CN103700932B - A kind of miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna - Google Patents
A kind of miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN103700932B CN103700932B CN201310741522.2A CN201310741522A CN103700932B CN 103700932 B CN103700932 B CN 103700932B CN 201310741522 A CN201310741522 A CN 201310741522A CN 103700932 B CN103700932 B CN 103700932B
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Abstract
A kind of miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna, comprises and folds the metal forming of establishing by symmetrical centre successively from top to bottom; Slot out on metal foil slot antenna element, slot antenna element connects two T-shaped co-planar waveguides by a gap annulus and forms and be positioned at metal forming symmetrical centre, and described gap annulus girth is λ
e/ 10, slot antenna element is penetrating viewed from the top and bottom of metal forming; Metal forming is covered on microwave ceramics medium plate surface; Metal forming symmetrical centre place loads feed probes; Become around feed probes to arrange on the direction of 45 degree, the periodic arrangement mode that line space is equal loads the grounding probe of 4 same radius.Bandwidth of operation of the present invention can cover between 118 – 136MHz, and be a kind ofly be easy to processing, volume is little, be convenient to integrated VHF aerial, demand that is civilian, military aviation VHF aerial can be met, particularly in military affairs, pursue streamlined with the demand reaching Stealth to meet airframe.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna, is more particularly that a kind of volume is little, and structure is simply easy to processing, and gain is better than 3dB, and bandwidth can be operated in a kind of monopole type omni-directional antenna between 118 – 136MHz.
Background technology
Monopole antenna, English name: MonopoleAntenna is a kind of perpendicular polarization of classics, omnidirectional antenna, it is made up of quarter-wave metal tube and metal ground plane, and its band is roomy, and the advantages such as good perpendicular polarization characteristic are widely used as in aviation VHF communication antenna.
According to document " modern antenna design ", so far have a variety of method realizing monopole antenna miniaturization, common method has following several: (1) adopts top loading technique, such as: inverted-L antenna, and paster top loading etc.; (2) discone antenna, can be described as the one distortion of monopole antenna, change a rosette into by quarter-wave monopole metal arm, thus reduce monopole antenna height, ground plane becomes cone, and coaxial transmission line feed is in rosette center; (3) adopt inductance to load, it is the wire coil loading spiral in monopole antenna middle-end that inductance loads, and produces new frequency thus realize monopole antenna miniaturization in low-frequency range; (4) adopt artificial periodic electromagnetism bandgap structure, electromagnetic bandgap structure is a kind of periodically man-made structures, has band gap properties.When electromagnetic wave is propagated wherein, namely within the scope of specific bandgap frequency, electromagnetic wave can not be propagated in the structure shown here.Electromagnetic bandgap structure has very strong effect of dispersion near bandgap frequency, and operation wavelength significantly reduces, and this characteristic is often used to the Miniaturization Design of microwave antenna.Electromagnetic bandgap structure has a variety of, and mostly the structure being generally used for microwave antenna is high impedance surface type, and this structure can replace common metal ground plane and monopole antenna forms novel monopole antenna type.
Top loading technique can reduce monopole antenna height effectively, but shortcoming causes high q-factor, and bandwidth narrows; Discone antenna and inductance loading technique, can spreading antenna bandwidth, but for reducing height limited in one's ability of monopole antenna, usual this type antenna impedance bandwidth will suppose to figure bandwidth well a lot in addition; Periodically the loading technique of artificial electromagnetic structure is popular academic research recent years, but good effect of dispersion could be there is in the quantity of periodic unit in this structural limitation, only be published in millimere-wave band at present, need further to improve in the application of centimeter wave and metric wave.
At present in order to mostly the technological approaches realizing monopole antenna miniaturization is top loading technique, namely at monopole top loaded cable, electric capacity or composite type components and parts, produce new resonance frequency in low-frequency range thus reduce antenna size, this method not only can grow many resonance frequencys around operating frequency of antenna, and the loading of components and parts can reduce the performance of antenna, antenna miniaturization cannot be met simultaneously, bandwidth, many-sided demand between gain, and top loads monopole antenna under impact shock requires high occasion, the reliability of antenna can be made greatly to reduce.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a kind of volume little, bandwidth is enough wide, and a kind of monopole type that can work in VHF band can conformal antenna, can serve the application of aviation VHF aerial.
The technology of the present invention solution: a kind of miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna, is characterized in that: comprise and fold the metal forming (1) of establishing by symmetrical centre successively from top to bottom; Described metal forming (1) is slotted out slot antenna element (2), described slot antenna element (2) connects two T-shaped co-planar waveguides by a gap annulus and forms and be positioned at metal forming (1) symmetrical centre, and described gap annulus girth is λ
e/ 10, described slot antenna element (2) is penetrating viewed from the top and bottom of metal forming (1); Described metal forming (1) is attached to microwave ceramics medium plate (3) surface; Feed probes (4) is loaded in described metal forming (1) symmetrical centre; Become around described feed probes to arrange on the direction of 45 degree, the periodic arrangement mode that line space is equal loads the grounding probe (5) of 4 same radius, described grounding probe some be exposed in air layer (6).Metal ground plane (7) respectively below described air layer (6), PTFE medium plate (8), and be printed on the micro belt impedance converter (9) on PTFE medium plate.
Described miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna, is characterized in that: described microwave ceramics medium plate (3) dielectric constant is 9.8, and loss tangent is 0.002, and size is 0.6 λ
ex0.6 λ
e, thickness is 0.8mm, λ
erepresent the wavelength X of ripple in microwave ceramics medium plate
e=1/(ε
r^-0.5).
Described miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna, it is characterized in that: described micro belt impedance converter one end connects the end of feed probes (4), at the other end of described micro belt impedance converter (9), connect radio frequency connector sub-miniature A connector (10), feed probes radius is 0.5mm.
Described miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna, is characterized in that: described grounding probe is connected to metal forming (1) on described substrate surface and metal ground plane (5), and radius is 1mm.
Described miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna, is characterized in that: all metal formings (1) are Copper Foil or silver foil, and Copper Foil needs to do anti-oxidant treatment.
Principle of the present invention: by furtheing investigate as shown in Figure 1 conventional roundabout slot antenna band reflector, if picture monopole antenna is only to half space radiation, need to add upper reflector at the back side of annular slot, adjust its size and the degree of depth can reach good coupling and radiation effect, and position short circuit suitable on annular slot can change polarization characteristic.When a kind of annular slot radiating element, this slot element descends two sides penetrating on the metal layer, feed probes is loaded in this circle ring center, during annular slot width w< λ/10, suppose a certain field point of Annular-slot microstrip antenna upper half-space P point as far-field pattern, its lobe radius is r, and namely the radius of initial point to P point of coordinate system is put at annular slot center, now only has E in visual annular slot
ρcomponent, according to equivalent theory, on annular slot, equivalent magnetic current only has
component, so the radiation field expression formula of annular slot center loaded probe is: when
then
In formula, E
0actinal surface electric field, J
nbe current density, n is perpendicular to the unit vector of actinal surface, and k is the constant of unit vector, and a is internal radius, and w is annular slot width, and θ is the angle of pitch,
it is horizontal direction azimuth.Through type (1) and formula (2) can obtain far field normalization antenna pattern, and its directional diagram calculated is identical with monopole antenna radiation characteristic, and is better than aviation omni-directional antenna acceptable value in horizontal plane gain.The resonance frequency f of Annular-slot microstrip antenna
0can calculate by following formula (3):
f
0=cδ/2π(a+b)(3)
In formula, c is the light velocity, and a is annulus inside radius, and b is annulus outer radius, and δ is modifying factor, and its concrete numerical value is relevant with thickness with the dielectric constant of dielectric-slab.Now antenna produces resonance, and the height of annulus distance reflector is about greater than λ/6.In order to realize the application of VHF band, the inside radius of Annular-slot microstrip antenna needs enough large, and namely antenna lateral dimension will increase, thus obtains the resonance size of VHF band.
The positive effect that the present invention has:
(1) miniaturized: VHF aerial is by the restriction of its wavelength, and more difficult realization is miniaturized.The present invention can at very high frequency band, and by original quarter-wave monopole antenna reduced height to more than 10 times, and after reduced height, the electric property of antenna does not reduce.This low section type structure can be arranged on airframe top and bottom, and can reach conformal effect with aircraft fuselage skin.In addition, the installation site of this simple antenna structure and more options also can solve tediously long radio frequency cable routing problem.
(2) impedance bandwidth: antenna miniaturization can make the total quality factor of antenna become large, thus causes the impedance bandwidth of antenna to narrow, while the present invention solves miniaturization, what annex impedance bandwidth arrival more than 20% when realizing standing-wave ratio≤2:1 can bandwidth of operation.
(3) deviation in roundness: maximum gain of the present invention appears on direction, 42 °, the elevation angle, now horizontal plane radiation deviation in roundness <1.5dB; On direction, 0 °, the elevation angle, the deviation in roundness <2dB namely on antenna horizontal plane.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Annular-slot microstrip antenna band reflector schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is schematic cross-section of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is schematic front view of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is feed probes and the grounding probe structure chart of inventive antenna;
Fig. 5 is inventive antenna micro belt impedance converter structure chart;
Fig. 6 is inventive antenna reflection parameters S11(dB) result;
Fig. 7 is the two-dimensional directional figure of inventive antenna in E face, and frequency is at 127MHz.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Annular-slot microstrip antenna, comprise metal forming, the annular slot that metal forming etches, dielectric layer, and metal ground plane, can realize perpendicular polarization in the short circuit of Annular-slot microstrip antenna center, the resonance frequency of this antenna depends on the radius of gap annulus, and the thickness of the dielectric layer of Annular-slot microstrip antenna is then depended in impedance matching.In figure, symbol represents that implication is a certain field point of P point as far-field pattern, and its lobe radius is r, and namely the radius of initial point to P point of coordinate system is put at annular slot center, and a is annulus inside radius, and b is annulus outer radius, and w is annular slot width, and θ is the angle of pitch,
be azimuth, level side, ρ is P point at coordinate parameter corresponding to horizontal plane.
As shown in Fig. 2,3,4,5, the invention provides a metal forming 1, described metal forming 1 etches slot antenna radiating element 2, and this gap radiation unit covers on one deck microwave ceramics medium plate 3, and ceramic dielectric plate adopts the RogersTMM10i dielectric-slab of ROGERS CORPORATION to be of a size of 0.6 λ
ex0.6 λ
e.
Slot antenna element is made up of a gap annulus and two T-shaped co-planar waveguides, and described gap annulus girth is λ
e/ 10, the effect first of T-shaped co-planar waveguide is in order to extend the length of gap annulus, the length of gap annulus is made to reach half-wavelength resonance length, in the present invention, the length of prolongation is exceeded half-wavelength resonance length (resonance frequency 127MHz), another effect of T-shaped co-planar waveguide is, longitudinal co-planar waveguide can produce an equivalent TEM transverse magnetic mode, can provide a new excitation for the co-planar waveguide of transverse direction, the resonance frequency that horizontal co-planar waveguide produces will be slightly less than 127MHz.
Feed probes 4 is loaded, for realizing perpendicular polarization characteristic in described gap radiation unit symmetrical centre.
Row, 4 grounding probes 5 that the periodic arrangement mode that line space is equal loads, the sub-fraction of tips of probes is through in the microwave ceramics medium plate covering slot antenna element 3, mid portion is exposed in air layer 6, the sub-fraction of bottom is through in PTFE medium plate below metal ground plane 78, grounding probe 5 load(ing) point is positioned on 45 degree of directions centered by antenna origin, between horizontal co-planar waveguide end and gap annulus, when described gap resonance length exceedes half-wavelength resonance length, the now impedance of slot antenna is capacitive, the inductance value of grounding probe 5 can cancel the capacitive reactances of slot antenna, reach matching effect, in addition, when antenna produces resonance, be exposed to the electric current of grounding probe 5 surface current homophase in feed probes 4 in air layer 6, improve slot antenna 2 radiation characteristic.PTFE medium plate 8 prints quarter-wave micro belt impedance converter 9 and connect described feed probes 4 end, feed probes 4 is positioned at slot antenna 2 symmetrical centre, impedance transformer is made up of the transmission line of one section of 50 Ω transmission line and another segment length to be quarter-wave impedance be 70.7 Ω, and object is the input impedance providing 100 Ω to slot antenna.
Microwave ceramics medium plate 3 and PTFE medium plate 8 four angles cut into arc shape, guarantee that slot antenna 2 radiation deviation in roundness in the horizontal direction has less value.
In embodiments of the present invention, all metal formings can be Copper Foil or silver foil, and Copper Foil needs to do anti-oxidant treatment.
In embodiments of the present invention, the substrate selection with high-order electric constant is the RogersTMM10i of ROGERS CORPORATION, dielectric constant is 9.8, loss tangent is 0.002, what the dielectric-slab adhering to micro belt impedance converter was selected is PTFE medium plate, dielectric constant is 2.1, and loss tangent is 0.0004.
In figure 6, what horizontal coordinate represented is frequency, and what along slope coordinate represented is return loss value; In Fig. 7 two-dimensional radiation directional diagram, what along slope coordinate represented is aerial radiation yield value, and what angle represented is pitching angle theta.As shown in Figure 6,7, show the simulation result of return loss of the present invention and gain, when return loss is 10dB, i.e. antenna impedance bandwidth 28MHz, i.e. 109MHz to 137MHz during standing-wave ratio≤2:1; When 127MHz, maximum gain 3.57dB appears on direction, 42 °, the elevation angle, antenna horizontal plane maximum gain (i.e. pitching angle theta=90 °) >-3dB.
In a word, bandwidth of operation of the present invention can cover between 118 – 136MHz, and be a kind ofly be easy to processing, volume is little, be convenient to integrated VHF aerial, meets demand that is civilian, military aviation VHF aerial, particularly military fuselage of boarding a plane is pursued streamlined with the demand reaching Stealth.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the invention of this antenna is described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of it is restrictive; those skilled in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; the distortion of slot antenna configurations can be made when not departing from the scope that the claims in the present invention are protected; but our gap little ring connecting T-shaped coplanar waveguide antenna structure; periodic short circuit probe distribution, these all belong within protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna, is characterized in that: comprise metal forming (1); Described metal forming (1) to be slotted out slot antenna element (2), described slot antenna element (2) connects two T-shaped co-planar waveguides by a gap annulus and forms and be positioned at metal forming (1) symmetrical centre, and described gap annulus girth is λ
e/ 10, λ
erepresent the wavelength of ripple in microwave ceramics medium plate; Described slot antenna element (2) is penetrating viewed from the top and bottom of metal forming (1); Described metal forming (1) is covered on microwave ceramics medium plate (3) surface; Feed probes (4) is loaded at described metal forming (1) symmetrical centre place; Around described feed probes, become the grounding probe (5) direction of 45 degree loading 4 same radius in the periodic arrangement mode that column and row spacing is equal, described grounding probe (5) some be exposed in air layer (6); Metal ground plane (7) respectively below described air layer (6), PTFE medium plate (8), and be printed on the micro belt impedance converter (9) on PTFE medium plate.
2. miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described microwave ceramics medium plate (3) dielectric constant is 9.8, and loss tangent is 0.002, and size is 0.6 λ
ex0.6 λ
e, thickness is 0.8mm, λ
erepresent the wavelength of ripple in microwave ceramics medium plate.
3. miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described micro belt impedance converter one end connects the end of feed probes (4), at the other end of described micro belt impedance converter (9), connect radio frequency connector sub-miniature A connector (10), feed probes radius is 0.5mm.
4. miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the radius of described grounding probe (5) is 1mm.
5. miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that: all metal formings (1) are Copper Foil or silver foil, and Copper Foil needs to do anti-oxidant treatment.
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| CN201310741522.2A CN103700932B (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | A kind of miniaturized very high frequency(VHF) monopole type antenna |
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| CN103700932B true CN103700932B (en) | 2016-03-02 |
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| CN105470629A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-06 | 南京濠暻通讯科技有限公司 | Wearable annular dual-frequency button antenna |
| KR102501935B1 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2023-02-21 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | Antenna device and electronic device comprising the same |
| KR20180096280A (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2018-08-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Antenna apparatus and electronic device including the same |
| CN107275762A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-10-20 | 广东顺德中山大学卡内基梅隆大学国际联合研究院 | A kind of micro-strip antenna array based on short-circuit needle construction |
| CN109149079A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2019-01-04 | 广州中海达定位技术有限公司 | Ultra-wideband monopole antenna |
| CN108494430B (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2020-10-09 | 北京理工雷科雷达技术研究院有限公司 | Miniaturized millimeter wave radio frequency front end |
| CN108649334A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-12 | 南京邮电大学 | dual-band dual-polarized wearable relay antenna |
| CN109786931B (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-08-25 | 电子科技大学 | Compact broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna |
| CN112002997A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-11-27 | 中山大学 | Compact three-unit dual-polarization multi-input multi-output antenna applied to 5G |
| CN113964513B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2024-01-26 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Wireless communication microwave antenna and forming method thereof |
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| FR2831734A1 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-05-02 | Thomson Licensing Sa | DEVICE FOR RECEIVING AND / OR TRANSMITTING RADIATION DIVERSITY ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS |
| CN201682058U (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-12-22 | 烟台宏益微波科技有限公司 | Dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna |
| CN103326121B (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2016-01-20 | 中科院杭州射频识别技术研发中心 | A kind of phase center agonic circular polarization satellite communication microstrip antenna |
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