RU111390U1 - UNIVERSAL DRAG FOR BATTERING AND HIDDEN HYDROBIONTS - Google Patents

Abstract

 A universal dredge for fishing bottom and burrowing aquatic organisms, containing a metal frame structure formed from the front, rear and two opposite sides, a pair of runners located along the entire length of the sides, with holes for attaching a warp, a comb with teeth fixed to it, located between lateral sides, and a filler bag, characterized in that the frame structure along the upper part of the perimeter is additionally equipped with stiffeners, the side of the dredge is made of solid meta A sheet of metal in which holes for attaching the comb are made at different levels, while the holes for attaching the front axis of the comb are located on an arc of a circle whose center is the attachment point of the rear axle, and the radius of the circle is equal to the distance between the front and rear axles, the comb consists of the front and the rear axles, on which the teeth are mounted and rigidly fixed, while the tooth is made with two holes through which the front and rear axles are threaded, the axes are bolted to the sides of the structure, and The central axis is attached to one of the holes on the side of the dredge, depending on the depth of habitat in the soil of the caught hydrobionts, and the comb is mounted on the rear axis so that when the bolts are loosened, the comb can rotate on the axis, in addition, in the upper part of the side dredges made additional holes for mounting the warp.

Description

The invention relates to industrial fishing and can be used in the extraction of bottom and burrowing marine hydrobionts, such as sea urchins, sea cocks, non-burrowing bivalve mollusks such as scallops and burrowing mollusks such as spizula, maktra, and the like.

Dredge is a net trawl on a metal frame used for mining bottom and burrowing objects. Dredges can be divided into three main types: for fishing, burrowing bivalves and attached objects, for example, mussels. Taking into account the biological characteristics of the mollusks and the type of soil on which the dredge moves, the most suitable dredge design is selected, which differs in the shape and size of the frame, the presence of a comb, as well as the possibility of using hydraulic washing. The species and size features of some bivalve mollusks, types of habitats and depths are presented in Table 1.

The table shows that, depending on the type of mollusk, the biological and commercial size of the shell, the habitats vary, as well as the depth of their digging into the ground. All these indicators must be considered when designing a dredge. When substantiating the characteristics of the dredge comb, it is necessary to choose the length of the teeth, which allows to extract the studied species. The distance between the teeth of the comb is chosen so that the shell of the mollusk does not break and does not pass between the teeth. When dredging, it is desirable to have a minimum supply of soil into the net bag, which we achieve by setting runners with a width sufficient for this soil.

Distribution of bivalves of the Far Eastern seas.

An object The size of the sink (industrial size), mm Weight gr Soils Depth of distribution, m Burrowing Depth, cm Fishing gear Anadar Broughton 128 (80) 380 Silt sand 1.5-20 10-25 Dredge Spizula Sakhalin 127 (70) 434 Silt Sand, Sand 0.5-15 twenty Dredge Spizula War 145 (70) Sand Gravel, Pebble, Shell 5-74 fifteen Dredge Maktra Chinese 80 (45) 71 Sand, Il Sand 1.5-16 fifteen Dredge Glycerimes seaside 58 (40) Sand gravel 1.5-4 10 Dredge Stimpson's script 100 (55) 250 Sand, Silt, Gravel, Pebble 3-45 twenty Dredge Filipino cockerel 70 (30) thirty Sand, Gravel-Pebble, 0.5-4 (1-3) 10 Dredge Kallitaka Adams 83 (50) 104 Silt, silt 5-35 10-20 Dredge Veined peronidia 86 (55) Sand, Il Sand 2-7 10 Dredge Mia Japanese 140 (80) 171 Silt, Sand, Silt-Sand-Gravel 1.5-30 10 Dredge

Known dredge for fishing burrowing scallop mollusks (Guide to coastal fisheries edited by V.M. Datsun, Vladivostok, 1999, pp. 142-143), which has a rectangular frame, a narrow sharpened plate (knife is welded at an angle to the bottom edge of the frame) ) A bag made of a steel cable, rings or a double cord case is attached to the frame.

The disadvantage of this device is that this device can only be mined for mollusks that are in the top soil layer of 5-10 cm.

Known creeping dredge for fishing deeply burrowing mollusks (10-30 cm or more) (Coastal fisheries guide edited by V.M.Datsun, Vladivostok, 1999, pp. 145-146), which has a rectangular frame to the bottom edge a row of teeth is welded at an angle to the frame. The frame and the entrance of the bag are attached from the bottom at the edges to two narrow support plates that act as runners. Crawling dredges allow you to adjust the angle of attack of the teeth relative to the surface of the soil. The bag is made of a steel cable, rings or double cord case. Vaier is attached to runners.

The disadvantage of this dredge is that with this device it is possible to extract deeply buried mollusks only on loose (silty) soils, and on dense soils - mollusks that are in the upper soil layer due to the fact that at large angles of attack of the teeth on dense soils are deformed, and fishing efficiency is reduced.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of essential features is dredge for fishing of mollusks (US patent No. 4827635 from 07/22/1988, IPC ⁴ А01К 75/00, Bivalve dredge for collecting mollusks). Dredge consists of a metal frame construction - front, rear, two opposite sides and a pair of runners located along the entire length of the sides. The device comprises a horizontal support plate located between the sides. Teeth are fixed on a horizontal plate (comb), which are inclined down and forward, forming sharp corners with runners

The disadvantage of this device is that a horizontal plate with teeth is stationary fixed to the sides, which allows you to get mollusks only at one depth in the ground.

The objective of the invention is to create a universal dredge, which allows you to adjust the penetration of the teeth of the comb into the soil depending on the species of mollusks that are taken into account, taking into account the depth of their living in the soil, as well as the exclusion of deformation of the dredge and its digging into the ground during fishing.

The problem is solved in that in the known device containing a metal frame structure formed of front, rear and two opposite sides, a pair of runners located along the entire length of the sides, with holes for attaching a warp, comb with teeth fixed to it, located between the sides and the bag, the filler frame structure along the upper part of the perimeter is additionally equipped with stiffeners, the side of the dredge is made of a solid metal sheet, in which m, holes for attaching the comb are made at different levels, while the holes for attaching the front axis of the comb are located on an arc of a circle whose center is the attachment point of the rear axle, and the radius of the circle is equal to the distance between the front and rear axles, the comb consists of the front and rear axles, which teeth are mounted and rigidly fixed, wherein the tooth is made with two holes through which the front and rear axles are threaded, the axes are bolted to the sides of the structure, and the front axle is attached to one from holes on the side of the dredge, depending on the depth of habitat in the soil of the caught hydrobionts, and the comb is mounted on the rear axle so that when the bolts are loosened, the comb can rotate on the axis, in addition, additional holes are made in the upper part of the side of the dredge for fastening the warp.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the dredge; figure 2 - comb; figure 3 General view of the tooth dredge from the side and top with a section I-I of the front of the tooth; figure 4 the attachment point of the front and rear axles of the comb to the sides of the dredge.

Dredge (Figure 1) consists of a housing, the side walls 1 of which are made of sheet iron of a certain thickness. To give strength and to prevent deformation of the dredge during towing, it is additionally equipped with stiffeners in the form of metal pipes 2, which are welded between the sides 1, and metal pipes 3 are welded to the upper edge of the side 1. Runners are fixed along the entire length of the lower edge of the side 4 to prevent dredging in the ground. On the side 1, holes 5 are made for attaching a mustache to which the fan is attached, as well as holes 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 for attaching a comb 12. For the convenience of attaching the mustache to the hole 5, cutouts 6 are provided in the runners 4. Comb (FIG. .2) 12 consists of the front 17 and rear 18 axles and teeth 13. The tooth (Figure 3) 13 is made of a tooth-shaped steel plate, a metal bar 14 is welded to the top of the tooth perpendicular to the plane of the steel plate, which exceeds the plate thickness and thereby gives additional rigidity to the tooth. Two holes 15 and 16 are made in the tooth, into which the front 17 and rear 18 axis of the comb are inserted, which are made of a metal rod. At the ends of the axes (Figure 4), an internal thread is made for screwing in the bolts when connecting the axes to the sides 1 of the dredge.

The comb is made by inserting and welding the teeth to the front axis 17 through the hole 15 and the rear axis 18 through the hole 16 at a distance corresponding to the fishing size of the extracted mollusk.

Axes 17 and 18 are provided with threaded holes 19 at their ends. The formed comb is attached to the side walls 1 through one of the holes 7, 8, 9, 10 with the front axle 17 and through the hole 11 with the rear axle 18, respectively, using the holes 19 with bolts 20. The holes 7, 8, 9, 10 are located on the circular arc, the center which is the attachment point of the rear axle 18 to the hole 11, the radius of the circle is determined by the distance between the front 17 and the rear axles 18.

The landing of the comb 12 on the side walls is made in such a way that when the bolts 20 are completely retracted from the front axle 17, the comb has the ability to rotate with the rear axle 18 on the loose bolts. The front axle 17, depending on the depth of the fished mollusks, can be attached to one of the four holes 7-10 on the side 1 of the dredge. When fishing for mollusks lying on the ground, the front axis 17 of the comb 12 is attached to the upper hole 7, and the deeper the mollusks dig into the ground, the lower the attachment point of the front axis 17. The dredge design allows you to adjust the depth of the teeth of the comb from 22 to 250 cm, which It is quite enough to catch various species of mollusks in the Far Eastern seas.

The proposed design shows four holes for regulating the deepening of the teeth of the comb, but at the request of the customer, the holes can be one (in the case of fishing for a specific object) or more than four (for smooth adjustment of the deepening of the teeth of the comb) when fishing a large number of species of mollusks in the fishing area.

Dredge works as follows.

With the help of a towing warp, passed through the warrier block, the dredge is lowered from the deck of the vessel along the slip. Moving in low speed, and pickling the fan, the dredge is lowered to the ground. When towing dredges, runners 4 slide on the ground, and comb 12 burrows into the ground to a certain depth and collects hydrobionts along with the ground. In the process of towing sludge, sand and small stones are sifted through the mesh of the storage bag, which is not shown in the figures. Hydrobionts and large fractions of soil accumulate in the net bag-drive. Depending on the size of the objects to be caught, the selective mesh size in the net bag is selected.

Lifting dredges and catching are carried out in the usual way. On deck, the catch is sorted and the dredge is preparing for the next setting.

The proposed dredge allows fishing for mollusks, both on loose and dense soils at various depths and to catch hydrobionts both lying on the ground and buried in the ground.

Claims (1)

A universal dredge for fishing bottom and burrowing aquatic organisms, containing a metal frame structure formed from the front, rear and two opposite sides, a pair of runners located along the entire length of the sides, with holes for attaching a warp, a comb with teeth fixed to it, located between lateral sides, and a filler bag, characterized in that the frame structure along the upper part of the perimeter is additionally equipped with stiffeners, the side of the dredge is made of solid meta A sheet of metal in which holes for attaching the comb are made at different levels, while the holes for attaching the front axis of the comb are located on an arc of a circle whose center is the attachment point of the rear axle, and the radius of the circle is equal to the distance between the front and rear axles, the comb consists of the front and the rear axles, on which the teeth are mounted and rigidly fixed, while the tooth is made with two holes through which the front and rear axles are threaded, the axes are bolted to the sides of the structure, and The central axis is attached to one of the holes on the side of the dredge, depending on the depth of habitat in the soil of the caught hydrobionts, and the comb is mounted on the rear axis so that when the bolts are loosened, the comb can rotate on the axis, in addition, in the upper part of the side dredges made additional holes for mounting the warp.