RU114255U1 - REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM OF OIL AND GAS PIPELINES TECHNICAL CONDITION - Google Patents

Abstract

The system for remote monitoring of the technical condition of oil and gas pipelines, which contains a number of central and peripheral stations, interconnected by radio communication, characterized in that the central stations are located along the route of oil and gas pipelines at a distance of up to 1500 km from each other and are based on base stations of meteoric communication, the peripheral stations are made in the form of unattended meteor terminals, which are located directly along the oil and gas pipelines at the locations of the maintenance sensors, and the meteor terminals are equipped with a wave channel antenna, a battery and a wind generator for recharging it and are connected to the track maintenance sensors.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of radio communications and can be used for remote monitoring of oil and gas pipelines, high-voltage power lines, trunk cables and other long objects.

Russia is the only country on the planet that is one of the three world leaders in oil and gas production and their reserves.

The geographical position of Russia itself also presents important advantages, which makes it possible to export oil and gas to the main world markets with maximum rationality.

It should be noted that our country has a unique system of long oil and gas pipelines. Currently, 241.6 thousand km of trunk pipelines and about 350 thousand km of field pipelines are operated in Russia.

Due to the increasing demand for energy in Russia and other countries, interest in the discovery and operation of new oil and gas fields is increasing. In many cases, areas rich in these natural resources are located in remote areas of Siberia that are far from consumers and inaccessible, in which there are no means of communication. In these cases, it turns out to be advantageous to use meteor means of long-distance communications for remote monitoring of the technical condition of oil and gas pipelines, as well as for providing communication between survey parties and managing organizations.

Now that the problem of sabotage and terrorist acts in our country is especially acute and the government is focusing law enforcement agencies on creating structures to counter them, a number of organizations are offering protection systems for main oil and gas pipelines on the Russian market. However, listing all the “charms” of their systems, both suppliers and manufacturers either modestly remain silent about that. how to convey signals from their systems to quick response groups, or offer completely incorrect transmission systems. GSM channels cannot be used in security signaling systems, since these are commercial channels, and satellite communication is very expensive for monitoring. One of the main requirements for such a system is to ensure stable communication with a large number of personal subscribers and sensors located at large distances from the basic autonomous terminal.

A meteor radio channel is formed as a result of the reflection of a meter wavelength from ionized traces that randomly occur in the upper layers of the earth's atmosphere at altitudes of 80-100 km as a result of the combustion of small particles of cosmic origin. Each meteor track, which is a column of ionized air with a radius of about a meter and a length of up to several tens of kilometers, after the combustion of a meteor particle, exists from hundredths of a second to units of seconds. During this short time, he can play the role of a natural passive repeater of radio signals and provide directional mirror reflection of meter radio waves, creating the possibility of radio communication between remote locations.

Meteor communication has a number of advantages that distinguish it from other traditional types of communication:

- Significant radio wave propagation range (up to 2000 km) and the absence of so-called dead zones, which allows you to cover large areas and puts meteor communication on a par with other "over-the-horizon" types of communications;

- directional propagation of radio waves;

- statistical stability of RTOs allows you to organize reliable communication lines at any time of the day or year without the need to change operating frequencies;

- relatively low energy costs in the channel due to the low noise level and low absorption in the atmosphere;

- resistance to natural and artificial disturbances in the Earth’s atmosphere allows you to work in northern latitudes, for which various anomalies of the ionosphere, paralyzing means of longer wavelengths, are most characteristic. This property is of particular interest in emergency and critical situations, when meteor showers may be the only ones capable of restoring communication in a short time, and therefore control. A radio transmitting device for communication used in a vehicle is known. The Federal Republic of Germany patent No. 3537107, Н04В 7/155, 1987. The device consists of a radio transmitter, an external antenna, a connecting feeder, an internal antenna, an amplifier, and a receiver. The vehicle has an external antenna that receives signals sent by the radio transmitter. An antenna connecting feeder is introduced into the vehicle, where the received signal is amplified by an amplifier and radiated within the vehicle via an internal antenna.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the inability to establish alerts and security monitoring of various remote objects.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed object is the "Call system in case of alarm and emergency." US patent No. 6032036, H04Q 7/20 2000. The system includes receiving subscriber devices installed at subscribers and connected via a telephone line to the central device. Each receiving subscriber unit is connected via radio communication with alarm transmitters. If one of the transmitters transmits a warning signal, the corresponding receiving subscriber devices are called in a certain sequence. The various functional parameters of each receiving subscriber unit are stored in its control unit. These functional parameters can be entered, switched or modified remotely from the central unit in accordance with the remote control procedure.

However, this system has significant drawbacks: it is necessary to lay communication lines to each subscriber, which in most cases leads to significant needs for linear cables; This system does not provide control over the technical condition of extended oil and gas pipelines over long distances (1500-2000 km), since it operates in the VHF range, the range of which is determined by the horizon.

The purpose of the utility model is to control the technical condition of long oil and gas pipelines based on meteor communication.

This goal is achieved by the fact that a system comprising a number of central and peripheral stations interconnected by radio, while the central stations are located along the oil and gas pipelines at a distance of up to 1,500 km from each other and made on the basis of meteor communication base stations, and the peripheral the stations are made in the form of maintenance-free meteor terminals that are located directly along the oil and gas pipelines in the locations of maintenance sensors, and the meteor the terminals are equipped with an antenna of the "wave channel" type, a battery and a wind generator for recharging it.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a system for remote monitoring of the technical condition of oil and gas pipelines consisting of:

1 - central meteor radio stations with a power of the order of 500 W, the average transmission speed of which is 50 bit / s, a range of 60 MHz with a band of 20 kHz and a carrier frequency discrete through 25 kHz. CAs collect and process information from a network of peripheral stations, dumping information from sensors to the center. For this, the CA is equipped with a personal computer type IBM AT;

2 - peripheral maintenance-free meteor terminals providing information collection at the central station. The terminal has a small-sized transmitter with a pulse power of 300 W (average power 3 W), an antenna of the "wave channel" type. The meteor modem interfaces with the parameter sensors through a standard RS-232 interface.

3 - various track maintenance sensors.

In figure 2. a block diagram of a peripheral maintenance-free meteor terminal consisting of the terminal itself, i.e. radio station 2, battery 4 (battery capacity 24 V) and wind generator 5.

The system can function in several modes. Continuous tracking (control) mode. In this case, DS1 constantly emits pulses of the general (or group) request of peripheral stations 2, having in the signal format a free "window" for receiving emergency messages. In the event of meteor radio channels having a random distribution in time and space, PS2 dumps information from sensors on the situation in the area or condition of the object to the center. In the event of an emergency, the MS automatically enters a priority sign into its signal, according to which DS1 switches to direct monitoring or information exchange with the emergency object, leaving only a free “window” for receiving only emergency messages from other PS2. The peripheral station 2 returns to continuous monitoring immediately after a decision is made on the emergency facility.

Periodic polling mode. This mode is used in cases when information from PS2 about the environment or condition of the object (with the exception of emergency or emergency messages) is enough to remove no more often. Than 2-4 times a day. Moreover, DS1 and PS2 are constantly in standby mode. Periodically (according to a pre-compiled program or at the request of the operator), the DS1 switches to the polling mode, similar to the continuous tracking mode, after which it returns to standby mode again.

In the event of an accident or extreme situation, PS2 itself goes into active radiation mode and calls DS1. DS1 receiving such a call goes into tracking mode for this object. The periodic survey mode is more economical than the continuous tracking mode, it is advantageous from the point of view of electromagnetic compatibility.

One DS1 can serve from several hundred to a thousand sensors.

DS1 are built on the basis of meteor communications base stations. The antenna system TsS1 is tuned to the radiation pattern, providing an overview of a given area (section) of the oil and gas pipeline.

On the oil and gas pipeline itself, at the end of long sections equipped with monitoring systems, controllers (sensors) 3 are installed, and nearby there are maintenance-free meteor communication terminals 2, equipped with a simple “wave channel” antenna, a battery 4 and a wind generator 5 for recharging it. TsS1 is in a standby mode. In the event of a malfunction, accident, unauthorized actions of violators, the meteor terminal 2 begins to emit incident signals to the center, i.e. on CA1. As soon as a “useful” meteor appears in the direction of ЦС1, a communication channel arises through which information from sensors 3 is reset to the control center.

TsS1 periodically (for example, once a day) interrogates all sensors 3, checking their serviceability. The rest of the time, the central stations 1 can operate in communication mode, serving subscribers who have at their disposal peripheral meteor communication equipment. Moreover, the structure of the algorithm provides for an on-duty “window” for receiving an alarm signal from any of the control sensors 3 of the oil and gas pipeline.

Based on the features of the appearance of meteor traces suitable for communication, the inventive system includes two identical transceivers. Transmitters continuously emit energy without modulation at frequencies spaced over a certain interval.

Each receiver is tuned to the frequency of the transmitter located at the opposite end of the radio link. As soon as the signal at the input of one of the receivers exceeds a certain threshold signal-to-noise ratio, the gate device of the transmitter is triggered and the transmission of information begins at a high speed. Information transmission continues until the signal-to-noise ratio falls below a threshold level. At the receiver, the received information is accumulated, then read at normal speed.

In the inventive system, it is assumed that the reflection mechanism is completely reversible and the noise level and equipment are identical. Since there are no such conditions in practice, it is necessary that the gating process be controlled by the signal-to-noise ratio existing in the receiver for which the transmission is being conducted. Information for this can be transmitted over the reverse radio channel, which is used either only for this purpose, or also for data transmission.

The system provides high reliability under the influence of intentional interference. The system automatically selects the traces that create a reception area for signals emitted from the opposite station at the location of the receiving station. Any other receiver should be in the same reception area if it is designed to intercept information. Naturally, in this case he will receive this information only when the specified reception conditions are met. As the receiver moves away from the meteor shower station, these conditions will be met to a lesser extent. At a distance of several hundred kilometers, only a tiny fraction of the information will be received. The same feature of the meteor communication system provides well-known protection against interference caused by outside stations.

In the inventive system uses relatively simple antenna systems. Satisfactory results were obtained when using both for reception and transmission of single five-element director antennas of the "wave channel" type.

The highest channel utilization coefficient is obtained when the radiation patterns of the receiving and transmitting antennas deviate away from the plane of the large circle of the celestial sphere, and the most advantageous antenna directional angle depends on the time of day and the geographical location of the communication line.

These deviations reach 30 °, which confirms the spherically uniform heliocentric distribution of meteor orbits.

The experience of meteor communication radio links has shown that with transmitters power of 500 W, in the frequency range of 60 MHz, on routes with a length of about 2200 km, it was possible to provide an average transmission speed of about 50 words / min at a transmission speed during the existence of the flash, 10-20 times higher average.

Thus, on the basis of reliable meteor communication, the technical condition of oil and gas pipelines is monitored.

Claims (1)

A system for remote monitoring of the technical condition of oil and gas pipelines, comprising a number of central and peripheral stations interconnected via radio communications, characterized in that the central stations are located along the oil and gas pipelines at a distance of up to 1,500 km from each other and are based on meteor communication base stations, while the peripheral stations are made in the form of maintenance-free meteor terminals, which are located directly along the oil and gas pipelines in the locations of the sensors s service, the terminals are equipped meteoric antenna type "Yagi" wind generator and the battery to recharge it or connected with sensors technical route maintenance.