RU110308U1 - FOUR-BOIL FORGING DEVICE FOR FORGING PRESSES - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. Four-forging device for forging presses, containing holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined planes, kinematically associated holders of side strikers with inclined planes corresponding to the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, mounted for movement relative to the holders of the upper and lower strikers and associated with them by means of distributing guides, antifriction plates mounted on the inclined planes of the strikers holders, and four strikers and with working surfaces, characterized in that the center of mass of the system “side striker holder - side striker” does not extend beyond the longitudinal section of the side striker holder, distributing guides are installed on the side surfaces of the striker holders or on the inclined planes of the striker holders in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device, or on the lateral surfaces and on the inclined planes of the holders of the strikers in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device, the inner plane of the guide rails are made covering oskosti adjacent holders of the strikers or parts rigidly fixed to these holders of the strikers, with the formation of a locking connection, while in the lower part of the inclined plane of each holder of the side striker there are protrusions in which antifriction plates abut, the working surface of each striker in cross section consists of a central working section and two lateral, the maximum width of the working surface of the striker (bmax) and the length of the sliding surface of the antifriction plate (1) are connected by the ratio bmax / 1 <1,5. ! 2. Device

Description

The utility model relates to the field of metal forming, namely, four-sided forging devices and can be used for forging ingots and billets of various steels and alloys on forging presses, including hydraulic forging presses.

The utility model can be used in the engineering and metallurgical industries in the manufacture of products with an elongated axis, for example, rods, columns, intermediate shafts, torsion shafts, rolls of rolling mills and the like, as well as in the production of forged billets from ingots and rolled from carbon, medium alloyed, tool and high alloyed steels and alloys, as well as non-ferrous metals and alloys.

It is known four-sided forging device containing strikers, the working surface of each of which is formed by several planes, holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined glide planes and holders of side strikers made with inclined glide planes corresponding to the mentioned planes of glide of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, installed with the ability to move relative to the holders of the upper and lower strikers and associated with them through eight, mounted on the holders, U-shaped cross-section guides, the inner planes of which are made covering the planes of the die holders with the formation of a locking joint (RU 2282517 C2, IPC (2006.01) B21J 1/04, 13/00, 7/16, op. 08.28.2006).

This device provides high productivity of the forging process and high quality metal obtained forgings.

However, this design does not provide high reliability and durability of the device.

Closest to the proposed four-side forging device is a device (RU 2314175 C2, IPC (2006.01) B21J 13/02, op. 10.01.2008), containing holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined planes, kinematically associated with them two holders of side strikers with inclined planes corresponding to the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, by means of lateral distributing guides of the F-shaped cross section, centering guides mounted on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower the strikers or on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers in one or several planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the device, and placed in the centering grooves formed by the walls of the grooves, made on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strips or holders of the upper and lower strikers, and the lateral planes of the anti-friction plates, holders mounted on inclined planes.

This design provides a sufficiently long service life of the device without repairs associated with the formation of scoring on the working surfaces of antifriction plates.

A disadvantage of the known forging device is that it does not provide a high process productivity, as well as a sufficiently high reliability of the device due to possible breakdowns of its individual parts and their increased wear.

The objective of the utility model is to create a four-flange forging device for forging presses, in which structural changes reduce the possibility of breakdown of individual parts by improving the reliability of their fastening, smooth movement without distortions and scoring, wear, which leads to an increase in the life of the device without repairs, reliability its work, the productivity of the forging process and the quality of the obtained forgings.

To achieve the specified technical result in a four-sided forging device for forging presses containing holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined planes, kinematically connected to them holders of the side strikers with inclined planes corresponding to the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, mounted for movement relative to the upper holders and lower strikers and associated with them by means of distributing guides, antifriction plates mounted on on the sloping planes of the striker holders, and four strikers with working surfaces, the new fact is that the center of mass of the “side striker-side striker holder” system does not extend beyond the longitudinal section of the side striker holder, the distributing guides are installed on the side surfaces of the striker holders or on inclined planes holders of the strikers in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device, or on the side surfaces and on inclined planes of holders of the strikers in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device, inner planes spreading rails are made covering the planes of adjacent holders of the strikers or parts rigidly fixed on these holders of the strikers, with the formation of a lock connection, while in the lower part of the inclined plane of each holder of the side striker there are protrusions against which antifriction plates abut, the working surface of each striker, in the transverse cross-section, consists of a central working section and two lateral ones, while the maximum width of the working surface of the striker (b _max ) and the length of the sliding surface are antifriction ion plate (1) are connected by the ratio b _max / 1≤1.5.

The achievement of the technical result is also facilitated by the fact that, depending on the design features of the device manufactured for forging specific workpieces, simplifying its manufacture, assembly and operation:

- the width of the central working section of the striker (b _s ) and the length of the striker (L) are connected by the following ratio b _c / L = 0.2-1.1;

- the holder of the lower striker may have a cross-section T-shaped with a wide; part from the side of its supporting surface;

- the holders of the upper and lower strikers may have a T-shape in cross section with a wide part from the side of their supporting surfaces;

- on the side surfaces of the holders of the strikers can be installed eight distributing guides;

- on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, centering guides can be installed in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device, and on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers, two anti-friction plates of a U-shaped cross section, which with their sides form a groove of a rectangular cross section , in which the centering guides enter, and others cover the lateral planes of the holders of the side strikers;

- on the inclined planes of the holders of the strikers, in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device, four distributing guides made in the form of an I-beam can be installed in the T-grooves;

- on the inner planes of the distributing guides, providing a movable contact in the castle connection, there may be an antifriction coating;

- the device can also be equipped with at least two centering guides-columns mounted in the holder of the lower striker, symmetrically with respect to the vertical and longitudinal planes of its symmetry, and the holder of the upper striker is spring-loaded with respect to the holder of the lower striker with the possibility of moving the holder of the upper striker relative to the holder of the lower striker in column guides under the action of springs;

- pairs of distributing guides located on the lateral surfaces of the strikers holders symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device can be fixed in pairs on the side surfaces of the holders of the upper and lower strikers using pins, studs or bolts passing through these strikers holders parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device;

- distributing guides can be fixed on the side surfaces of the striker holders with the help of pins, studs or bolts located in a plane perpendicular to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device;

- the strikers can be fixed on the holders of the strikers with the help of pins, pins or bolts passing through these holders of the strikers, parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device, and clamps;

- the device can also be equipped with a system for supplying lubricant to rubbing surfaces, while the central channels for supplying lubricant to the device pass through the holders of the side strikers, parallel to the sliding planes of the antifriction plates;

- the device can also be equipped with a cooling system for strikers containing hoses and channels located in the holders of the strikers and strikers, while in the body of each striker there is at least one channel located under the central working section of the striker, parallel to its surface;

- anti-friction plates mounted on top holders

and the lower strikers, can also be made of bronze, and antifriction plates mounted on the holders of the side strikers - of steel;

- anti-friction plates can also be made of composite material containing high-temperature polyamide and long-fiber carbon with the addition of graphite filler used for the manufacture of self-lubricating plain bearings,

The inventive four-side forging device for forging presses is illustrated in figures 1-35.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the four-forging device in statics, front view (when driving strikers); figure 2 is a General view of the four-sided device, side view, figure 3 is a General view of the four-sided forging device (front view), with four distributing rails mounted on the side surfaces of the holder of the upper striker; figure 4 is a General view of the four-forging device (side view), with four upper distributing rails; figure 5 - four-sided forging device in the open position; figure 6 - view C (option I) in figure 5; in Fig.7 - view C (option II) in Fig.5: Fig.8 - view C (option III) in Fig.5; figure 9 is a section D-D (option I) in figure 1; figure 10 - cross section D-D (option II) in figure 1; figure 11 is a section D-D (option III) in figure 1; in Fig.12 is a view of T in Fig.5; on Fig - four-sided forging device with distributing guides mounted on the inclined planes of the holders of the strikers (front view); on Fig - four-sided forging device with distributing guides mounted on the inclined planes of the holders of the strikers (side view); on Fig - section aa (option I) in Fig.13; in Fig.16 is a section aa (option II) in Fig.13; on Fig - section aa (option III) in Fig.13; on Fig - section aa (option IV) in Fig.13; on Fig - section aa (option V) in Fig.13; on

Fig.20 is a section aa (option VI) in Fig.13; on Fig - section aa (option VII) in Fig.13; on Fig - four-forging device with distributing rails mounted on the side surfaces of the holder of the upper striker or holders of the side strikers and on the inclined planes of the holders of the strikers (front view); in Fig.23 is a section bb in Fig.22; on Fig - four-sided forging device with distributing rails mounted on the side surfaces of the holder of the lower striker or holders of the side strikers and on the inclined planes of the holders of the strikers; in Fig.25 is a section CC in Fig.24; on Fig - center of mass of the holder of the side striker with a side striker (complete); on Fig is a longitudinal section of the holder of the side striker; in Fig.28 is a view A in Fig.5; on Fig - firing pin, front view; on Fig - firing pin, side view; on Fig - four-sided forging device with centering guide-columns and springs; on Fig - four-sided forging device, in which on the side surfaces of the holders of the strikers using pins, studs or bolts located in a plane perpendicular to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device; in Fig.33 is a cross-section EE in Fig.1; in Fig.34 is a section N-N in Fig.28; in Fig.35 is a General view of the four-forging device in dynamics (in the process of crimping the workpiece).

Q-Q is the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device.

U-U is the vertical plane of symmetry of the device.

Four-forging device for forging presses contains a holder 1 of the upper striker, holder 2 of the lower striker, holders 3, 4 of the side strikers, strikers 5-8, distributing guides 9-16 (Figs. 1, 2). The holder 2 of the lower striker has places for its rigid fastening to the lower press plate (not shown) using grooves 17, 18, for example, the dovetail type, or using special clamps. The holder 1 of the upper striker may also have attachment points 19, 20, for rigid attachment to the upper plate mounted on the press beam.

Both holders 1, 2 of the strikers are fixed rigidly to the press in the case when the press beam (not shown) is used to move the upper holder 1 of the upper one. In those cases when springs 21 are used to lift the holder 1 of the upper striker, there is no attachment of the holder of the upper striker 1 to the movable traverse of the press (Fig. 31).

The holders 3, 4 of the side strikers 5, 7 have inclined planes 22-25, corresponding to the inclined planes 26-29 of the holders 1, 2 of the upper striker 6 and the lower striker 8 and are kinematically connected to them by means of distributing guides 9-16 or 42-45, providing reciprocating motion of the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers (Figs. 1-11, 15-21). On the inclined planes 22-29 of the holders of 1-4 strikers, anti-friction plates 30-37 are installed, which reduce friction between the holders of the strikers during their mutual movement. Several installation of distributing guides and their number are possible. Figure 1, 2 shows a variant, eight distributing rails 9-16 are installed on the side surfaces of the holders 1, 2 of the upper and lower strikers. With this arrangement of the distributing guides on the lateral surfaces of the holders 1, 2 of the strikers, the most smooth movement of the latter is achieved, without jamming and distortions. The operation of the device can also be provided with the help of four distributing guides 10, 11, 14, 15 mounted on the side surfaces of the holder 1 of the upper striker (Fig. 3, 4). In this case, when the holder 1 of the upper striker is raised up, the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers are lowered by gravity down four distributing guides 10, 11, 14, 15.

There are several options for attaching distributing rails on the side surfaces of the striker holders.

The first, well-known, option for fastening the distributing guides 9-16 is that they are fixed motionless on the holder 1 of the upper striker and the holder 2 of the lower striker, and the inner plane of the distributor is in contact with the plane covered by it, made on the holder 3 or holder 4 of the side strikers, or with the plane of the part, rigidly on the holder of the side striker, for example, with the plane of the antifriction plate 33, 41 (Figs. 1, 6-8). However, not in all cases, this mounting of the distributing guides provides the required high level of assembly of the device and the maximum turnaround time of its service. There is also a second option for securing the distributing guides, namely that the distributing guide is mounted on the holder of the side striker, and its inner plane is movably in contact with the covered plane made on the holder of the upper or lower striker, or with the plane of the part rigidly fixed on the holder of the upper and lower striker, for example, with the plane of the antifriction plate (not shown).

On the inclined planes of the holders 1, 2, centering guides 38, 39 can be located, which fit into the grooves of a rectangular cross-section in the holders 3, 4 (Figs. 6-8, 12). Using the centering guides 38, 39, the lateral displacements of the holders 1-4 are reduced and higher forging accuracy is achieved. Grooves of a rectangular cross section, in the plane of transverse symmetry of the device into which the centering guides enter, can be formed by anti-friction plates 33, 41 of a rectangular section or a U-shaped cross section (Figs. 6-8). In this case, the anti-friction plates 33, 41 of the U-shaped cross section in contact with the anti-friction plates 32, 40, with one of their sides, can form a groove of a rectangular cross section into which the centering guides 38, 39 enter, and with others they can cover the lateral planes of the holders 3, 4. Then, the inner planes of the distributing guides 9-16 cover antifriction plates 33, 34, providing movable contact with them when lifting the holder 1. This design is simpler to manufacture and assemble.

The inner planes of the distributing guides 9-16 installed on the lateral surfaces of the strikers holders, as well as the planes of holders of holders or parts that are rigidly fixed on the holders of the strikers covered by them “locked” (with the possibility of relative movement), are oriented, each, at an angle α = 0 -170 ° to the plane of attachment of the distributing guide on the striker holder (Figs. 9-11).

This ensures a smooth, without distortion, sliding of the holders of the side strikers relative to the holders of the upper and lower strikers. At angles α> 170 °, distortions of the holders of the side strikers, their jamming and breakage of the distributing guides are possible.

Distributing guides can also be made in the form of an I-beam 42-45 (Fig.13-21). They are mounted on the inclined planes of the die holders, in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the Q-Q device. There are several options for installing the distributing guides 42-45, made in the form of an I-beam, on the inclined planes of the holders of the strikers, in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the Q-Q device (Fig.13-21). The first, well-known option, the installation of the distributing guides is that all four distributing guides 42-45 are fixed motionless on the holders 3, 4, and the inner plane of each distributing guide is movably in contact with the inner plane of the holders 1, 2 covered by it (Fig. 15) . This option provides reliable fastening of the distributing guides and their long work without breakdowns. However, not in all cases, such mounting of the guide rails can be done due to the complexity of manufacturing the grooves for mounting in the holders of the side strikers and the grooves in the holders of the upper and lower strikers.

Therefore, the second variant of installation of the distributing guides is possible, which consists in the fact that all four distributing guides 42-45 are fixed motionless on the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers, and the inner plane of each distributing guide is movably in contact with the antifriction plate 32 that it covers (35) and 31 (36), rigidly mounted on the holder 1 of the upper and the holder 2 of the lower strikers (Fig.16). This option is easier to manufacture, since it does not require the manufacture of complex T-grooves in the holders of the side strikers. It also provides a secure fit for the guide rails.

It is possible to install the distributing guides, namely, that all four distributing guides 42-45 are fixed motionless on the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers with anti-friction plates 33 (34) and 30 (37), and the inner plane of each distributing guide is movably in contact with the envelope the plane of the anti-friction plate 32 (35) and 31 (36), rigidly fixed to the holder 1 of the upper and the holder 2 of the lower strikers (Fig.17). This option is much easier to manufacture the previous ones, since it does not require the manufacture of complex T-grooves in the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers, as well as in the holders 1, 2 of the upper and lower strikers.

It is possible to install the distributing guides, which consists in the fact that all four distributing guides 42-45 are fixed motionless on the holder 1 of the upper striker and the holder 2 of the lower striker, and the inner plane of each guide is movably in contact with the inner plane of the holder 3 of the side striker and holder 4 side striker (not shown). This option provides reliable fastening of the distributing guides and their long work without breakdowns. However, this option of installing the guides may not be possible in all cases, since it is necessary to manufacture complex T-grooves in all holders of the strikers.

It is possible to install the distributing guides, which consists in the fact that all four distributing guides 42-45 are fixed motionless on the holder 1 of the upper striker and the holder 2 of the lower striker, and the inner plane of the guide is movably in contact with the inner plane of the antifriction plate covered by it, rigidly fixed to the holders 3 , 4 side strikers (Fig. 18). This option is simpler than the previous one, since it does not require the manufacture of complex T-grooves in the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers. At the same time, it provides reliable fastening of guides.

It is also possible to install the distributing guides, namely, that all four distributing guides 42-45 are fixed motionless on the holder 1 of the upper striker with antifriction plates 32 (35) and on the holder 2 of the lower striker with antifriction plates 31 (36), and the inner plane of each guide movably in contact with the inner plane of the anti-friction plates 33 (34) and 30 (37) covered by it, rigidly fixed to the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers (Fig. 19). This option is much simpler than the option shown in Fig. 18, since it does not require the manufacture of complex T-grooves in the holders of the upper and lower strikers.

There are also options for installing two distributing rails in the form of I-beams, which ensure the normal functioning of the forging device (Fig.20, 21). In this case, when lifting the holder 1 of the upper striker up, the holders 3, 4 of the side striker fall down under the action of gravity and the breeding of the strikers of the device occurs.

It is possible to install two distributing guides in the form of I-beams, in which both distributing guides 42 (43) are fixedly mounted on the holder 1 of the upper striker, and the inner plane of each distributing guide is movably in contact with the inner plane of the holder 3 and the holder 4 of the side striker (not shown). This option provides high reliability of distributing rails. However, not in all cases it can be implemented, since it requires the manufacture of complex T-shaped grooves in all holders of the strikers.

It is also possible to install two distributing guides, namely, that distributing guides 42 (43) are fixedly mounted on the holder 1 of the upper striker, and the inner plane of each distributing guide is movably in contact with the antifriction plate 33 (34) covered by it, which is rigidly fixed on the holders 3 , 4 side strikers (Fig. 20). This option is easier to manufacture the previous one, since it does not require the manufacture of complex T-grooves in the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers. At the same time, it provides reliable fastening of the distributing guides.

It is possible to install two distributing guides 42 (43), namely, that these guides are fixedly mounted on the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers, and the inner plane of each distributing guide is in contact with the antifriction plate 32 (35) covered by it, which is rigidly fixed on the holder 1 top striker (not shown). This provides distributing guides, but can not always be used due to the need to manufacture complex T-grooves in the holders of the side strikers.

It is possible to install two distributing guides 42 (43), namely, that these distributing guides are fixedly mounted on the holder 1 of the upper striker with anti-friction plates 32 (35), and the inner plane of each guide 42 (43) is movably in contact with the antifriction plate covered by it 33 (34), rigidly mounted on the holder 3, 4 of the side striker (Fig.21). This mounting rails installation option is easy to implement.

It is also possible to install two distributing guides 42 (43), namely, that these distributing guides are fixedly mounted on the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers with anti-friction plates 33 (34), and the inner plane of each guide 42 (43) is movably in contact with the envelope anti-friction plate 32 (35), rigidly mounted on the holder 1 of the upper striker (not shown). This mounting rails installation option is also notable for its simplicity, as it does not require the manufacture of complex T-grooves in the die holders.

It is also possible to install six distributing guides 10, 11, 14, 15, 44, 45, consisting in the fact that distributing guides 10, 11, 14, 15 are fixed on the side surfaces of the holder 1 of the upper striker (or holders 3, 4 of the side strikers) and on the inclined surfaces of the holder 2 of the lower striker (or the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers), in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the QQ device, distributing guides 44, 45 are fixed (Fig. 22, 23). This option can be used when it is easier to implement other options and distributing rails do not interfere with the installation of other equipment on this device.

It is also possible to install six distributing guides 9, 12, 13, 16, 42, 43, which consists in the fact that distributing guides 9, 12, 13, 16 are fixed on the side surfaces of the holder 2 of the lower hammer (or holders 3, 4 of the side hammer) and on the inclined planes of the holder 1 of the upper striker (or the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers), distributing guides 42, 43 are fixed (Figs. 24, 25). This option can be used in cases where for some structural or technological reasons it is necessary to free up space on the side surfaces of the holder of the upper striker or the holders of the side strikers.

Thus, in the inventive four-flange forging device for forging presses, various installation options for distributing guides of different designs are possible. The above installation options for distributing rails, which are not the only possible ones, ensure their reliable fastening, long-term operation without breakdowns, and, in some cases, ease of execution.

On the inner planes of the distributing guides 9-16, 42-45, providing a movable contact in the castle connection, can be applied antifriction coating 46 (6-11, 15-21, 23, 25). This significantly reduces friction between the contacting planes, eliminates the appearance of scoring on these planes and allows to increase the overhaul life of the distributing guides. As an antifriction coating, a bronze coating can be used, for example, of the brand BrAZhMts 10-3-1.5.

The holders 3, 4 of the side strikers 5, 7 of the four-sided forging device in longitudinal section have a preferred trapezoid shape (Figs. 1, 26, 27). At the same time, the center of mass 47 of the system “side striker holder - side striker" does not extend beyond the longitudinal section of the holder 3 of the side striker 5 (Figs. 26, 27). This provides a smooth, without distortion, the movement of the system "holder of the side striker - side striker" during the reciprocating movements of the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers 5, 7 (Fig. 1). With such movements of the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers 5, 7, uniform production of antifriction plates 30-37 or 40, 41 is achieved over their entire surface, as well as the uniformity of the development of the sliding surfaces of the distributing guides 9-16 or 42-45, which increases the service life of these antifriction plates and distributing guides. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the time between repairs of quickly wearing parts of the forging device. If the center of mass 47 of the system "side striker-side striker holder" extends beyond the longitudinal section of the side striker holder, then the entire mobile system "side striker-side striker holder" at certain open positions of the device begins to "fall", exerting increased pressure on individual sections antifriction plates and distributing guides. This increases the unevenness of the production of anti-friction plates and distributing guides, which leads to a decrease in the time between repairs of these parts.

In the lower part of the inclined plane 22-25 of each holder 3, 4 of the side striker there are protrusions 48, 49, which abut anti-friction plates 30-37, 40, 41, 50 (Figs. 1, 5-8, 28). These protrusions provide reliable fastening of antifriction plates. In the absence of such protrusions, it is possible to cut off the mounting screws 51 holding the anti-friction plates 33, 50 on the inclined planes of the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers, their sliding off these inclined planes and breaking (Fig. 28).

The working surface of each striker, in cross section, consists of a central working section 52 and two lateral 53, 54 (Fig.29, 30). The maximum width of the working surface of the striker (b _max ) and the length of the sliding surface of the antifriction plate (1) are related by the relation:

b _max / 1≤1.5.

With this ratio, the life of the device without repair is significantly increased. This is due to the fact that the specific pressures on the surface of the antifriction plates do not exceed the permissible ones.

At b _max > 1.5, the specific pressures on the surface of the antifriction plates can exceed the permissible ones, which will lead to the appearance of scoring on them and the overhaul life of the device will be significantly reduced.

In the design of the striker, the width of the central working portion of the striker (b _s ) and the length of the striker (L) can be related by the ratio:

b _s / L = 0.2-1.1.

This ratio provides maximum productivity of the forging process in the inventive device and, at the same time, high quality of the obtained forgings.

For 0.2> b _c / L> 1.1, the productivity of the forging process is significantly reduced, since the required supply and compression of the workpiece is not provided with such proportions of the sizes of the strikers.

The holder 2 of the lower striker may have a T-shape in cross section with a wide part 55 from the side of its supporting surface (Fig.2, 4). This is done for convenience during operation of the device and its maintenance during repairs. This design provides greater stability of the forging device during operation and allows you to reliably and rigidly fasten it to a wide supporting surface 55 to the bottom plate of the press (not shown) using grooves 17, 18, for example, such as a dovetail.

The holder 1 of the upper striker can also have a T-shape in cross section with a wide part 56 from the side of its supporting surface (Fig.2, 4). This allows you to evenly transfer the load to the forging unit during pressure on it from the upper movable crosshead of the press (not shown), as well as reliably and rigidly fix the forging device to its wide bearing surface 56 to the upper movable press plate using, for example, special grooves and clamps 19, 20.

The four-side forging device can be additionally equipped with at least two centering guide columns 57 installed in the holder 2 of the lower hammer, symmetrically with respect to the vertical UU and longitudinal QQ planes of its symmetry, with the possibility of vertical movement in these guide columns 57 of the holder 1 of the upper the striker, which is made by a spring-loaded spring 21 relative to the holder 2 of the lower striker (Fig. 31).

Pairs of distributing guides 9-16, located on the side surfaces of the holders 1-4 of the strikers, symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the QQ device, can be mounted in pairs on the side surfaces of the holder 1 of the upper and the holder 2 of the lower strikers using pins, studs or bolts 58 passing through these brackets holders parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry of the UU device (Fig.2, 4, 6-11).

Distributing guides 9-16 located on the lateral surfaces of the holders 1-4 of the strikers can be secured with pins, studs or bolts 59 located in a plane perpendicular to the vertical plane of symmetry of the U-U device (Fig. 32). To make such a fastening of the guide rails 9-16 in some cases may be easier than fastening the guide rails shown in FIG. 2.

The strikers 5-8 of the four-sided forging device on the holders 1-4 can be fixed using pins, studs of bolts 60 passing through these holders of the strikers parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry U-U, and clamps 61 (Fig.1, 33). This provides 1-4 even when they are heated to high temperatures during operation.

Four-forging device can be equipped with a system for supplying lubricant to rubbing surfaces, while the central channels 62 for supplying lubricant to the device pass through holders 3, 4 of the side strikers parallel to the sliding planes of antifriction plates 30-37 (Figs. 1, 5, 28, 34) . This ensures effective lubrication of the rubbing surfaces of the device.

The four-forging device can be equipped with a striker cooling system consisting of hoses (not shown) and channels 63 located in the holders 1-4 of the strikers and strikers 5-8, with at least one channel 63 located in the body of each striker under the Central working section 52 of the striker, parallel to its surface (Fig.1, 33). This achieves intensive heat removal from the working surface of the striker, which extends the period of ego operation before repair.

The antifriction plates 31, 32, 35, 36 mounted on the holders 1, 2 of the upper and lower strikers can be made of bronze, and the antifriction plates 30, 33, 34, 37 mounted on the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers are made of steel ( figure 1). As a bronze, for example, the brand BRAMts 10-3-1.5 can be used, and as steel, for example, the grade X12M.

Antifriction plates 30-37 or 40, 41 can also be made of composite material consisting of high-temperature polyamide and long-fiber carbon with the addition of graphite filler used for the manufacture of self-lubricating plain bearings (Figs. 1, 6-8). As such a material, for example, a composite material “Verkomp 200” can be used. The use of such a material provides a low coefficient of friction (0.18-0.25), high compression resistance (520 MPa) and low wear resistance at temperatures up to 320 ° C. It does not require lubrication on friction surfaces.

Four-sided forging device operates as follows.

The forging device is installed in the working area of the forging press. In this case, the holder 2 of the lower striker 8 is rigidly fixed to the lower press plate (not shown) (Fig. 35). The holder 1 of the upper striker 6 can also be rigidly fixed to the upper plate mounted on the movable crosshead of the press. In some cases, the holder 1 is not fixed on the upper plate of the press, if the forging device has springs for lifting it (Fig. 31). Before feeding the workpiece 64, the four-side forging device is opened to the required size due to the upward movement of the holder 1 of the upper striker using the movable crosshead of the press (or springs). When moving up the holder 1, the upper striker 6 moves with it, and at the same time the holder 1, using the distributing guides 9-16, opens the holders 3, 4 together with the side strikers 5, 7, opening the working space of the device (Fig. 35). After the strikers are divorced, a workpiece (not shown) is fed into the workspace. Then the working stroke of the press is switched on, in which its movable crosshead moves down the holder 1 together with the upper striker 6 towards the workpiece 64. The holder 1 of the upper striker through the inclined planes acts on the inclined planes of the holders 3, 4 of the side strikers, which thereby move together with lateral strikers 5, 7 in radial directions and to the lower striker 8 and begin to simultaneously compress the workpiece 64 (Fig. 35). After compression of the workpiece, the movable crosshead of the press together with the holder 1 and the upper striker 6 are moved up. The distributing guides 9-16 at the same time move the holders 3, 4 up and to the sides together with the side strikers 5, 7, thereby opening the working space of the forging device for longitudinal movement and / or rotation of the workpiece around the axis. After this, the compression cycle is repeated.

The operation of the four-sided forging device with distributing guides located on the inclined planes of the strikers holders is similar to the operation of the device with distributing guides located on the lateral surfaces of the strikers holders.

The proposed design of the four-forging device provides the following results:

- significantly increases the life of the device without repairs;

- the probability of sudden failure decreases, that is, the reliability of the device increases;

- significantly increases the productivity of the forging process. Industrial testing of four-forging forging devices, one of which was manufactured according to the proposed design, and the other according to the prototype, showed significant advantages of the claimed forging device. In the four-sided forging device of the proposed design, four distributing guides installed on the lateral surfaces of the upper striker holder and two distributing guides mounted on the inclined planes of the lower striker holder were used in the form of an I-beam. In the lower part of the inclined plane of each holder of the side striker there were protrusions against which antifriction plates made of X12M steel abutted. On the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers were installed anti-friction plates made of bronze brand BrAZhMts 10-3-1.5. The holders of the side strikers in longitudinal section had the shape of a trapezoid with the center of mass of the system “side striker holder - side striker”, not exceeding the longitudinal section of the side striker holder. On the inner planes of all the distributing guides providing contact in the castle connection, there was an antifriction coating made of bronze BrAZhMts 10-3-1.5. In addition, the following ratios were maintained:

b _max / 1 = 0.9 and b _s / L = 0.7,

where: b _max - the maximum width of the working surface of the striker;

1 - the length of the sliding surface of the antifriction plate;

b _with - the width of the Central working area striker;

L is the length of the striker.

In the inventive device there was a system for supplying lubricant to rubbing surfaces.

In four-forging forging devices, forged ingots weighing 5-7 tons from structural steels were forged on a hydraulic forging press with a force of 20 MN.

Before the first repair of the prototype forging device (the antifriction plate and one guide rail broke), 31,800 tons of forgings were forged. In addition, it was necessary to replace all other distributing guides and anti-friction plates due to their increased wear.

In the four-flange forging device of the claimed design, 75,900 tons of forgings with a diameter of 240 to 400 mm from structural steels were forged before the first repair. The tolerances for forgings were +1 mm. The surface quality of the forgings approximated the surface quality of the billets obtained by rolling. Damage to the anti-friction plates and distributing guides was not. Thus, the volume of produced forgings in the claimed design of the device compared to the prototype increased by 2.4 times.

In addition, due to the optimal ratio of the sizes of the strikers, the hourly productivity of the forging process in the device of the claimed design increased by 1.3 times compared with the hourly productivity in the forging prototype device.

Thus, the claimed design of the four-flange forging device for forging presses provides a longer maintenance-free life, increase the reliability of the device, significantly increase the productivity of the forging process to obtain forgings of high quality and accuracy.

Claims (16)

1. Four-forging device for forging presses containing holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined planes, kinematically associated holders of side strikers with inclined planes corresponding to the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, mounted for movement relative to the holders of the upper and lower strikers and associated with them by means of distributing guides, antifriction plates mounted on the inclined planes of the strikers holders, and four strikers and with working surfaces, characterized in that the center of mass of the system “side striker holder - side striker” does not extend beyond the longitudinal section of the side striker holder, the distributing guides are installed on the side surfaces of the striker holders or on the inclined planes of the striker holders in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device, or on the lateral surfaces and on the inclined planes of the die holders in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device, the inner planes of the distributing guides are made covering oskosti adjacent holders of the strikers or parts rigidly fixed on these holders of the strikers, with the formation of a locking connection, while in the lower part of the inclined plane of each holder of the side striker there are protrusions against which the antifriction plates abut, the working surface of each striker in cross section consists of a central working section and two lateral, the maximum width of the working surface of the striker (b _max ) and the length of the sliding surface of the antifriction plate (1) are connected by the ratio b _max / 1 <1,5. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the central working section of the striker (b _c ) and the length of the striker (L) are connected by the following ratio b _c / L = 0.2-1.1. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the holder of the lower striker has a T-shape in cross section with a wide part from the side of its supporting surface. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the holders of the upper and lower strikers have a T-shape in cross section with a wide part from the side of their supporting surfaces. 5. The device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that on the side surfaces of the holders of the strikers installed eight distributing guides. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, centering guides are installed in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device, and on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers, two anti-friction plates of U-shaped cross section are installed, which are one of their own the sides form a groove of rectangular cross-section with each other, into which the centering guides go, and with others they cover the lateral planes of the holders of the side strikers. 7. The device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that on the inclined planes of the die holders in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device in the T-grooves are four distributing guides made in the form of an I-beam. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inner planes of the distributing guides, providing movable contact in the castle connection, there is an antifriction coating. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with at least two centering guide columns installed in the holder of the lower striker symmetrically with respect to the vertical and longitudinal plane of its symmetry, and the holder of the upper striker is spring loaded relative to the holder of the lower striker the holder of the upper striker relative to the holder of the lower striker in the guide-columns from the action of the springs. 10. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the pairs of distributing guides located on the side surfaces of the strikers holders symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device are fixed in pairs on the side surfaces of the holders of the upper and lower strikers using pins, studs or bolts passing through these holders of strikers parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device. 11. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the distributing guides are fixed on the lateral surfaces of the holders of the strikers with the help of pins, studs or bolts located in a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the device. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the strikers are mounted on the holders of the strikers using pins, studs or bolts passing through these holders of the strikers parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device, and clamps. 13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a system for supplying lubricant to rubbing surfaces, while the central channels for supplying lubricant to the device pass through the holders of the side strikers parallel to the sliding planes of the antifriction plates. 14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a cooling system for the strikers, consisting of hoses and channels located in the holders of the strikers and strikers, while in the body of each striker there is at least one channel located under the central working section of the striker parallel to its surface. 15. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the antifriction plates mounted on the holders of the upper and lower strikers are made of bronze, and the antifriction plates mounted on the holders of the side strikers are made of steel. 16. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the antifriction plates are made of composite material consisting of high-temperature polyamide and long-fiber carbon with the addition of graphite filler used for the manufacture of self-lubricating plain bearings.