RU117438U1 - DEVICE FOR LEACHING USEFUL COMPONENTS FROM SOLID MATERIAL TO SOLVENT - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for leaching useful components from a solid material with a solvent containing a column with fail-type trays, the upper part of which has an overflow threshold surrounded by a chamber with pipes for feeding solid material into the column and draining the solution obtained during leaching, and the lower part with pipes for feeding the solvent and unloading of undissolved solid material is communicated with a pulsation chamber connected to a source of pulsations, characterized in that the trays are collected in packs, in which adjacent trays are spaced by cylindrical shells, and the packs are installed in a column with an annular gap, closed by a partition in the upper part of the pack. ! 2. A device for leaching useful components from a solid material with a solvent according to claim 1, characterized in that the trays in the package are fastened to each other and to the partition by means of fasteners, for example studs and nuts. ! 3. A device for leaching useful components from a solid material with a solvent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the column is equipped with additional process pipes located at the level of the tray packs, and fittings located between the tray packs.

Description

The utility model relates to apparatus for carrying out processes of interaction between a liquid and solid particles, namely, for leaching soluble components from a solid material particles using a liquid solvent. The device can be used for processing raw materials and waste from enterprises of hydrometallurgical, mining and processing industries and in the chemical industry to extract target components.

The leaching process, which provides for the selective dissolution of one or several components mainly with an acidic or alkaline solvent, is carried out in a column (tubular) apparatus, which is filled from above with the original solid bulk material, and the solvent is supplied from below into the column under pressure and under the influence of pulsations of various intensities, which ensures her pulsating fluid flow. By creating variable speeds of movement of the solvent around the particles of the solid material, leaching of the target components is intensified.

It should be noted that the production in question is characterized by large volumes of interacting media and is carried out in equipment of large unit capacity, having a diameter of up to three meters and a height of several tens of meters, and as a result requiring significant capital, energy and operating costs. In order to minimize the size of the equipment and the costs of implementing the leaching process in it, we will analyze devices known from the prior art that are similar in technical essence to the claimed one.

A device is known for providing intensive contact in countercurrent particles of a solid substance and a small amount of liquid (French application No. 2630024, IPC B01J 8/16, 20.10.89).

The device comprises a column, the upper part of which is equipped with an overflow threshold covered by a chamber with a nozzle for supplying solid material to the column and a drain discharge nozzle obtained as a result of contact between particles of solid material and liquid, a pulsation chamber with a nozzle communicating its upper part with a source of pulsations and with a solvent supply pipe, wherein the solvent supply pipe is installed in the upper part of the pulsation chamber, and the bottom of the pulsation chamber is communicated with a pipe with the lower part of the columns .

In this device, everything is provided for the implementation of a continuous process of selective dissolution of one, and often several components of a solid material with a solvent. The pulsation chamber and the column connected to it are filled with a solvent pipe specially provided in the pulsation chamber to the level of overflow in the column, after which the solvent is continued to be supplied at a constant flow rate, and the calculated amount of solid material is continuously loaded from above into the column. The supply of compressed air (pressure pulse) from the pulsation source through the nozzle in the upper part of the pulsation chamber affects the column of liquid in it, as a result of which the liquid level decreases, it is forced out of the pulsation chamber into the column and removed from it through the overflow threshold. During subsequent blowing of air from the pulsation chamber, the solvent level in it rises due to the flow of liquid from the column into the pulsation chamber under the influence of the difference of the hydrostatic columns in the column and the pulsation chamber.

The multidirectional movement of the liquid (up and down) in the column from the influence of pulsations is superimposed on the constant flow of solvent through the apparatus. As a result of this, the solvent passes through a layer of solid material with a variable (increasing with impulse and decreasing with air blowing from the pulsation chamber) speed, which intensifies the leaching of the target components.

The solution obtained by leaching is poured out of the column through the overflow threshold into the chamber enclosing it and then through the nozzle in the bottom of the latter is removed from the column. Solid material, as it leaches, moves down the column, from where it is discharged through the discharge pipe provided here.

The device according to the application of France can be successfully used for leaching from the source material of the instant soluble target component. In this case, the particles of solid material loaded into the apparatus can be large enough, which does not significantly affect the speed and degree of leaching. Weighing and entrainment of such particles from the apparatus with the solution can occur only at significant upward flow rates of the solvent, and the height of the column in this case is determined only by the volumetric capacity of the solid material.

A different approach to the selection of equipment should be when using the source of solid raw materials containing a sparingly soluble target component. In this case, in order to accelerate and increase the completeness of the leaching process, solid particles should be crushed to the smallest possible size in order to provide easy solvent access to the target component. Such particles are easily weighed to a considerable height even at a low upward flow rate of the solvent. Therefore, to prevent the entrainment of particles from the column with the solution, an increase in its height is required. Moreover, due to the increased free space between the individual particles, there is the possibility of their free movement in the entire column volume, which results in a decrease in the driving force of mass transfer as a result of “harmful” mixing of the beginning of the process with its end and a corresponding decrease in the column productivity.

This disadvantage is deprived of a device for leaching useful components from solid material with an aggressive solvent according to RF patent No. 2340686, IPC G01N 8/16, 8/42, C22B 3/02, publ. 2008, adopted as a prototype.

The prototype device contains a column, the upper part of which is equipped with an overflow threshold covered by a chamber with a pipe for supplying solid material to the column, and a pipe for draining the solution obtained by leaching. The pulsation chamber with a solvent supply pipe installed in its lower part is made with an expanded section located above the overflow threshold. The bottom of the pulsation chamber is communicated with the bottom of the column by a pipe located at an angle of 30-60 ° to the horizontal, and the top is communicated with the source of the pulsations. In addition, in accordance with paragraph 2 of the claims of the prototype, the column is equipped with transverse plates of a failure type, preventing the entrainment of small particles by an upward flow of liquid. Trays limit the movement of solid particles and liquid flows along the height of the column between the inter-gap intervals, without interfering with their sequential flow from the gap to the gap through the transfer holes in the plates.

But the prototype device is not without drawbacks, due primarily to the size of these devices. Cases of columns, the diameter of which reaches three meters, are usually made from cylindrical shells by rolling sheet blanks. The manufacture of shells of such a large diameter can give an ellipse — an excess of the size of the major axis over the smaller axis — up to three percent, i.e. about 90 mm in diameter or 45 mm in radius. The outer diameter of the plate inserted into the shell is obtained by machining (on the carousel), and its edge is a geometric circle. Therefore, the diameter of the plates is guaranteed not to exceed the smaller diameter of the ellipse shell. As a result, an annular gap is formed between the outer edge of the plate and the inner diameter of the column, the area of which can be up to 6% of the area of the plate. If we take into account that the total “free cross-section” of the plates — the sum of the areas of all transfer openings — is 15–20% of the area of the plate, then the annular gap of 6% of the area of the plate is a significant amount that violates the uniform distribution of the oncoming flows of liquid and solid material over the column section .

The gaps between the column body and the edges of the plates form a through gap along the entire height of the column, which determines the predominant flow of media through it, not only because of its significant area, but also due to the hydrodynamic features of a more free movement of moving media along vertical walls - manifestations of a “wall” effect .

In addition, when leaching is accompanied by a thermal effect (endothermic or exothermic), the height of the column and the distribution of the cooling or heating the reaction mixture in the liquid stream column over its cross section are required. This operation is not feasible in the prototype device.

The above disadvantages deprived of the claimed utility model.

The inventive device for leaching useful components with a solvent, like the prototype, contains a column with plates of a failure type, the upper part of which has an overflow threshold covered by a chamber with nozzles for supplying solid material to the column and draining the solution obtained by leaching, and the lower part with solvent nozzles and discharging undissolved solid material is in communication with a pulsation chamber connected to a pulsation source.

The claimed device differs from the prototype in that the plates are assembled in packages in which adjacent plates are spaced by annular shells, the packages are fixed in the column body with an annular gap covered by a partition at the top of the package. In addition, in each package, plates and spacing shells can be fastened together and with a partition made at the same time as the column body, overlapping the annular gap from above, using fasteners, for example, studs with nuts. The inventive device can be equipped with additional nozzles for process media located at the level of the packages of plates with the possibility of output media in the annular gap, and fittings for instrument sensors placed at the level between the packages.

On the drawings attached to the application, embodiments of the claimed technical solution are presented. The figure 1 shows a General view of the device for leaching, and in figures 2 and 3 - embodiments of packages of plates and their fastening in the casing of the column.

The device for leaching useful components with a solvent contains a vertical column 1 made of shells 2. The column height can reach several tens of meters and a diameter of 1.5-3.0 m. Shells 2 can be all of the same diameter (figure 2) or of different diameters (figure 3). In the reaction part, the column 1 is equipped with transverse plates 3 of a failure type, the distances between which are provided by the length (height) of the continuous cylindrical spacing shells 4 located between them.

The upper part of the column 1 is equipped with an overflow threshold 5 covered by a chamber 6 with a pipe 7 for supplying solid material to the column 1 and a pipe 8 for draining the solution obtained by leaching. In the lower part of the bottom of the column 1 there is a pipe 9 for emptying it. Parallel to the column 1, an external pulsation chamber 10 with a nozzle 11 for supplying solvent is installed. The lower part of the pulsation chamber 10 is connected by a pipe 12 with the lower part of the column 1, like communicating vessels. The upper part of the pulsation chamber 10 is communicated by a pipe 13 with a pulsation source.

Plates 3 are collected in packages 14. Each package 14 may contain from two to five to six plates. To fix each package 14 on the inner surface of the column is provided with an annular partition 15 (see figure 2), while in the package plates 3 can be fastened together by fastening pins 16 with nuts. A package of 14 plates 3 with spacer shells 4 is installed with an annular gap 17 to the inner surface of the casing 1, and the annular partition 15 is located in each package 14 from above, overlapping the annular gap 17 from above. There are no spacing shells between packages 14.

Figure 3 presents the second variant of securing the packages of 14 plates 3 in the column 1. In this case, the column 1 is made of two sizes of shells, high and low, fastened alternately between the flanges. In this case, the short shell plays the role of a partition 15, overlapping on top of the annular gap 17 in each package 14, as well as the upper spacing shell. To do this, it is performed with an inner diameter and height as that of a spacer shell and is fixed in a plate package with fasteners 16, thereby securing the package to the column body.

The leaching device is equipped with additional nozzles 18 for supplying process media to the inter-gap gaps 17, as well as fittings 19 for instrument sensors. The fitting 19 is placed in between the packages of 14 plates 3.

A device for leaching works as follows.

First, a solvent is supplied through the nozzle 11, filling the column 1 to the overflow threshold 5. To the same level, the solvent rises in the pulsation chamber 10, as in communicating vessels. Further, without stopping the flow of fluid into the column 1, compressed air is supplied to the pulsation chamber 10 through the pipe 13 in a pulsed manner using a special device, for example, a pulsator (not shown in FIG. 1). By means of a pulsator, portions of compressed air are either supplied to the pulsation chamber 10 with a certain frequency or blown out of it into the atmosphere.

When a portion of compressed air is supplied to the pulsation chamber 10 under the influence of its pressure, part of the liquid from it is poured (forced out) into the column 1, providing an increase in the velocity of the ascending liquid flow during the pulse, since the transfused liquid is added to the solvent stream continuously supplied through the pipe 11. The liquid level in the pulsation chamber 10 decreases, and the part of the solvent transferred to the column 1 is poured over the overflow threshold 5 and then removed from the chamber 6 through the nozzle 8. Then, the supplied portion of the air from the pulsation chamber 10 through the nozzle 13 and the pulsator is blown into the atmosphere, reducing in the pulsation chamber 10, the pressure above the solvent to atmospheric. Under the action of the difference of the hydraulic columns in the column 1 and in the pulsation chamber 10, the level of the solution in the latter rises. As a rule, the pulse of air supply to the pulsation chamber 10 is shorter than the time of discharge of the fed portion into the atmosphere from it. This is provided by the pulsator and is due to the fact that the driving force (pressure of the air supplied through the pulsator) can have almost any given value, while when the air is discharged, the driving force - the difference in hydraulic resistance - is usually small.

Immediately after the start of the pulsations, a solid material crushed to a certain size is supplied to the column 1 with a constant predetermined flow rate (usually by means of a feeder, not shown in Fig. 1) through a pipe 7. When it enters the solvent, the process of leaching valuable components from the particles begins. As a result of this process, a solution is formed in column 1 that contains valuable components and is removed from column 1 through an overflow threshold 5, and solid particles, losing in contact with the solvent an increasing amount of valuable components, quickly sink to the bottom of column 10, gradually filling up the reaction bottom the space equipped with plates 3. Upon reaching the layer of particles at the level of column 1, from which they start to pass through the overflow threshold 5, the solid material is unloaded from the column 10 through the pipe 9. From this moment, the process leaching is considered steady. It can continue as long as you like without any additional impact on its course.

In this case, the countercurrent movement of the interacting phases through the plates 3 occurs only through the through holes (dips) evenly distributed on the surface of the plates 3. The annular gaps 17 do not affect the uniform distribution of the media, since they, regardless of size, do not have a through passage along the packets 14, blocked from above by an annular partition 15. The pulsating mixing of the media, achieved in conjunction with the installation of transverse plates 3 with transfer windows in the reaction part of column 1, ensures continuous nt intensive leaching process.

Sometimes the leaching process is accompanied by a thermal effect: exothermic - with the release of heat (while the interacting medium in the column is heated, often to an unacceptably high temperature) or endothermic - with heat absorption (the temperature of the medium decreases, drastically slowing down the leaching process). In both cases, it is necessary to control the temperature of the interacting materials, which is easiest to technologically accomplish by mixing, respectively, a hot or cold liquid solution into the mixture in the column 1 from the outside. To do this, in the column 1 in height, nozzles 18 are provided for introducing the corresponding liquid solution and a nozzle 19 for installing sensors of devices that control the temperature, composition and other technological parameters of the mixture in the column 1.

Obviously, it is the gap 17 that is the best distributor of the temperature-regulating solution flow to the reaction mixture in column 1. The solution enters the mixture through the open lower end of the gap 17 along its entire annular length. The distribution of the feed solution can be improved if the pipe 18 is cut into the column housing 1 tangentially to its surface in a horizontal plane. On the contrary, it is necessary to insert the connector 19 for the sensors into the main stream of the reacting mixture in the column 1, which is structurally easier to perform between the adjacent packages of 14 plates 3, where there are no annular distance shells 4 and there is no need to seal the union 19 at the points of intersection with them.

Claims (3)

1. A device for leaching useful components from solid material with a solvent, containing a column with plates of a failure type, the upper part of which has an overflow threshold covered by a chamber with nozzles for supplying solid material to the column and draining the solution obtained by leaching, and the lower part with solvent supply nozzles and discharging undissolved solid material is in communication with a pulsation chamber connected to a pulsation source, characterized in that the plates are collected in packages in which adjacent plates spaced by cylindrical shells, and the packages are installed in a column with an annular gap covered by a partition in the upper part of the package. 2. The device for leaching useful components from solid material with a solvent according to claim 1, characterized in that in the package the plates are fastened together and with a partition using fasteners, for example, studs with nuts. 3. The device for leaching useful components from solid material with a solvent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the column is equipped with additional process pipes located at the level of the package of plates, and fittings placed between the packages of plates.