RU114171U1 - SYSTEM OF VIBRATION SEISMIC EXPLORATION OF A GEOLOGICAL OBJECT - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A system for vibration seismic exploration of a geological object, containing at least one control unit for vibrators intended for placement near the geological object, and a decoder of control commands, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of at least one control unit for vibrators, connected to the unit power supply analyzer unit, which is connected by the first, second, third and fourth information inputs, respectively, to the outputs of the display, the control command keypad unit, the generator of standard signals and the control command encoder connected by a communication channel with the control command decoder, a seismic station located near the geological object, which is connected with the first leads through a matching device to the sixth information inputs of the analyzer unit, and with the second leads connected to the inputs of the standard signal generator. ! 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the analyzer unit is connected by the fifth information input to the output of the tape drive. ! 3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the analyzer unit contains a processor module, a random access memory, a read-only memory, a display module, a correlator, a storage device and an external device controller connected to each other by the system bus, configured to be connected to a standard signal generator , wherein the display module is configured to be connected to a display, a tape drive, and a keyboard unit for supplying control commands. ! 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the analyzer unit is configured to function

Description

The utility model relates to seismology and can be used in the exploration and development of hydrocarbon deposits.

A known system for vibroseismic exposure, which contains many sources of vibroseismic vibrations, designed to be placed on the surface and / or in vertical, and / or inclined, and / or horizontal, and / or branched wells. They are equipped with means for exciting vibrations connected through communication channels with a computer. The latter serves to control the sequence, duration, and other parameters of the control signals (amplitude, frequency, phase, etc.), as well as the creation of longitudinal and transverse waves, the direction of longitudinal waves and the polarity of the transverse waves, which in turn is connected through the modem to the center management (see RF patent No. 2235863, CL EV 43/16, 2004).

The disadvantages of the known system are that they do not allow you to adjust the parameters of the process of analyzing the signals received during vibrational seismic exploration of a geological object.

The technical result, the achievement of which the proposed utility model is aimed at, is the possibility of adjusting the parameters of the process of analyzing signals received during vibrational seismic exploration of a geological object.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the system for vibrational seismic exploration of a geological object contains at least one control unit for vibrators that are located near the geological object, and a decoder control commands, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of at least one control unit vibrators, an analyzer unit connected to the power supply unit, which is connected by the first, second, third and fourth information inputs, respectively, with the outputs of the display, the keyboard assembly s of submission of control commands, a standard signal generator, and a control command encoder, connected by a communication channel to a control command decoder, located near the geological object, a seismic station, which is connected to the sixth information inputs of the analyzer unit by the first conclusions and connected to the inputs of the standard signal generator by the second conclusions .

In addition, the analyzer unit is connected by the fifth information input to the output of the tape drive.

In addition, the analyzer unit comprises a processor module interconnected by a system bus, random access memory, read-only memory, a display module, a correlator, a storage device and an external device controller configured to connect to a standard signal generator, while the display module is configured to be connected with a display, a tape drive and a keyboard submission node command.

In addition, the analyzer unit is configured to operate in an interactive interactive mode with the possibility of processing signals by spectral correlation analysis methods.

In addition, the analyzer unit can be configured to process signals to represent them graphically on a display, as well as to quantize signals in time, in addition, to process signal spectra using a fast Fourier transform, and in addition, to conducting a frequency analysis of signals in a predetermined frequency range.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated in figures 1-6, where figure 1 shows a block diagram of a system for vibrational seismic exploration of a geological object, figure 2 shows a block diagram of a block analyzer, figure 3 shows a view of the table displayed on the screen parameters describing the results of the analysis performed by the system, figure 4 shows a block diagram of an algorithm for correcting the parameters of a functioning system, figure 5 shows a block diagram of the algorithm of the proposed system in one of its operating modes, figure 6 p an example of displaying the results of seismic analysis on a display screen of a functioning system is provided.

Figures 1 and 2 indicate the analyzer block 1 (BA), magnetic tape drive 2 (NML), display 3 (TV), control command keyboard (CL) node 4, power supply unit 5, control command encoder 6 (W) , decoder 7 control commands (DS), generator 8 standard signals (GSR), seismic station 9 (SS), matching device 10 (CSS) and block 11 control vibrators (BUV), processor module 12 (PM), random access memory 13 ( RAM), read-only memory 14 (ROM), display module 15 (DM), correlator 16 (K), drive 17 (N), controller 18 ext Existing Devices (HLC) and System Bus 19.

The system for vibrational seismic exploration of a geological object contains at least one control unit 11 of the vibrators that are located near the geological object, and a decoder 7 control commands, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of at least one block 11 of the control of vibrators. An analyzer block 1 is connected to the power supply unit 5, which is connected by the first, second, third, fourth and fifth information inputs, respectively, to the outputs of the drive 2 on a magnetic tape, display 3, node 4 of the keyboard for command input, generator 8 of standard signals and encoder 6 control commands associated with a communication channel with a decoder 7 control commands. The system also includes a seismic station 9 located near the geological object, which is connected to the sixth information inputs of the analyzer unit 1 by the first conclusions through a matching device 10, and connected to the inputs of the standard signal generator 8 by the second conclusions.

In block 1 of the analyzer, the processor module 12, random access memory 13, read-only memory 14, display module 15, correlator 16, drive 17 and external device controller 18 are interconnected by a system bus 19, configured to connect standard signals to the generator 8. The display module 15 is configured to connect to a display 3, a tape drive 2, and a keypad assembly 4 of a control command keyboard.

The proposed system works as follows.

Many sources of vibrational seismic vibrations (vibrators) are placed on the earth's surface of the geological object and / or in vertical and / or deviated and / or horizontal and / or branched wells in the geological object. In this case, the vibrators can be stationary or move along the surface of the earth or inside the well.

The signal of the seismic station 9 starts the generator 8 of standard signals, and through the radio channel - blocks 11 control vibrators that generate a probing linear frequency-modulated (LFM) signal. Vibrators emit longitudinal and transverse waves in the direction of the geological object. The standard signal generator 8 forms a time stamp (OM), from which the seismic information — seismic vibrations reflected from the geological object — is recorded by the seismic station 9.

The simultaneously recorded information through the matching device 10 enters the analyzer unit 1 to detect the frequency-dependent attenuation of the reflected signals (seismic vibrations).

Using the keyboard of node 4 and display 3, the operator first selects the seismic channels and time window of interest for analysis and sets the frequency range (Fmin, Fmax) in which this system will work, and the sweep length (T). Within the window set by the operator, the spectrum of the reflected seismic signal (signal) introduced into the system is calculated, which is then compared with the spectrum accepted as optimal (in this case, rectangular). Based on the results of the comparison, a nonlinear frequency-modulated (NLCM) compensating signal is calculated. The pairs of numbers dF and dT, which determine its piecewise linear approximation, are transmitted to the standard signal generator 8 and through the radio channel to the vibrator control units 11 to change the characteristics of the emitted vibroseismic vibrations.

The system at this stage can be used to control the spectrum of the recorded signal. If the shape of the recorded spectrum deviates from the optimum, the calculation of the correction of the control signal is repeated.

The functional block diagram of the analyzer 1 is shown in figure 2. All functional units of block 1 are interconnected via a system bus 19. For communication with external devices, an external device controller 18 and a display module 15 are used. The display module 15 is used to communicate with the keyboard of the node 4, the display 3, and the tape drive 2.

The operator, while working with this system, enters the parameters and the operating mode of the system from the keyboard of node 4 and receives information on the progress of its operation (input correlogram traces, vibrograms, spectra, calculated data, messages and system requests). The controller 18 is used to communicate with the seismic station 9, with the radio channel and with the generator 8 of standard signals. The controller 18 of the external devices receives seismic information and passes to the input of the drive 17 only information from the channels selected by the operator. In the drive 17, the information of different channels is added without time shifts (i.e., the received signals are averaged). The total path then goes to the input of the correlator 16, if a vibrogram was entered into the drive 17, or directly to the random access memory 13, if the correlator 16 of the seismic station 9 was used.

From the output of the correlator 16 or drive 17, only those samples of the total trace that fall into the time window specified by the operator are recorded in the random access memory 13. In this case, data entry into the random access memory 13 is performed under the control of the program. Testing and tuning of the operation parameters of the correlator 16 processors, the drive 17 and the controllers of block 1 is also performed by software. Spent program blocks are stored in read-only memory 14 of the ROM, others are stored in random-access memory 13. The processor module 12 executes the program. The information entered into the random-access memory 13 is processed and transmitted using the external controller 18 to be transmitted to the standard signal generator 8 and through the radio channel in the blocks 11 control vibrators.

As actuating devices, a generator 8 of standard signals is used and, via a radio channel, to vibrator control units 11. For operation in the system, these units are equipped with a communication interface with a matching device 10, as well as a storage device for storing the approximated signal parameters received through the device 10.

After turning on the power using the power supply unit 5, the system displays the default table of parameters on the display screen 3 (see figure 3). In this case, the first row of the parameter table (see Fig. 3) determines the nature of the subsequent signal processing. If a vibrogram is entered, then the input data before writing to the random access memory 13 are processed by the correlator 16.

The second and third row of the table (see figure 3) set the number of seismic channels to the controller 18 of the external devices, the data of which are to be processed. Information from the selected channels is fed to the input of the drive 17, where the average summass is calculated. The result of the summation may go beyond the discharge grid of the accumulator adder 17. In order to avoid overflow, preliminary input data scaling is performed. For these purposes, use the parameter entered in the fourth row of the table.

The fifth row of the table (see figure 3) determines the level of random noise introduced into the summass before correlation. The need for the latter is due to the fact that, to reduce hardware costs, the correlator is made according to the sign correlation algorithm.

This algorithm assumes that at the output of the correlator 16 there is a signal with a signal to noise ratio (p _{s / w} ) equal to p _{s / s} <1. Otherwise, distortions of the output signal (that is, distortions of its spectrum) of the “amplitude limit” type are possible.

The sixth row of the table (see figure 3) sets the quantization interval of the input information in time. The seventh row of the table determines (after appropriate recounting when configuring the controller 18 external devices) the serial number of the first and last samples of the input summass. In the process of analyzing the entered data, the parameters of the seventh row may change (within the originally entered boundaries).

The eighth row of the table (see figure 3) determines the frequency range in which the input signal will be analyzed. The range determined for analysis should be within the frequency range of the chirp signal. During the analysis, the parameters of the eighth row of the table may change. At the end of the analysis, the parameters of the eighth line determine the initial and final frequencies of the NLFM signal.

The ninth row of the table (see figure 3) sets its required length. The tenth row parameter indirectly determines the number of sub-intervals of the NLFM signal. It should be borne in mind that the greater the number of approximation levels, the higher the accuracy of calculating the optimal signal, and the more scan sub-intervals, the longer it takes to transmit the NLFM parameters of the signal over the air to the vibrator control units 11.

The parameters listed above are also affected by the parameter specified by the eleventh row of the table (see figure 3). The spectrum of the original signal is smoothed, becomes smoother with an increase in the smoothing interval. Thereby, the influence of the spectrum analysis window and the interference of several waves on the signal calculation result is reduced. The parameters of the last two rows of the table determine the output of graphical information on the display screen 3.

In the twelfth row of the table (see figure 3) sets the size of the image in amplitude in fractions of the display screen 3. When the value of the parameter is equal to one, the graphic image (spectra, trace) will occupy the entire screen. The image method (deviation or variable width) is set in the last row of the table.

Immediately after entering the parameter table, the program switches to the correction mode. The block diagram of the correction algorithm is shown in figure 4. To enter a new parameter, you must enter the number of the corresponding row in the table (see figure 3) and the parameter itself. If correction is not required, the program recounts the entered system parameters and performs the configuration of external devices - the controller 18 of the external devices, the correlator 16 and the drive 17. After the setup, the readiness of the external devices for operation is checked. If all external devices are ready, the program enters the "Work" mode, and the system begins to function.

Otherwise, an unavailability message is displayed on the display screen 3.

The “Work” mode can be performed in the dialogue mode of the operator and the system, or according to a “hard” schedule. The block diagram of the algorithm according to the "hard" schedule is shown in Fig.5.

The first stage of the "Work" mode is to enter the source information (summass). As noted above, the summass is formed by the processors of the system under the control of the program. The beginning of the data entry into these processors is the time stamp of the seismic station 9. The beginning of the input of the summass in the random access memory 13 and the amount of input data are determined by the parameters of the analysis time window. The next step in the work is the calculation of the spectrum performed by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The calculated spectrum is smoothed, and the calculation result is used to find the boundary points F _i , T _{i of the} intervals of the piecewise linear approximation of the NLFM signal. Using the obtained F _i , T _{i, the} parameters of the intervals dF, dT are calculated, which are necessary to set the VLFM parameters of the standard signal generator to 8 vibrator control units 11. The sweep speed dF / dT is found in all the calculated intervals.

The found sweep speeds are compared with the maximum permissible for this type of vibrators. If in any interval the calculated speed exceeds the permissible, then the corresponding time of the interval T _i increases so that the calculated speed is equal to the permissible. The calculated parameters of the NLFM signal are transmitted over the air to the vibrator control units 11 and to the standard signal generator 8 for testing and to the operator on the display screen 3 for monitoring. In addition, the expected deterioration of the signal-to-noise ratio is calculated due to the redistribution of the radiated energy relative to the probing signal, which is also communicated to the operator. After that, the program again enters the parameter correction mode.

In addition, in the dialogue mode, after each processing step, the program displays the processing results in graphical form and, asking the operator about the need to complete the step with new parameters, switches to the parameter correction mode. After their correction, the program returns to the interrupted stage. If you refuse to correct the parameters, the program proceeds to the next stage of processing.

Thus, in the process of operation of this system in dialogue mode, you can control the shape of the signal entered into the RAM 13, specify the time parameters of the analysis window (the considered section of the summass stretches to the full screen), change the smoothing parameters and divide them into approximation intervals, controlling the number and location points F _i , change the initial and final frequencies of the calculated NLFM signal to achieve the best resolution with the least deterioration in the ratio p _{s / w} , Calculate its duration and calculate the predicted spectrum of the recorded signal.

It should be noted that the capabilities of the system can be expanded. In accordance with the adopted scheme, this system can implement the following operations.

Field observations begin with excitation by a single or a group of vibrators of the initial or "gauge" effect. Its parameters are selected based on the results of previous or experimental work. It is desirable that the frequency range of the calibration effect be large enough to evaluate the level of signals in a wide frequency band.

The oscillations recorded in the zones near and far from the vibrators are analyzed and the spectral characteristics of the waves are determined. It is possible to add traces to increase the reliability of the selected signals and the signal-to-noise ratio (signal / noise). Moreover, this system provides ample opportunities for the selection of the analyzed vibrations. It can be signals from the vibrator plate or in the zone closest to it, reflected or refracted waves in any time window and at any distances within the geophones arrangement. The analysis can be carried out according to vibrograms and correlograms.

A wide range of signals for analysis allows you to take into account: the resonant nature of the slab-soil system, changes in the conditions of transfer of loads and elastic properties in soils at each point of excitation or along the profile, as well as wave absorption.

Based on the data obtained, the system automatically determines the frequency defect and calculates a piecewise-continuous control signal with a variable sweep speed, based on the embedded algorithm, aimed at saturating the section with oscillations of the required frequency composition. The system transmits the encoded parameters of the control signal to the excitation point for subsequent processing by a group of vibrators. The same signal is stored by the seismic station 9 for subsequent correlation processing. One of many examples of obtaining the result when using the proposed method and system is presented in Fig.6, which illustrates how the results of seismic analysis look on the display screen 3 of a functioning system. At the same time, Fig. 6 shows the results of vibroseismic exploration during operations within the Caspian basin. For the installation of paths and wave spectra, the following notations are accepted:

A - calibration linear signal (16-80 Hz, T - 14 sec.)

B - correcting piecewise-continuous nonlinear signal.

In addition, the following notations are accepted: 1 - the result of the installation of circuits, the amplitude spectra of waves (as a result of analysis):

2 - direct waves (0.55-0.68 sec.) 3 and 4 - reflected waves (in the time intervals of 0.7-0.9 sec. And 1.4-1.5 sec., Respectively).

For the functioning of the equipment, the geophysicist must set the start and end time of the analysis window, trace numbers, frequency range and duration of the analyzed signals. All these parameters taken together allow for correction.

The system also allows multiple corrections in the process of working out the profile under sharp changes in surface or deep seismic and geological conditions.

Structurally, the main device of the system - block 1 of the analyzer is made in the form of a finished block of 120 × 320 × 300 mm in size on six boards of 235 × 220 mm in size. The breakdown of the component parts of this block on the boards corresponds to the functional partition. The analyzer unit 1 also includes a removable power supply unit 5 with a size of 120 × 320 × 300 mm. The power consumption of the analyzer unit is 1 - 24 V × 4 A. The mass of unit 1 of the analyzer with power supply unit 5 is 9.5 kg.

Vibrator control units 11 are connected to the analyzer unit 1 through a radio channel, consisting of an encoder 6 control commands and a decoder 7 control commands and radio stations. Seismic station 9 is connected to the analyzer block 1 through a matching device 10. The connection is made at the level of the connectors. Such a connection allows reading information not only during registration onto the tape, but also during playback from the tape, using the station’s viewing correlator as necessary.

Using the utility model allows to expand the functionality of the method and system by adjusting the parameters of the process of analyzing signals received during vibrational seismic exploration of a geological object.

Claims (8)

1. A system for vibrational seismic exploration of a geological object, comprising at least one control unit of vibrators designed to be located near the geological object, and a decoder control commands, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of at least one control unit of the vibrators connected to the unit power supply unit of the analyzer, which is connected to the first, second, third and fourth information inputs, respectively, with the outputs of the display, the node keyboard input control commands, generator of standard signals and a control command encoder, connected by a communication channel to a control command decoder, located near the geological object, a seismic station, which is connected to the sixth information inputs of the analyzer block by the first conclusions through the matching device and connected to the inputs of the standard signal generator by the second conclusions. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the analyzer unit is connected by a fifth information input to the output of the tape drive. 3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the analyzer unit comprises a processor module interconnected by a system bus, random access memory, read-only memory, display module, correlator, storage device and external device controller configured to connect standard signals to the generator while the display module is configured to connect to a display, a magnetic tape drive, and a keypad submission of a control command. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the analyzer unit is operable in an interactive interactive mode with the possibility of processing signals by spectral correlation analysis methods. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the analyzer unit is capable of processing signals to represent them graphically on a display. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the analyzer unit is configured to quantize signals in time. 7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the analyzer unit is configured to process signal spectra using a fast Fourier transform. 8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the analyzer unit is configured to conduct a frequency analysis of the signals in a predetermined frequency range.