RU119171U1 - SIDE ANTENNA - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. On-board antenna, consisting of two active unbalanced vibrators, powered in antiphase by a power line, consisting of two pieces of coaxial cable and a tee, a passive vibrator located between two active unbalanced vibrators, characterized in that on one side of each active asymmetric vibrator is parallel it has a conductor, one end of which is electrically connected to a passive vibrator, and on the other side of each active asymmetric vibrator parallel to it p a conductor is laid, one end of which is electrically connected to an active asymmetric vibrator, and its second end is electrically connected to a power line, while both active asymmetric vibrators, a passive vibrator and conductors located on both sides of each active asymmetric vibrator are mounted on one side of the dielectric boards. ! 2. The on-board antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that on one side of each conductor, one end of which is electrically connected to an active asymmetric vibrator, and the second end is electrically connected to the power line, a conductor is installed parallel to this conductor, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the conductor, installed on the other side of each active asymmetric vibrator, which is electrically connected to a passive vibrator. ! 3. The on-board antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that between each active asymmetric vibrator and a conductor installed on one side of this vibrator parallel to it and one end of which is connected to a passive vibrator,

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of radio engineering, in particular to antennas of the meter wavelength range, and can be used to create airborne antennas for landing and navigation equipment installed on airplanes, helicopters, and other flying objects for various purposes.

It is known that for on-board antennas working with landing equipment (meter and decimeter wave ranges), and in a number of cases working with short-range navigation equipment, the best place for their placement is the bow of the object (airplane, helicopter, other flying object), and if there is a radar station (radar) nose nose fairing at the object, the space under the fairing or its surface. With this arrangement, an overview of the front hemisphere of the space around the object is confidently provided, and the onboard antenna is least susceptible to high-frequency signals from ground-based radio beacons reflected from the structure of the object (fuselage, wings) and leading to pilot error. This is especially important for the landing mode - one of the most critical stages of flight.

However, installing on-board antennas under the nose of the radar requires solving a number of issues related to both placing them in a limited space under the fairing and the interaction of these antennas and the radar antenna, which together with its installation mechanism occupies a significant amount of space under the fairing.

The influence of the radar antenna on the airborne antennas causes distortion of their radiation patterns (AF), polarization characteristics, deterioration of energy parameters. The installation of airborne antennas in the working area of the radar leads to distortion of information from this station. Therefore, the antenna designers are faced with the task of creating such on-board antennas that, when placed in a limited space under the nose fairing, would not interfere with the normal functioning of the radar and at the same time have the electrical parameters necessary to ensure the normal operation of the on-board landing and navigation equipment.

Reducing the influence from the side of the on-board antenna can be achieved by placing it outside the working area of the radar (outside the sector of the scanning angles of the radar antenna in the horizontal plane and in the vertical longitudinal plane), and in some cases by creating an on-board antenna, the design of which would be "transparent" for radar signals. Reducing the influence of the radar antenna can be achieved by the spatial separation of the airborne antenna and the radar antenna, as well as by creating a special scheme for constructing the airborne antenna. However, the limited space under the fairing not only does not allow any noticeable separation of these antennas, but also requires a significant reduction in the size of the on-board antenna in comparison with its resonant dimensions.

Known on-board antenna (L.1) equipment landing and navigation of the decimeter wave range (726 ÷ 1001 MHz), made according to the copyright certificate No. 212341 (L.2). The antenna consists of two active asymmetric vibrators of length cav / 4 installed on the end part of the cylindrical screen, and a passive vibrator between them (λcp is the average wavelength of the working frequency range). The power of active vibrators is antiphase, provided by the power line. The antenna is usually mounted on civilian aircraft (passenger and transport) that are equipped with a radar designed primarily to determine the weather conditions — the working area of such weather radars is determined by the scanning angles of the radar antenna beam: ± 90 ° in the horizontal plane and ± 25 ° in the vertical longitudinal plane relative to the direction of flight (NP). On an airplane, the antenna is located in the lower or upper part of the space under the fairing in front of the radar antenna, at the greatest possible distance from it, but so that it is outside the working area of the weather radar when scanning the antenna beam of this station in a vertical plane in the angle sector ± 25 ° from NP. Such an installation is possible only with sufficiently large dimensions of the radar fairing, that is, when its dimensions in the plane of installation of the radar antenna significantly exceed the size of the radar antenna itself. If the installation conditions under the cowl are such that the onboard antenna is in the working area of the weather radar, then the screen of the onboard antenna is made in the form of a grid “transparent” for the weather radar signals (L.3), and therefore the onboard antenna does not have a noticeable effect to the work of this station.

Technical solution for A.S. No. 2112341, was also used in the onboard antenna of the landing and navigation equipment for the meter wavelength range (108–188 MHz) on An-24, An-26, Il-62 and others (L.1). Active asymmetric vibrators and a passive vibrator are made in the form of strips of brass tape and are installed on the inner surface of the radar nose dielectric radome in its lower (upper) part. The out-of-phase power supply of active asymmetric vibrators is provided by a power line consisting of two pieces of coaxial cable and a tee. The longitudinal dimensions of the vibrators are at least 0.15 λsr (400 mm). Although with these sizes of vibrators, their end sections fall into the working area of the weather radar installed on these aircraft (i.e., into the sector of angles in the vertical longitudinal plane ± 25 ° relative to the NP), but they do not significantly affect the operation of these stations.

Special combat radars are installed on combat aircraft, in which:

- the size of the antenna is comparable with the dimensions of the fairing in the plane of installation of this antenna;

- the working area (beam angle of the radar antenna) in the vertical longitudinal plane is ± 70 ° relative to the NP;

- increased requirements for "transparency" of the working area. Placing any metal elements in the working area of such radars will lead to serious violations in the operation of these stations, which is unacceptable. Therefore, the above-considered onboard antennas of both the decimeter wavelength range and the meter wavelength range (MB), made according to A.S. No.212341, cannot be installed under one fairing with such radars.

Known on-board antenna equipment landing and navigation range MB (L.1), made by A. with. No. 367809 (L.4). The antenna consists of two planar Σ-shaped vibrators mounted on the side surfaces of the nose dielectric radome radar, that is, on both sides of the radar antenna. The longitudinal size of the vibrators of this on-board antenna is not less than λav / 4 (600 mm). Vibrator power supply is antiphase, provided by a power line consisting of two pieces of coaxial cable and a tee. Each antenna vibrator consists of pieces of metal wire with a diameter of 1.5 mm or of narrow metal strips forming “windows” for weather radar signals. Similar antennas are installed on many types of aircraft (Yak-42, Il-86, Il-96, Tu-204, Be-200 and others) equipped with weather radars. However, since the antenna vibrators (metal elements of the vibrators) are located in the working area of the radar (i.e., in the sector of angles in the horizontal plane ± 90 ° relative to the NP), the installation of these airborne antennas under the same nose fairing with special-purpose radar on military aircraft or other flying objects are also impossible.

Thus, the above advantages of installing on-board antennas for landing and navigation equipment under the nose dielectric radar can be realized only by reducing the size of the MB range airborne antennas, which will allow them to be installed outside the special-purpose radar located under the same radome. However, the reduction in the size of the on-board antennas compared to the resonant sizes leads, as is known, to a deterioration in their electrical parameters - to a violation of coordination with the feeder path in the required operating frequency band, to a decrease in the gain, which ultimately disrupts the normal functioning of the mated on-board equipment .

The main technical task of the proposed utility model is the creation of an onboard antenna of the MB range with small longitudinal dimensions, the electrical parameters of which correspond to the requirements. The creation of such an onboard antenna would make it possible to place it outside the working area of the radar and thereby not disrupt the operation of this station, as well as ensure the normal functioning of the interfaced landing and navigation equipment.

The closest technical solution - the prototype is the considered antenna range MB, made by A. with. No. 212341, the dimensions of which do not allow it to be installed outside the working area of the radar for various purposes.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the example of an antenna in strip design.

The technical task of the utility model is achieved by the fact that in an antenna consisting of two active asymmetrical vibrators, which are powered in antiphase and located on one side of the dielectric board, a passive vibrator installed between active asymmetric vibrators on the same side of the dielectric board, and a power line consisting of two pieces of coaxial cable and a tee, the central output of which is the antenna output, on both sides of each active asymmetric vibrator and steam Conductors are installed to it, while one ends of the conductors installed on one (inner) side of the active asymmetric vibrators are electrically connected to the passive vibrator, and one ends of the conductors installed on the other (external) side of the active asymmetric vibrators are electrically connected to these vibrators, the second ends of these conductors are electrically connected to the power line.

There are other options for implementing the proposed technical solution, which are listed below:

Parallel to the conductor installed on one side of the dielectric board, one end of which is electrically connected to an active asymmetric vibrator mounted on the same side of the dielectric board, and the second end is electrically connected to the power line, an additional conductor can be installed, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the conductor installed on the same side of the dielectric board, but on the other (inner) side of the active asymmetric vibrator that is electrically cally connected with passive vibrator mounted on the same side of the dielectric board.

A passive vibrator and a conductor mounted on one (inner) side of each active asymmetric vibrator parallel to it, and one end of which is electrically connected to a passive vibrator, can be located on the side of the dielectric board, the opposite to that on which the active asymmetric vibrators are located and parallel to them conductors, some ends of which are electrically connected to active asymmetric vibrators, and the second ends are electrically connected to the power line.

When a passive vibrator and conductors are located on the reverse side of the dielectric board and one end of which is electrically connected to the passive vibrator, these conductors can be installed parallel and symmetrical to the gap axis between active asymmetric vibrators located on the other side of the dielectric board and conductors parallel to them, whose ends are electrically connected to these vibrators, and the second ends are electrically connected to the power line, while the width of each conductor is located on the reverse side of the dielectric board and having one end electrically connected to the passive vibrator is equal to or greater than the width of the gap.

Between each of the two active asymmetric vibrators located on one side of the dielectric board and a parallel conductor located on the same side of the dielectric board, one end of which is electrically connected to the passive vibrator located on the same side of the dielectric board, a tuning element can be introduced .

Each of two identical tuning elements can be made in the form of a flat rectangular conductor located on one side of a rectangular dielectric base, which is installed on the other side of an active asymmetric vibrator and a conductor parallel to it, one end of which is electrically connected to a passive vibrator, while a flat rectangular the conductor on a dielectric base is parallel and symmetrical to the axis of the gap between the active asymmetric vibrator and the parallel th he conductor, one end of which is electrically connected with passive vibrator, and the width of the flat rectangular conductor on a dielectric base is equal to or greater than the width of the gap.

Each of two identical tuning elements, made in the form of a flat rectangular conductor located on one side of the dielectric base, this side of the base can be installed on the side of the dielectric board, the opposite of the one on which active asymmetric vibrators, parallel conductors and a passive vibrator are mounted, with this flat rectangular conductor on a dielectric base is installed parallel and symmetrical to the axis of the gap between the active and asymmetric vibrator and steam llelnym he conductor, one end of which is electrically connected with passive vibrator, and the width of the flat rectangular conductor on a dielectric base is equal to or greater than the width of the gap.

Each of two identical tuning elements, made in the form of a flat rectangular conductor located on one side of the dielectric base, the reverse side of this base can be installed on the side of the dielectric board, the opposite of the one on which active asymmetric vibrators, parallel conductors and a passive vibrator are mounted, the flat rectangular conductor on a dielectric base is installed parallel and symmetrical to the axis of the gap between the active asymmetric vibrato ohm conductor and parallel to it, one end of which is electrically connected with passive vibrator, and the width of the flat rectangular conductor on a dielectric base is equal to or greater than the width of the gap.

Each of two identical tuning elements can be made in the form of a segment of a coaxial cable, the central conductor of which is electrically connected to an active asymmetric vibrator, and the outer conductor is electrically connected to that end of a conductor parallel to an active asymmetric vibrator, which is electrically connected to a passive vibrator.

The given options for the implementation of the proposed technical solution are illustrated by graphical images of the on-board antenna in figure 1 ÷ 8.

Figure 1 shows an antenna consisting of two active asymmetrical vibrators 1, fed in antiphase by a power line 2, consisting of two pieces of coaxial cable and a tee, and a passive vibrator 3, located between two active asymmetrical vibrators 1, into which conductors 4 and 5, mounted on both sides of each active asymmetric vibrator 1 and parallel to it. Some ends of the conductors 4 are electrically connected to the passive vibrator 3. Some ends of the conductors 5 are electrically connected to the active asymmetric vibrators 1, and their second ends are electrically connected to the power line 2.

Figure 2 shows an antenna in which on one side of each conductor 5, one end of which is electrically connected to an active asymmetric vibrator 1, and the second end is electrically connected to a power line 2, an additional conductor 7 is installed, one end of which is electrically connected to that end a conductor 4, which is electrically connected to a passive vibrator 3.

Figure 3 and 4 - installation options for conductors 4 and a passive vibrator 3 on the reverse side of the dielectric board 6.

In Fig.5 ÷ 8 - embodiments and installation of the antenna tuning elements of Fig.1.

Figure 9 shows the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane of one of the above options for the antenna.

In the antenna of FIG. 1, an active asymmetric vibrator 1, a passive vibrator 3, and conductors 4 and 5 are located on one side of the dielectric board 6.

In the antenna of FIG. 2, conductors 7, one end of each of which is electrically connected to the end of conductor 4, are located on the same side of dielectric board 6 as active asymmetric vibrators 1, passive vibrator 3, and conductors 4, 5.

In the antenna of FIG. 3, the passive vibrator 3 and conductors 4 are located on the reverse side of the dielectric board 6, while their installation relative to the active asymmetric vibrator 1 and conductors 5 is the same as in the antenna of FIG.

In the antenna of FIG. 4, the passive vibrator 3 and the conductors 4 are also located on the reverse side of the dielectric board 6, but the conductors 4 are mounted parallel and symmetrical to the axis of the gap between the active asymmetric vibrator 1 and conductor 5.

In the antenna of FIG. 5, two identical tuning elements in the form of a flat rectangular conductor 8 on a dielectric base 9, the reverse side of this base are mounted on active asymmetric vibrators 1 and conductors 4.

In the antenna of FIG. 6, the same tuning elements are mounted on the reverse side of the dielectric board 6 with the side of the dielectric base 9 on which the flat rectangular conductor 8 is located.

In the antenna of FIG. 7, the same tuning elements with the back of the dielectric base 9 are mounted on the back side of the dielectric board 6. In the antenna of FIG. 8, one of the installation options for tuning elements made in the form of a piece of coaxial cable 10 is shown.

The antenna works as follows.

Conductors 4, electrically connected to a passive vibrator 3, form an oscillatory system equivalent to a single oscillatory circuit with a capacitive load formed by a distributed capacitance between each conductor 4 and each active asymmetric vibrator 1. Each conductor 5, electrically connected to each active asymmetric vibrator 1, also forms an oscillatory system equivalent to an oscillatory circuit with a capacitive load formed by the same distributed capacity. Three oscillatory circuits, interconnected by electromagnetic coupling, form a three-circuit oscillatory system that provides the required operating frequency band, in which the electrical parameters of the antenna (VSWR, gain, radiation pattern) meet the requirements, which is confirmed by experimental studies by the authors.

The given options for the implementation of the proposed technical solution, including using the settings, allow you to take into account the particular conditions of placement and installation of the on-board antenna at a specific object. The practical embodiment of the proposed utility model was the creation of an onboard antenna of the MB range for new types of flying objects.

Table 1 shows the main electrical parameters of one embodiment of the inventive antenna of the MB range, measured when it was installed on the layout of the nose compartment of the aircraft. In this antenna, active asymmetric vibrators and conductors installed on both sides of these vibrators are made of brass strips, the longitudinal dimension of which is 0.05 λ cf.

Table 1 No. p / p Options Measured values GOST R50860-96 one Range of working frequencies, MHz 108 ÷ 118 108 ÷ 118 2 VSWR, no more 3,5 5,0 3 Gain relative to a half-wave dipole (Ku), dB no less minus 6.0 minus 10.0 four Attenuation of the vertical component of field polarization (OVS), dB, not less 12.0 10.0

The unevenness of the antenna bottom in the horizontal plane in the sector of ± 90 ° relative to the NP is not more than 7 dB (Fig. 9), which corresponds to the required value - not more than 12 dB.

The results of measurements of the electrical parameters of the antenna, the longitudinal size of which is 0.05 λsr, fully comply with the requirements and ensure the normal functioning of the interfaced landing and navigation equipment of the MB range. The reduction in the longitudinal size of the antenna by almost three times in comparison with the prototype allows it to be placed under the nose cone outside the working area of the radar when scanning the antenna beam of this station in the sector of angles of ± 70 ° relative to the NP and thereby provides conditions for the normal functioning of radars for various purposes.

Literature.

1. M.A. Markelov, I.I. Tsifrinovich, B.G. Tsybaev, Yu.G. Shatrakov. Parameters of aircraft antennas and their measurements. Moscow "Engineering" 1984, pp. 29 ÷ 35, p. 47.

2. Copyright certificate No. 2112341, 12.13.1967, “Weakly directional antenna” by Yu.I. Buffalo-Kot, M.E. Chuprov, L.A. Serov, B. G. Tsybaev, I. A. Dogadkin, G. E. Plotkina, A.P. Osipov.

3. Yu.G. Shatrakov, M. I. Rivkin, B. G. Tsybaev Aircraft antenna systems. Moscow Engineering, 1979, p. 111.

4. Copyright certificate No. 367809, November 3, 1972 “Aircraft weakly directional antenna”

Yu.I. Buffalo-Cat, L. A. Serov, I. I. Tsifrinovich, S. A. Plotkin, R. B. Klishanis.

Claims (9)

1. On-board antenna, consisting of two active unbalanced vibrators, powered in antiphase by a power line, consisting of two pieces of coaxial cable and a tee, a passive vibrator located between two active asymmetrical vibrators, characterized in that on one side of each active asymmetric vibrator is parallel it has a conductor, one end of which is electrically connected to a passive vibrator, and on the other side of each active asymmetric vibrator parallel to it p a conductor is laid, one end of which is electrically connected to an active asymmetric vibrator, and its second end is electrically connected to a power line, while both active asymmetric vibrators, a passive vibrator and conductors located on both sides of each active asymmetric vibrator are mounted on one side of the dielectric boards. 2. The on-board antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that on one side of each conductor, one end of which is electrically connected to an active asymmetric vibrator, and the second end is electrically connected to the power line, a conductor is installed parallel to this conductor, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the conductor, installed on the other side of each active asymmetric vibrator, which is electrically connected to a passive vibrator. 3. The on-board antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that a tuning element is introduced between each active asymmetric vibrator and a conductor installed on one side of this vibrator parallel to it and one end of which is connected to the passive vibrator. 4. The on-board antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that each of two identical tuning elements is made in the form of a flat rectangular conductor located on one side of a rectangular dielectric base, which is installed on the other side of an active asymmetric vibrator and a conductor parallel to it, one end which is connected to a passive vibrator, while a flat rectangular conductor on a dielectric base is parallel and symmetrical to the axis of the gap between each active asymmetric m a vibrator and a conductor parallel to it, one end of which is connected to a passive vibrator, and the width of a flat rectangular conductor on a dielectric base is equal to or greater than the width of this gap. 5. The on-board antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that each of two identical tuning elements made in the form of a flat rectangular conductor located on one side of a rectangular dielectric base, this side of the base is installed on the side of the dielectric board, the opposite of the one on which are installed active asymmetric vibrators, parallel conductors and a passive vibrator, with a flat rectangular conductor on a dielectric base mounted on the back of the dielectric tion board is arranged parallel and symmetric axis of the gap between each active monopole antenna parallel to it and a conductor connected to the passive vibrator, and the width of the flat rectangular conductor on a dielectric base is equal to or greater than the width of the gap. 6. The on-board antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that each of two identical tuning elements, made in the form of a flat rectangular conductor located on one side of a rectangular dielectric base, is installed with the reverse side of this base on the side of the dielectric board opposite to that on which active asymmetric vibrators, parallel conductors and a passive vibrator are installed, with a flat rectangular conductor on a dielectric base mounted on the back of of the electric board, is parallel and symmetrical to the axis of the gap between each active asymmetric vibrator and a parallel conductor connected to the passive vibrator, and the width of the flat rectangular conductor is less than, equal to or greater than the width of this gap. 7. The on-board antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that each of two identical tuning elements is made in the form of a segment of a coaxial cable, while the central conductor from one end of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to an active asymmetric vibrator, and the outer conductor of the same end of the coaxial cable electrically connected to that end of the conductor parallel to the active asymmetric vibrator, which is electrically connected to a passive vibrator. 8. On-board antenna, consisting of two active unbalanced vibrators, powered in antiphase by a power line, consisting of two pieces of coaxial cable and a tee, a passive vibrator located between them, characterized in that on one side of each active asymmetric vibrator there is a conductor parallel to it one end of which is electrically connected to an active asymmetric vibrator, and its second end is electrically connected to a power line, both active asymmetric vibrators and monitors located on one side of each active asymmetric vibrator are mounted on one side of the dielectric board, and on the other side of each active asymmetric vibrator and parallel to it is a conductor, one end of which is electrically connected to a passive vibrator, while the passive vibrator and connected to conductors are installed on the back of the dielectric board. 9. The on-board antenna of claim 8, wherein each conductor located on the reverse side of the dielectric board, one end of which is electrically connected to a passive vibrator, is mounted parallel and symmetrical to the axis of the gap between the active asymmetric vibrator located on the other side of the dielectric board and parallel him a conductor, one end of which is electrically connected to this vibrator, and the other end is electrically connected to the power line, while the width of each conductor located on the ar The other side of the dielectric board and electrically connected to the passive vibrator is equal to or greater than the width of this gap.