fuel of the furnace volume through slotted cylindrical air channels 2. The air entering the combustion zone is mixed with fuel vapor and burns in the furnace.

Information sources

1. A.I. Carabiner et al. Combustion of liquid fuels. - M.: Metallurgy, 1966. - S. 116, Fig. 31.

2. Adamov V.A. Burning fuel oil in boiler furnaces. - L .: Nedra, 1989 .-- S. 115-117, Fig. 4.33.

3. RU 2011428 C1, 04/30/1994, B05B 1/34.

4. A large encyclopedic dictionary. M., 1991, v. 2, p. 568.

Claims (1)

An electrostatic burner for burning liquid fuels in the furnaces of energy boilers, containing a hollow tube for supplying fuel and a nozzle, characterized in that it contains an electrostatic nozzle, the negative electrode of which is a system of metal spray nozzles, the output sections of which are located on concentric circles in the same plane as the outer surface of the positive electrode and separated from it by dielectric washers, as well as a system of cylindrical air slotted channels, distributed laid along concentric circles between the rows of spray nozzles, the diameters of the circular holes of the positive electrode being from 10 to 15 external diameters of the spray nozzles.

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