RU116748U1 - WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR FISHERY FACILITIES LOCATED ON THE POLANDER LANDS - Google Patents

Abstract

The water supply system for fish farms located on polder lands, including water tanks, devices for water purification and aeration, pumps for supplying water to the fish farm and its return, characterized in that ground water bodies are used as water tanks, separated by sand and gravel a lintel with a width of 5.0-6.0 m, which is used as a hydrodynamic filter, and the first reservoir-receiver is made with the ability to communicate with the reclamation canal and is planted with higher aquatic vegetation from the water supply side by 30-40%, which is used as an aerator and biological filter of water, and its depth on the water supply side is no more than 0.5 m, and in the part adjacent to the bulkhead - no more than 2.0 m, and the second storage reservoir is made with a depth of no more than 2.0 m, cleaned of vegetation and communicated with the water intake of the fish farm by means of a pump equipped with a mechanical filter.

Description

The utility model relates to fish farming, namely, to the water supply system of fish farms located on polder lands, on which there are reclamation channels that communicate with a water source, for example, a river. You can use this water supply system in the Kaliningrad region, Lithuania, the Republic of Poland and the Republic of Belarus, which have polder lands on their territory. The developed system is used for water supply to fish breeding enterprises for various purposes with water of the required quality, which corresponds to the bio-requirements of farmed fish.

A well-known water supply system for fish farms (RU patent 2400975, IPC A01K 61/00, published 10.11.2009), which includes water tanks insulated in the ground, pipelines for supplying water from tanks to fish tanks and returning it, pumps, and also means of aeration and water purification.

The described water supply system requires considerable investments, as it includes special water tanks equipped with expensive aeration and water purification tools. In addition, it is impossible to provide thermal insulation of reservoirs on polder lands by using their deepening in the ground, due to the high level of groundwater location on polder lands, which increases even more during seasonal floods and periodic surging events when the wind increases from the sea.

The utility model solves the problem of reducing the economic costs of creating a water supply system for fish farms located on polder lands with a high level of groundwater location by creating a groundwater reservoir system with natural mechanical and biological treatment and aeration of water.

To obtain the desired technical result in the well-known water supply system for fish farms, including water tanks, devices for cleaning and aeration of water, pumps for supplying water to the fish farm and its return, it is proposed to use ground ponds separated by a sand and gravel bridge as water tanks a width of 5.0-6.0 m, which is used as a hydrodynamic filter, and the first reservoir receiver is proposed to perform with the possibility of communication with the reclamation channel, and to add 30-40% of the higher aquatic vegetation from the water supply side, which is proposed to be used as an aerator and biological filter of water, and its depth from the water supply side should be no more than 0.5 m, and in the part adjacent to the bridge - no more than 2, 0 m. The second reservoir reservoir is proposed to be executed with a depth of not more than 2.0 m, to clear of vegetation. The reservoir reservoir is in communication with the water intake of the fish farm through a pump equipped with a mechanical filter.

The diagrams attached to the description show:

figure 1 - the proposed water supply system for fish farms, top view;

figure 2 is the same side view.

The following notation is adopted on the diagrams: 1 - reclamation channel; 2 - reservoir-receiver; 3 - sand and gravel lintel; 4 - reservoir reservoir; 5 - pump with a mechanical filter; 6 - fish farm.

The proposed water supply system for fish farms includes two reservoirs separated by a sand and gravel bridge, acting as a hydrodynamic filter. One of the reservoirs in communication with the reclamation channel plays the role of a water receiver, it is used for biological purification of process water using higher aquatic vegetation: periphyton, phyto- and zooplankton, as well as benthos, and the second reservoir serves as a reservoir in which purified water accumulates water, its sedimentation and natural additional purification by organisms of phyto- and zooplankton.

The receiving reservoir 2 can have, for example, the following characteristics: an area of 0.4 ha, a depth in the shallow overgrown higher aquatic vegetation of a part of not more than 0.5 m (30-40% of the area of the reservoir), and in the deep water adjacent to the lintel - no more than 2.0 m.

The area of the reservoir-receiver is calculated as follows. For the utilization of 25 kg of exometabolites, 0.1 ha of calamus thickets with a utilizing surface of 500 m ² / m ^{3 of} occupied area (leaves, stems, periphyton and phyllosphere) is needed. Taking into account an area of overgrowth of 40%, the total area of the reservoir will be 0.4 ha. The ratio of length and width is 20: 1, which allows to increase the utilization of the volume to 0.8-0.9.

The minimum depth of the receiving reservoir on the planted vegetation area is not more than 0.5 m, (0.3-0.5 m is recommended) and is justified by the optimal depth for the development of air-water plants and the highest degree of development of periphyton organisms - bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, protozoa and unicellular algae, crustaceans, worms, insects and bryozoans.

The rate of overgrowing by higher aquatic vegetation (iris, lake reed, calamus, reeds, narrow-leaved and broad-leaved cattails, red-crested and curly rhizomes, spirodella multi-rooted, elodea, yellow killer whale, common squirrel, arrow-shooter, amphibian buckwheat, urut, hara, etc.) 30-40% of the reservoir area [2].

In this case, the biomass of plants should be 1.5 kg of air-dry matter per square meter of thickets. The area occupied by higher aquatic vegetation was calculated by the maximum load of about 10,000 m ³ / day of water per 1 ha with a planting density of 150-200 plants per 1 m ² . Excessive development of aquatic vegetation (above this standard) may be unfavorable for the reservoir and cause its secondary pollution up to waterlogging, because the decomposition of macrophyte phytomass residues is accompanied by secondary water pollution. After the death and microbiological destruction of plant residues, significant amounts of organic substances and biogens enter the water, which worsen the sanitary and hygienic properties of water, therefore, the indicated overgrowth of aquatic vegetation is optimal. The following measures should be taken at the receiving reservoir: control overgrowing, harvesting excess biomass of aquatic vegetation.

The leaves and stems of higher aquatic vegetation, together with periphyton, are a powerful biological filter and have photosynthetically productive, demineralizing, detoxifying and phytosanitary abilities.

You can change the intensity of water purification by selecting the species composition of the phytocenosis. So cattail has a high storage capacity of relatively heavy metals, reeds are able to remove a number of organic compounds from water, including phenols [3], naphthols, anilines and other organic substances [4].

Bulrush, cane and cattail are able to utilize ammonia, reducing biological oxygen consumption (BOD), which at an average concentration of ammonia in wastewater of 24.7 mg / l, after purification using higher aquatic plants (WWR), its concentration was (mg / l) : for reeds - 1.4, for reeds - 5.3, for cattail - 17.7. The effectiveness of reducing BOD was also highest in reeds, slightly lower in reeds and cattails. In Russia, the Institute of Cytology and Genetics has developed a technology for wastewater treatment using aqueous hyacinth. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen decreased (mg / l) from 30-50 to 4-5, the biological oxygen consumption for five days, BOD ₅ - from 150 to 20-30, the chemical oxygen consumption (COD) - from 300 to 25-30, the concentration of dissolved oxygen increased from 0.5 to 2-5 (mg O ₂ ) / L.

It is noted that the accumulation of biogenic elements by plants is stimulated by an increase in their concentration in the medium [5, 6], increases under the influence of light [7], and depends on the pH of the water, as well as on the species characteristics of plants [5], the density of biomass [7], and a number of other factors , namely, temperature and oxygen regime.

In addition, purification is carried out by organisms located in silt sediments - benthos, in which the active process of anaerobic decomposition of organic pollutants takes place. A significant role in the post-treatment processes is played by saprophytic bacteria, which, together with VVR, successfully fulfill the role of disinfectants due to their metabolic products and antagonism with heterotroph bacteria, which in some cases avoids the use of ozonation systems for water supplied to hatcheries [8]. The recommended layer of sludge in the reservoir should be no more than 15 cm, to prevent decay processes.

The maximum depth of the reservoir-receiver 2 in the part adjacent to the bridge 3 is justified by the height of the bridge 3 and the intensity of photosynthesis at various depths. Taking this into account, the recommended depth is not more than 2.0 m. The height of the bridge 3 is calculated based on the height of the sand and gravel filter and the height of the bridge 3 above the water edge. The height of the sand-gravel filter is determined according to the SNiP rules for sandy soils and climatic conditions of the Kaliningrad region (1.0-1.5 m + 20-30% of the height) is approximately 2.0 m (1.95 m) taking into account the height above by water edge (0.5 m) is 2.0 + 0.5 = 2.5 m [10].

The proposed width of the sand and gravel lintel 3, not less than 5.0 m, was calculated based on the number of filter layers and their width. The proposed structure of the sand and gravel filter is standard and consists of five layers: gravel, medium sand (0.3-1 mm), fine sand (less than 0.3 mm), medium sand, gravel. The thickness of each layer is 1.0 m, which allows you to get filtered water of high quality and maintain high quality of filtered water also in the cold season. As the results of experimental tests showed, with a jumper width of less than 5.0 m, the required quality of filtered water is not provided. It is advisable to choose a jumper width of 5.0-6.0 m, since the construction of a wider jumper is not economically feasible, in addition, with a larger jumper width, the process of hydrodynamic water filtration is difficult. The adopted sequence of layers allows washing the filter with a reverse current of water.

A storage reservoir 4 is located behind the jumper, having, in the calculated example, an area of 0.4 hectares and used for the accumulation, post-treatment and sedimentation of water. The area of this reservoir is calculated on the basis of a three-day supply of water for the fish farm (in our example, in the amount of 8 thousand m ³ ). Phyto- and zooplankton organisms utilizing residual nitrogen and phosphorus are used as water purification agents. Silt deposits at the bottom are not desirable. The depth of reservoir 4 is not more than 2.0 m, which is due to the height of the sand and gravel lintel and the optimal depth for intense photosynthesis at a selected depth.

Water intake using pump 5, equipped with a mechanical filter, is carried out at a depth of 1.5 m, which is associated with the maximum possible freezing layer of water with a thickness of 1.0 m.

Water from the fish farm 6 passes through the drainage network 1 and again falls into the receiving reservoir 2.

Using the proposed utility model allows you to abandon the expensive means of purification and aeration of water intended for fish farms located on polder lands. During the construction of the proposed reservoirs-receivers and reservoirs-reservoirs, you can use the pits formed as a result of removing sand to fill the dams, protecting the polders from the pressure of water from the bays and rivers, which will significantly reduce the cost of building reservoirs.

The structure of the areas of receiving reservoirs and storage reservoirs in the proposed embodiment is designed to provide fish-breeding reservoirs with high-quality water in an amount sufficient to grow 10 tons of salable fish. An increase or decrease in the area of these reservoirs will proportionally affect the ability to grow commercial fish, increasing or decreasing them, respectively.

The calculation of the economic efficiency of the proposed water supply system is based on the cost of equipment used in water treatment at hatcheries.

Table Water Treatment Equipment Prototype Proposed Technical Solution Hydrotech mechanical micro mesh drum filter 552 thousand rubles 552 thousand rubles Centrifugal pump 1 million rubles 1 million Biological Drip Filter 1 million rubles - Industrial ozonizer 800 thousand rubles - Total 3 352 thousand rubles 1,552 million rubles

As can be seen from the table, the costs of using the proposed water supply system for fish farms are reduced by more than half.

Sources of information taken into account when drawing up the description of the application:

1. RF patent for the invention RU 2400975 C2, IPC A01K 61/00 (2006.01), publ. 11/10/2009 (the closest analogue).

2. Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus of December 29, 1998 N 400 "On approval of documents" (together with the "Instructions for the classification and accounting of urban green spaces", "Recommendations for the protection and rational use of higher aquatic plants").

3. Dawson G.F., Loveridge R.F., Bone D.A. Grop production and sewage treatment using gravel bed hydroponic erridation // Ibid. - 1989. - 21, N 2-P. 57-64.

4. Samkaram Unni K., Philip S. Heavy metal uptake and accumulation by Thypha angustifolia from weltlands around thermal power station // Int. J. Ecol. and Environ. Sci. - 1990. - 16, N 2/3. - P.133-144.

5. Korotkevich L.G. On the issue of using water-protective and cleaning properties of common reed // Water. Res. - 1976. - No. 5.- S.198-204

6. Victoria biological rates with healthy water roslina in practice of purification of old waters // Inform. bull. I’m holding on to. 2002. - No. 4.-P.38.

7. Dikieva D.M., Petrova I.A. The chemical composition of macrophytes and the factors determining the concentration of minerals in higher aquatic plants // Hydrobiological processes in water bodies / Ed. I.M.Raspopova. - L .: Nauka, 1983 .-- S.107-213.

8. Smirnova N.N. Ecological and physiological features of the root system of coastal vegetation // Gidrobiol. Zhurn. - 1980. - 26, No. 3. - S.60-69.

9. Dmitrieva N.G., Einor L.O. The role of macrophytes in the conversion of phosphorus in water // Water. Res. - 1985. - No. 5. - S. 101-110.

10. SNiP 2.04.03-85.

Claims (1)

The water supply system of fish farms located on polder lands, including water tanks, devices for cleaning and aeration of water, pumps for supplying water to the fish farm and its return, characterized in that groundwater reservoirs separated by sand and gravel are used as water tanks a jumper with a width of 5.0-6.0 m, which is used as a hydrodynamic filter, and the first reservoir-receiver is made with the possibility of communication with the reclamation channel and planted with higher aquatic vegetation from the water supply side by 30-40%, which is used as an aerator and biological water filter, and its depth from the water supply side is not more than 0.5 m, and in the part adjacent to the bridge - not more than 2.0 m, and the second the storage reservoir is made with a depth of not more than 2.0 m, is cleaned of vegetation and communicated with the water intake of the fish farm using a pump equipped with a mechanical filter.