RU116851U1 - SEWAGE TREATMENT INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Wastewater treatment plant, including an ultraviolet emitter (1), a reflective reflector (3), an ozonizer (4), a concentration meter (5) of dissolved ozone in water, a driver (6), a comparator (7), a follower drive (8 ), valve (9), crane (10), electrified gate valves (11, 12), position sensors (13, 14) electrified gate valves (11, 12), pressure sensor (15), control unit (16), turbidity meter (17 ), switch (18), while the ultraviolet emitter (1) consists of separate UV lamps, one of the outputs of the control unit (16) is connected to the input of the switch (18), and the output of the switch (18) is connected to the UV lamps (1) , electrified valves (11, 12), position sensors (13, 14) of electrified valves (11, 12), pressure sensor (15) and concentrometer (5) of dissolved ozone in water are connected to the control unit (16), characterized in that additionally contains a contact chamber (19), inside which there is a removable without electrode microwave gas discharge lamp (20) connected to a magnetron (21) through a coaxial exciter (22), a bubbling reactor (27), a tank (28) with source water connected to a bubbling reactor (27), a device (29) for dispersing gas placed in a bubbling reactor (27), a piezometer (30), an ozone destructor (31), a measuring cylinder (32) connected through a three-way valve (33) with a bubbling reactor (27), a gas analyzer (34), a compressor (35) , unit (36) for cleaning and drying air, piezoelectric elements (37), while the compressor (35) is connected to the inlet of the unit (36) for cleaning and drying air, the outlet of which is connected to the ozonizer (4), piezoelectric elements (37) are located in contact chamber (19), turbidity meter (17) set

Description

The utility model relates to physical and technological processes for the treatment of liquid media, in particular, the combined effects of ozone, ultrasound, ultraviolet (UV) and ultrahigh frequencies (microwave), and can be used to purify and disinfect water, sewage process and domestic waters from heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms.

A device for disinfecting water with ultraviolet and ozone (see the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2042637, IPC C02F 1/32. C02F 1/78, publ. 08/27/1995), including a housing with nozzles for supplying source water and drainage of treated water , an ultraviolet germicidal lamp with a protective quartz cover, an ejector mounted on the water supply pipe, the cavity of the cover being connected by a pipe to an air source and an ozone-air mixture recirculation pipe with a vacuum ejector cavity, and a quartz cover cleaning device full-time type, rotatably mounted around it. The device is equipped with an ultraviolet radiation control system with a photodetector installed in the casing wall, blades made in the form of an impeller, installed in the casing opposite the source water supply pipe and connected to the cleaning device, flow guides made in the form of protrusions and located on the inner wall of the casing, the brush-type device is located coaxially to the quartz cover along its entire length, and the ozone-air mixture recirculation pipeline is equipped with a valve for regulating flow rate. The treated wastewater is supplied to the casing where the ultraviolet lamp is located, the flow is turbulized on the blades, then air is supplied from which ozone is formed under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.

A disadvantage of the known device for disinfecting water with ultraviolet and ozone is that due to the saturation of water with ozone, all chemical compounds enter into an oxidative reaction and form insoluble particles. At the same time, the water becomes turbid and contains a large amount of suspended solids, which are not filtered out before UV irradiation. This reduces the efficiency of the liquid processing process.

A device for disinfecting water is known (see the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2091319, IPC C02F 1/32, publ. 09/27/1997), comprising a housing with a flow chamber, a bactericidal lamp of ultraviolet radiation installed in a protective sealed case made of quartz glass, inlet and outlet pipes. The device is equipped with additional ultraviolet germicidal lamps mounted radially in a protective case placed in a flow chamber made in the form of a glass with a central conical nozzle, the cone of which is directed to the water intake and located coaxially relative to the bactericidal lamps, while between the outer surface of the protective case and the inner surface of the casing has a constant clearance sufficient to pass the calculated amount of treated water. Water is subjected to intense ultraviolet radiation, flowing between the casing and the conical nozzle, in which the water receives a rotational movement due to the screw grooves. The air entering through the inlet tube is ionized and, mixed with water, makes the final sterilization of the water.

A disadvantage of the known device is that the ozone concentration resulting from UV irradiation of the air will be insufficient to sterilize the water. This reduces the functionality and efficiency of the liquid processing process.

The installation of combined bactericidal treatment is also known (see the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2173562, IPC A61L 11/00, A61L 2/12, A61L 2/20, published on 09/20/2001), containing a UV radiation source, a microwave energy generator and an electrodynamically coupled microwave working chamber. The UV radiation source is made in the form of at least one removable electrodeless microwave gas discharge lamp, the microwave generator is equipped with a coaxial exciter of the electrodeless lamp and the working chamber, and the working chamber is equipped with a hollow UV and microwave transparent coil. The coil is made in the form of a loop in at least one plane of the pipeline. At least one additional removable electrodeless microwave gas discharge lamp that is not in contact with the coaxial pathogen is installed in the working chamber. A removable electrodeless microwave gas discharge lamp connected to a magnetron is placed inside the working chamber. During operation, part of the energy of microwave oscillations is spent on maintaining the microwave discharge in the lamp, and part is converted to UV radiation, whereby ozone (O ₃ ) is generated.

However, a disadvantage of the known installation is that the treated water passes through the coil and is purified, while insoluble compounds precipitate inside the coil and fouling is possible, which will lead to re-infection of already purified waters. Cleansing the coil is possible using chemicals, but this can affect the taste and cause the appearance of new compounds. This reduces the efficiency of the liquid processing process.

A device for disinfecting running water (see the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2233249, IPC C02F 9/12, C02F 1/32, C02F 1/78, C02F 101: 00, C02F 103: 02, published on July 27, 2004) including an ultraviolet emitter, a reflective reflector, a technical oxygen source, an ozonizer, an inkjet apparatus with a quartz glass window, a helical blade, a vertically tubular system, a dissolved ozone concentration meter in running water, a setting device, a comparison device, a servo drive, a valve, a check valve , crane, electrified valves, sensors positions of electrified valves, two pressure sensors and a control unit with corresponding connections.

A disadvantage of the known device for disinfecting running water is the lack of effectiveness of disinfecting running water with its turbidity varying over time.

The closest technical solution to the proposed utility model is a known installation for disinfecting running water (see the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2288192, IPC C02F 9/12, C02F 1/32, C02F 1/78, publ. 11/27/2006), including an ultraviolet emitter, a reflective reflector, a source of technical oxygen, an ozonizer, a jet apparatus, a helical blade, a vertically tubular system, a concentrator of dissolved ozone in running water, a driver, a comparison device, a servo drive, a valve, a check valve, a tap, e Electrified valves, two pressure sensors, a control unit, a turbidimeter, a functional converter and a switch, the mixing chamber of the inkjet apparatus made of quartz glass, an ultraviolet emitter consisting of separate ultraviolet lamps located axially relative to the quartz mixing chamber of the inkjet apparatus, a turbidimeter installed at the inlet of the inkjet apparatus , the output of the turbidimeter is connected to the input of the functional converter, the control unit is connected to the output of the functional converter For and with the input of the switch, and the output of the switch is connected to the lamps of the ultraviolet emitter.

However, a disadvantage of the known device is that to drive a helical blade, it is necessary to additionally install a motor powered from a power source. At the same time, depending on the volume of water, the engine must be selected individually, which will lead to an increase in power consumption and energy consumption for powering the additional machine. This reduces the functionality of the device for disinfecting running water.

The task to which the proposed utility model is directed is to create a wastewater treatment plant with enhanced functionality and increased bactericidal efficacy.

The technical result achieved in the implementation of the utility model is the intensification of the process of disinfection of water of greater contamination by the combined effects of ozone, ultrasound, ultraviolet and microwave, and the reduction of power consumption through the use of optimal intensity and duration of exposure.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the wastewater treatment plant, including an ultraviolet emitter, a reflective reflector, an ozonizer, a concentration meter of dissolved ozone in water, a setting device, a comparison device, a follow-up drive, a valve, a tap, electrified valves, position sensors for electrically operated valves, a pressure sensor , control unit, turbidimeter, switch, while the ultraviolet emitter consists of separate ultraviolet lamps, one of the outputs of the control unit is connected with the input of the switch, and the output of the switch is connected to lamps of an ultraviolet emitter, electrified valves, position sensors of electrified valves, a pressure sensor and a concentration meter of dissolved ozone in water are connected to a control unit, according to a utility model, additionally contains a contact chamber inside which a removable electrodeless microwave gas discharge lamp connected to the magnetron through a coaxial exciter, bubbler reactor, source water tank connected to the bubbler reactor ohm, a gas dispersion device located in a bubbler reactor, a piezometer, an ozone destructor, a graduated cylinder connected through a three-way valve with a bubbler reactor, a gas analyzer, a compressor, an air purification and drying unit, piezoelectric elements, while the compressor is connected to the input of the purification unit and drying the air, the output of which is connected to the ozonizer, the piezoelectric elements are placed in the contact chamber, a turbidimeter is installed at the input of the contact chamber, the output of the turbidimeter is connected to the input of the control unit, second control unit output is connected to deduct input comparator, summing input of which is connected with the master device, the output of the comparator is connected to the input of the servo drive connected to the control valve body is mounted on Kontsentratomer contact chamber exit.

It is envisioned that the ultraviolet lamps of the ultraviolet emitter are arranged coaxially with respect to the movement of the liquid. It is also envisaged that the bubble reactor is equipped with glass tubes evenly distributed over its cross section.

The combined exposure to ozone, ultrasound, ultraviolet and ultra-high frequencies provides the possibility of bactericidal effects on the treated fluid. At the same time, the effectiveness of the bactericidal effect on the liquid being treated is significantly increased, since all these agents can be used either simultaneously (in an intentionally chosen combination), or in a certain sequence (for example, with alternation) and according to a certain spatio-temporal program.

The utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a functional diagram of a wastewater treatment plant. The positions in the drawing indicate the following:

1 - ultraviolet emitter;

2 - quartz case;

3 - reflective reflector;

4 - ozonizer;

5 - concentration meter;

6 - master device;

7 - a comparison device;

8 - servo drive;

9 - valve;

10 - crane;

11 - electrified valve;

12 - electrified valve;

13 - position sensor electrified gate valve 11;

14 - position sensor electrified gate valve 12;

15 - pressure sensor;

16 - control unit;

17 - turbidimeter;

18 - switch;

19 - contact camera;

20 - electrodeless microwave gas discharge lamp;

21 - magnetron;

22 - coaxial pathogen;

23 - high voltage rectifier;

24 - step-up (high-frequency) transformer;

25 - inverter;

26 - network rectifier;

27 - bubble reactor;

28 - tank with source water;

29 - a device for dispersing gas;

30 - piezometer;

31 - ozone destructor;

32 - measuring cylinder;

33 - three-way valve;

34 - gas analyzer;

35 - compressor;

36 - block cleaning and drying air;

37 - piezoelectric elements;

38 - power supply of ultrasonic piezoelectric elements 37;

39 - pipe;

40 - discharge pipe;

41 - crane;

42 - pipe;

43 - output pipe;

44 - glass tubular inserts;

45 - pipe;

46 - crane;

47 - valve;

48 - valve;

49 - pipe;

50 - valve;

51 - inlet pipe.

In the drawing, the solid line shows the movement of wastewater to be treated, the dashed line is the movement of air and the ozone-air mixture, the dotted line is the line of electrical connections.

The wastewater treatment plant contains an ultraviolet emitter 1, consisting of individual ultraviolet lamps, with a quartz case 2, located coaxially with respect to the movement of the liquid, a reflective reflector 3, an ozonator 4, a concentration meter 5 of dissolved ozone in water, a driver 6, a comparative device 7, a follow-up drive 8, valve 9, valve 10, electrified valves 11 and 12, position sensors 13 and 14 of electrified valves 11 and 12, pressure sensor 15, control unit 16, turbidimeter 17, switch 18, contact chamber 19, int in the morning of which there is a removable electrodeless microwave gas discharge lamp 20 connected to the magnetron 21 through a coaxial exciter 22, a high voltage rectifier 23, a step-up (high-frequency) transformer 24, an inverter 25, a network rectifier 26, a bubbler reactor 27, a source water tank 28 connected to bubbler reactor 27, gas dispersion device 29, placed in bubbler reactor 27, piezometer 30, ozone destructor 31, graduated cylinder 32 connected via bubbler 33 to bubbler reactor 27, gas analyzer 34, compressors 35, cleaning unit 36, and air drying, the piezoelectric elements 37, power supply 38 of the ultrasonic piezoelectric element 37, tube 39, discharge line 40, valve 41, pipes 42 and 43.

One of the outputs of the control unit 16 is connected to the input of the switch 18, and the output of the switch 18 is connected to the lamps of an ultraviolet emitter 1. Electrified valves 11 and 12, position sensors 13 and 14 of electrified valves 11 and 12, a pressure sensor 15 and a concentration meter 5 of dissolved ozone in water connected to the control unit 16.

The compressor 35 is connected to the input of the air purification and drying unit 36, the output of which is connected to the ozonizer 4. The piezoelectric elements 37 are placed in the contact chamber 19. The turbidimeter 17 is installed at the input of the contact chamber 19. The output of the turbidimeter 17 is connected to the input of the control unit 16, another output of the block control 16 is connected to the subtracting input of the comparator 7, the summing input of which is connected to the driver 6. The output of the comparator 7 is connected to the input of the follower drive 8 connected to the locking-regulating body in Ventil 9. Concentrate meter 5 is installed at the output of the contact chamber 19. The bubbler reactor 27 is equipped with glass tubes 44 evenly distributed over its cross section.

From the tank 28, the source water is supplied through the pipe 45 to the upper part of the bubbler reactor 27. To switch the bubbler reactor 27 from direct-flow to counter-current operating modes, a valve 46 and valves 47 and 48 are designed. From the bubbler reactor 27 through the pipe 49, the spent ozone destructor 31 is discharged ozone-air mixture. The gas analyzer 34 is designed to determine the concentration of ozone in the ozone-air mixture and in the exhaust gas, taps 10, 41 and valve 50 are used to connect it. Water enters the contact chamber 19 through the inlet pipe through the inlet pipe 51.

The sewage treatment plant contains two modules. The first module includes an ozonation unit, i.e. a bubbler reactor 27 with glass tubular inserts 44, in which a process of saturation with small doses of ozone takes place, as a result of which all chemical compounds enter into an oxidative reaction and form insoluble particles. This is the first stage of water purification. The contact apparatus in cross section contains multichannel tubular inserts to create a cramped mode of ascent of the dispersed gas phase. The second module contains piezoelectric elements 37, an electrodeless microwave gas discharge lamp 20 with a coaxial exciter 22, and an ultraviolet emitter 1 in a quartz case 2, i.e. blocks ultraviolet, ultrasonic and microwave. In the second module, water is disinfected with ultraviolet, ultrasound and microwave. This is the second stage of water purification. Ultraviolet water treatment is carried out through the use of low pressure amalgam lamps. The lamps are located in the upper part of the contact chamber 19 for the most effective irradiation of water. In addition, the inner surface of the housing of the contact chamber 19 is made of a highly reflective material. Ultrasonic exposure to water is carried out by using a piezoelectric ultrasonic generator. Processing with microwave frequencies is carried out using a microwave generator, which consists of a magnetron 21, a coaxial pathogen 22 and an amalgam electrodeless lamp 20.

In one embodiment of a wastewater treatment device, an ozone destructor 31, a piezometer 30, a gas analyzer 34, a compressor 35, a gas dispersion device 29, and a graduated cylinder 32 can be made, for example, as in a known device (see Alekseev S.E. Research ozonation processes for the intensification of wastewater treatment: Dis. Candidate of Technical Sciences. - M., 2005, p.183, Fig.5.13). Reflective reflector 3 and ultraviolet emitter 1 in a quartz case 2 can be performed, for example, as in the known device for disinfecting water according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2091319. An electrodeless microwave gas discharge lamp 20, magnetron 21 and coaxial pathogen 22 can be performed, for example, as in the well-known installation of combined bactericidal treatment according to RF patent No. 2173562. High-voltage rectifier 23, step-up (high-frequency) transformer 24, inverter 25 and network rectifier 26 can be performed, for example, as in a known device (see Artyukhov I.I., Tyutmanova V.V., Soshinov A.G. Directions for improving sources power supply of microwave generators of the magnetron type // Vestnik SGTU, 2006, No. 4 (19), p. 36, Fig. 1). Piezoelectric elements 37 can be performed, for example, as in the well-known multifunctional devices (see Khmelev V.N., Popova O.V. Multifunctional ultrasonic devices and their application in small industrial, agricultural and household applications: Scientific monograph / Alt. Technical University named after II Polzunov. - Barnaul: Publishing House AltGTU, 1997, Fig. 3.7, electronic resource: Monographs | U-SONIC.ru,). Block 36 for cleaning and drying air, ozonator 4 can be performed, for example, as in a known device (see Alekseev S.E. Research of ozonation processes to intensify wastewater treatment: Dis. Cand. Tech. Sciences. - M., 2005, p. 183, fig. 5.14). The power source 38 of the ultrasonic piezoelectric element 37 can be performed, for example, as in a known device (see Khmelev V.N., Popova O.V. Multifunctional ultrasonic devices and their use in small industrial, agricultural and household economies: scientific monograph / Alt. State Technical University named after I. I. Polzunov. - Barnaul: Publishing House AltGTU, 1997, Fig. 4.3, electronic resource: Monographs | U-SONIC.ru,). The bubbler reactor 27 with glass tubular inserts 44 can be performed, for example, as in a known device (see Alekseev S.E. Study of ozonation processes to intensify wastewater treatment: Dis. Cand. Tech. Sciences. - M., 2005, p. .169, Fig. 5.4). The contact chamber 19 can be performed, for example, as in the known device for disinfecting water with ultraviolet and ozone according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2042637.

Installation of wastewater treatment works as follows.

The source water from the tank 28 through the pipe 45 is fed into the upper part of the bubble column reactor 27, when moving from top to bottom, it is in contact with the dispersed ozone-air mixture. Through the cleaning and drying unit 36, air is supplied by the compressor 35 to the ozonizer 4, where ozone is generated from the air. The ozone-air mixture is fed into the bubbler reactor 27 from below through a pipe 42 equipped with a valve 9 and a device 29 for dispersing gas. Dispersed gas bubbles emerge passing through a module consisting of glass tubes 44 with a diameter comparable with the diameter of the bubble, while they are evenly distributed over the column section of the bubbler reactor 27. The spent ozone-air mixture is discharged through the pipe 49 into a catalytic ozone destructor 31, and then discharged into the atmosphere. To determine the concentration of ozone in the ozone-air mixture and in the exhaust gas, a gas analyzer 34 is used, connected by taps 10, 41 and valve 50. To determine the gas filling in the column bubbler reactor 27, there is a piezometer 30. The bubbler reactor 27 can operate in both direct-flow and counter-current modes, the tap 46 and valves 47 and 48 are used for switching. The purified water after prezoning is discharged from the bubbler reactor 27 through the pipe 39 to the second installation module. Before this, water samples are taken using a three-way valve 33 and the flow rate is measured using a graduated cylinder 32.

Next, the ultraviolet emitter 1 lamps are turned on and the electrified valves 11 and 12 are opened. When the signals from the position sensors 13 and 14 of the electrified valves 11 and 12 are enabled, the processed running water flows under pressure through the inlet pipe into the inlet 51 of the contact chamber 19. Pressure sensor 15 necessary for measuring pressure when water is supplied to the contact chamber 19. In the contact chamber 19, water is exposed to rays from an ultraviolet emitter 1 located in the quartz case 2 . Reflective reflector 3 enhances the flow of ultraviolet rays. At the same time, the turbidimeter 17 captures the turbidity of the water that has passed prezoning, and transmits information to the control unit 16 in the form of an electric signal, and then the switch 18 instructs to turn on a certain number of lamps of the ultraviolet emitter 1 corresponding to the turbidity of the source water. At the outlet of the wastewater treatment plant, a dissolved ozone concentrator 5 is placed in water, which detects the concentration of dissolved ozone in water and transmits it in the form of an electric signal through the control unit 16 to the subtracting input of the comparator 7, the summing input of which is connected to the setting device 6. On the setting device 6 sets a certain value of the concentration of ozone dissolved in water. The servo drive 8, with the input of which the output of the comparator 7 is connected, will act on the shut-off-regulating organ of the valve 9 until the values are equal: the concentration of dissolved ozone in water and its set value on the driver 6. Thus, automatically the flow rate of the ozone-air mixture is maintained, which is necessary both for the effective oxidation of contaminants and for the minimum required content of dissolved ozone in disinfected water before use.

The ultrasonic technological apparatus consists of an ultrasonic power source 38 and piezoelectric elements 37. When the transmitted water stream is processed by ultrasound from the piezoelectric elements 37 located directly in the contact chamber 19, short-lived vapor-gas “caverns” appear in the water, which appear at the moment of a local decrease in pressure in the water and "collapse" when the "compression" of water. The speed of "collapse" is very high and extreme parameters arise in the vicinity of the points of "collapse" - huge temperature and pressure. Near the points of "collapse" pathogenic microflora is completely destroyed, active radicals are formed.

In the local device for supplying the magnetron 21, and, consequently, for receiving microwave energy, a circuit with a transformerless input is used in which the alternating voltage of the network is first rectified and smoothed using a network rectifier 26, then using an inverter 25 it is converted to an alternating voltage of increased frequency. This voltage with the help of a high-frequency transformer 24 rises to the required value and is again rectified by means of a high-voltage rectifier 23. Coaxial exciter 22 is designed to transfer electromagnetic energy from magnetron 21 to an electrodeless argon-mercury lamp 20.

The disinfected water through the discharge pipe 40 enters the consumer for reuse.

The authors developed a simulation model of the installation (electrical complex) of wastewater treatment with a serial connection of exposure units (ozone, ultraviolet, ultrasound, microwave). The state parameters of the simulation model reflected the percentage of surviving microorganisms of the total number of pathogens; for TMP, OKB, TKB, the initial number of pathogenic bacteria is 10,000. in 100 ml., and coliphages 100 pcs. in 100 ml. (for convenience, instead of a percentage, quantitative indicators are given).

When wastewater was exposed to optimal parameters, the minimum number of pathogens was observed at the output of the simulation model of the wastewater treatment plant. The total microbial number decreased to less than 3.29 · 10 ^-7 CFU / ml. in purified water. Similar results were achieved in other indicator indicators: the number of total coliform bacteria at the unit outlet was 0.086 CFU / 100 ml, thermally tolerant bacteria - 2.6 · 10 ^-10 CFU / 100 ml, and coliphages - 0.015 CFU / 100 ml. At the same time, the power consumption for each block was: an ozonizing block - 25 W, an ultraviolet block - 85 W (power consumption for a duration of exposure of 0.75 s and an intensity of 45 mW / cm ² was 1.7 W · s / m ² ), an ultrasonic block - 1.2 W · h (power consumption for a duration of exposure of 2.26 s and an intensity of 1 mW / cm ² was 0.0678 W · s / m ² ), microwave unit - 211.7 W · h (power consumption for a duration of exposure of 120 s and an intensity of 1.8 W / g was - 705 W · s).

With an increase in the input parameter (exposure intensity), inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms was even greater in all units of the wastewater treatment plant: the total microbial number decreased to 3.2 · 10 ^-11 CFU / 100 ml, the total coliform bacteria to 8.55 · 10 ^{- 3} CFU / 100 ml, thermotolerant bacteria - 6.89 · 10 ^-11 CFU / 100 ml, coliphages - 0.0019 PFU / 100 ml. At the same time, the power consumption for each block was: ozonation block - 25 W, ultraviolet block - 140 W (power consumption for a duration of exposure of 0.75 s and an intensity of 55 mW / cm ² was 2.9 W · s / m ² ), an ultrasonic block - 2.3 W (power consumption for a duration of exposure of 2.26 s and an intensity of 2 mW / cm ² was 0.14 W · s / m ² ), microwave unit - 423.5 W (power consumption for a duration of exposure of 120 s and intensity 3 6 W / g was 1404 W · s).

The results of wastewater disinfection are much lower than those required by MU 2.1.5.800 - 99 “Organization of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance for wastewater disinfection”, therefore, increasing the intensity of exposure is impractical, as it leads to unreasonable additional energy costs and the need for more expensive equipment with higher productivity.

Since the proposed wastewater treatment plant operates in the accumulation mode (the installation does not operate in the flow mode, but accumulates water until the contact chamber is filled), it becomes possible to control the exposure time in a wide range. To assess the quality of disinfection, each exposure method was considered individually. The increase in the ozonation period led to a slight decrease in the number of pathogens compared with the optimal dose and time: OMC - 107 CFU / 100 ml, OKB - 1539 CFU / 100 ml, TKB - 117 CFU / 100 ml, coliphages - 32.6 CFU / 100 ml The results are explained by the fact that with an increase in the residence time of the wastewater in the contact chamber, the duration of the ozone-containing gas phase in the bubbler reactor increases. This is necessary to ensure a more complete transition of ozone into the liquid phase and maintain high oxidation rates. With an increase in the duration of exposure to ultraviolet and ultrasound instead of inactivation of microorganisms, an increase in the number of pathogens was observed (ultraviolet block: OMC - 5.8 · 10 ^-5 CFU / 100 ml, OKB - 232 CFU / 100 ml, TKB - 8.6 CFU / 100 ml, coliphages - 13.19 PFU / 100 ml; ultrasound unit: OMC - 2.19 · 10 ^-5 CFU / 100 ml, OKB - 62966 CFU / 100 ml, TKB - 2.2 CFU / 100 ml, coliphages - 2.19 PFU / 100 ml.). Thus, an increase in the exposure period led to the reactivation of microorganisms, in which damaged areas of nucleic acids (DNA / RNA) of pathogens are restored. Not all microorganisms have the ability to reactivate, therefore, there is no clear relationship between the number of pathogens and time, with the greatest increase in the number observed in common coliform bacteria. In the ultraviolet block, photoreactivation was observed, which is triggered by the action of light, and in the ultrasonic unit, dark reactivation, which occurs without the participation of light, was observed. Reactivation is possible after any type of exposure, if the degree of exposure leaves room for reactivation. Providing a sufficient dose of radiation, reactivation is not possible. The data obtained at the output of the installation did not differ much from the results of exposure with optimal doses and time, since the final unit was a microwave exposure unit, an increase in the duration of which leads to a decrease in the number of indicator indicators. In this case, the energy consumption for each block was: ozonation block - 25 W, ultraviolet block - 85 W (power consumption for a duration of 4 s and an intensity of 45 mW / cm ² was 9.4 W · s / m ² ), an ultrasonic block - 1, 2 W (power consumption with an exposure duration of 4 s and an intensity of 1 mW / cm ² was 0.12 W · s / m ² ), the microwave unit was 211.7 W · h (energy consumption with an exposure duration of 200 s and an intensity of 1176 W / g was 11.6 W · s),

From this it follows that after exposure to microorganisms with a previously determined optimal intensity and time duration, a lower power consumption of the wastewater treatment plant and almost complete inactivation of microorganisms are observed.

An analysis was also made of the change in the output parameters of the simulation model of the wastewater treatment plant when removed from the structural scheme in turn for one exposure unit.

In the model of the wastewater treatment plant, which consisted of successively connected blocks of ozonation, ultrasound, and microwave exposure, it was assumed that water passes through the ultraviolet treatment unit, but it does not function, which is reflected in the output. The shutdown of the ultraviolet block led to an increase in the number of microorganisms in the wastewater going to the ultrasonic unit and, as a result, at a constant dose and time, led to an increase in the output parameters of the unit. At the same time, a percentage growth of pathogens was also observed on the microwave exposure unit.

When the ultrasonic exposure unit was turned off, as in the previous experiment, an increase in the number of pathogens was observed at the exit from the microwave irradiation unit compared to the simulation model where all four units were used. This simulation model reflected an increase in the number of pathogens at the outlet of the installation compared to a model that included four exposure units. Therefore, we can conclude that all the used methods of wastewater treatment do not duplicate each other, but complement that is necessary to ensure the required level of wastewater disinfection during their further use.

A simulation model of a wastewater treatment plant with parallel connection of blocks after preliminary ozonation of effluents was investigated. This simulation model reflected the effectiveness of using each method relative to indicator indicators when using the optimal intensity and exposure time. After preliminary treatment of wastewater with respect to the total microbial number, the best indicators were demonstrated by the ultraviolet method: TBC - 2.13 · 10 ^-7 KOE / 100 ml. For all other pathogenic microorganisms, the best method was microwave exposure: OKB - 1.01 CFU / 100 ml., TKB - 6.04 · 10 ^-8 CFU / 100 ml., Coliphages - 0.285 PFU / 100 ml.

Based on the above analysis, a simulation model of a wastewater treatment plant was considered, in which an ozonizer was installed as the first unit, and then ultraviolet, ultrasonic and microwave processing were simultaneously applied. At the exit from the combined installation, using optimal exposure parameters, complete inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms was observed: total microbial number - 2.3 · 10 ^-12 %, total coliform bacteria - 0%, thermo-tolerant bacteria - 0%, coliphages - 0.09% .

Thus, the proposed device for wastewater treatment allows you to expand the functionality due to the disinfection of water of greater contamination by a complex bactericidal effect of ozone, ultrasound, ultraviolet and ultra-high frequencies, as well as to intensify the process of water disinfection by controlling and applying the optimal intensity and duration of exposure required and sufficient for the treatment and disinfection of wastewater and domestic water from heavy metals and ogen microorganisms.

Claims (3)

1. Wastewater treatment plant, including an ultraviolet emitter (1), a reflective reflector (3), an ozonizer (4), a concentration meter (5) of dissolved ozone in water, a driver (6), a comparison device (7), a follow-up drive (8 ), valve (9), valve (10), electrified valves (11, 12), position sensors (13, 14), electrically operated valves (11, 12), pressure sensor (15), control unit (16), turbidimeter (17 ), a switch (18), while the ultraviolet emitter (1) consists of separate ultraviolet lamps, one of the outputs of the control unit (16) is connected to the input of the switch (18), and the output of the switch (18) is connected to the ultraviolet lamp (1), electrified valves (11, 12), position sensors (13, 14) of electrified valves (11, 12), a pressure sensor (15) and a concentration meter (5) of dissolved ozone in water is connected to a control unit (16), characterized in that it further comprises a contact chamber (19), inside which a removable electrodeless microwave gas discharge lamp (20) is placed, connected to the magnetron (21) through a coaxial exciter (22), bubble reactor (27), tank (28) with the original an ode connected to a bubbler reactor (27), a gas dispersion device (29) placed in a bubbler reactor (27), a piezometer (30), an ozone destructor (31), a measuring cylinder (32) connected through a three-way valve (33) with a bubble reactor (27), a gas analyzer (34), a compressor (35), an air purification and drying unit (36), piezoelectric elements (37), the compressor (35) being connected to an inlet of an air purification and drying unit (36), the output of which is connected to the ozonizer (4), the piezoelectric elements (37) are placed in the contact chamber (19), the turbidimeter (17) is set connected at the input of the contact chamber (19), the output of the turbidimeter (17) is connected to the input of the control unit (16), the other output of the control unit (16) is connected to the subtracting input of the comparator (7), the summing input of which is connected to the master (6) , the output of the comparator device (7) is connected to the input of the follower drive (8) connected to the shutoff-regulating organ of the valve (9), the concentrator (5) is installed at the output of the contact chamber (19). 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultraviolet lamps of the ultraviolet emitter (1) are located coaxially with respect to the movement of the liquid. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the bubble reactor (27) is equipped with glass tubes (44) evenly distributed over its cross section.