RU105200U1 - CYCLONE FILTER - Google Patents

Abstract

 A cyclone filter, including a housing with a lid, divided by a partition into dusty and purified gas chambers, a conical bottom and a dust outlet in the form of an annular channel and a filter element made of porous material with a connected structure, mounted in bearing units, made to rotate around its axis from an external source and located in the center of the housing, characterized in that the dusty gas chamber is made in the form of a truncated cone expanding downward, and the filter element is in the form of a narrowing downward from the truncated cone, while the lateral surface of the dusty gas chamber and the outer surface of the filter element form an annular channel expanding downward for a moving dusty gas, and the filter element is capable of short intermittent rotation around its axis in the direction opposite to the gas velocity vector, and while reducing its performance, the fitting for entering dusty gas is located in the upper part of the truncated cone of the chamber of dusty gas.

Description

The utility model relates to equipment designed for dry cleaning of gases from dust and can be used in chemical, food, construction, pharmaceutical, metallurgical and other industries, as well as in environmental processes for cleaning blast furnace gases and ventilation emissions.

Known conical cyclone, comprising a cylindrical part of low height and an elongated tapering part, turning into a nozzle for removing dust, a spiral inlet pipe with a small ratio of the diameter of the pipe to the cylindrical part of the cyclone, the exhaust pipe. [Goremykin V.A., Krasovitsky Yu.V., Panov S.Yu., Loginov A.V. Energy-saving dust collection in the production of ceramic pigments by the "dry" method [Text]. - Voronezh: Voronezh. state University, 2001. - 296 p. - S.85-87]. When the dust and gas stream is tangentially introduced into the cyclone through a spiral inlet pipe, the rectilinear motion of the gas stream is converted into rotational. The flow of dusty gas moves in a cyclone down a spiral. Dust particles, as heavier ones, are pressed against the inner surface of the conical body of the cyclone under the action of centrifugal force and slide down it to the nozzle to remove dust. The dust-free gas is removed from the cyclone through an exhaust pipe at the top of the cyclone.

The efficiency of the cyclone depends on the gas velocity in the inlet fitting and the diameter of the cylindrical part of the cyclone, which determine the residence time of the dusty gas in the cyclone.

The disadvantage of this cyclone design is the low dust collection efficiency due to the fact that when a solid particle comes into contact with a wall, it can bounce off the wall and return to the cleaned gas stream, and with an increase in the gas velocity and a decrease in the diameter of the conical part, the probability of solid particles breaking off the body surface increases and their entrainment into the purified gas stream, which also leads to a decrease in the efficiency of dust collection, large dimensions of the apparatus.

A known cyclone filter with a rotating element for gas purification [RF Patent No. 2336954, IPC ВО4С 9/00, ВО1D 50/00 Published on 10.27.2008. Bull. No. 13], in which the dust collection efficiency is increased due to a tangentially located inlet pipe providing preliminary gas purification in a centrifugal field and a rotating filter element, which is also an exhaust pipe, the filter element is rotated by belt and friction gears from a wind wheel driven cleaned gas stream, the rotation of the filter element causes the appearance of centrifugal forces acting on the sediment dust, which provides continuous regeneration of the filter layer.

The disadvantage of this design of the cyclone filter is the low dust collection efficiency due to the fact that the dust and gas stream through the tangentially located inlet pipe enters the lower part of the cylindrical body and moves upward in a spiral, entraining large particles of the dispersed phase, which must be deposited by gravity down . This reduces the efficiency of centrifugal separation, due to the fact that the rotating filter element is located above the inlet of the dust and gas stream, so the dust residue removed from the surface by centrifugal forces again enters the upward flow and is again deposited on the filter surface.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a self-regenerating filter cyclone for cleaning gases from continuous dust [RF Patent No. 2361649, IPC V01D 50/00, V04C 9/00, Publ. July 20, 2009, Bull. No. 15], consisting of a cylindrical body with a cover and a conical bottom; a tangentially located fitting for introducing a dust and gas stream and a fitting for removing purified gas; a filter element made of a porous material with a bound structure rotating from an external source. The body of this design is divided by a partition into the chambers of dusty and purified gas. A fitting for introducing dusty gas is located at the bottom of the chamber of dusty gas, and a fitting for discharging purified gas is located on the cover of the chamber for purified gas. The conical bottom is made in the form of an annular channel of two backwardly located truncated cones, the lateral surfaces of which make an angle with the vertical angle less than the angle of repose of the captured dust, and acts as a cyclone and a dust discharge device with an annular fitting. Filters are located in the dusty gas chamber. They are made of a porous material with a bound structure, have a star-shaped shape and are driven (n = 1 min ^-1 ) from the star-shaped drive element with the meshing with a bristle surface made with it that is involuted, capable of changing its rotation frequency, and also making intermittent reciprocating motion along the axis of its rotation from an external source. The drive and meshing star-shaped filter elements have perforated hollow axis of rotation, the upper end of which is installed in the bearing units and has a purified gas chamber.

The disadvantage of a self-regenerating cyclone filter is the insufficiently high degree of purification of the dust and gas stream, high energy consumption, low productivity and low operating life due to the supply of the dust and gas stream to the lower part of the cylindrical body, which leads to swirling of the stream in the tapering cylindrical bottom and the formation of an upward stream free of fine dust in the zone of removal of sediment from the side surface of the filters, and this in turn causes a re-entrainment of part of the dust into the gas stream and settling e her again on the side of the filters. In addition, the device has the disadvantages of conical tapering cyclones: increased hydraulic resistance; difficulties with the removal of dust deposited on the walls; the appearance of turbulence of dust and gas flow in the conical part of the apparatus, leading to a decrease in the efficiency of dust collection.

The technical task of the utility model is the development of a cyclone filter, which allows to increase the efficiency and quality of gas cleaning from dust due to more complete removal of solid particles in the cyclone filter, productivity by increasing the driving force of the filtering process and the service life during periodic regeneration of its surface without stopping operation cyclone filter, reduce the size of the cyclone filter for dust collection, reduce the production area used for the cyclone filter.

The technical problem of the utility model is achieved by the fact that in a cyclone filter, including a housing with a cover, divided by a partition into dusty and purified gas chambers, a conical bottom and a dust outlet in the form of an annular channel and a filter element made of porous material with a connected structure, fixed in bearing units, made to rotate around its axis from an external source and located in the center of the housing, new is that the dusty gas chamber is made in the form of expanding to the bottom a truncated cone, and the filter element in the form of a truncated cone tapering to the bottom, while the lateral surface of the dusty gas chamber and the outer surface of the filter element form an annular channel expanding towards the bottom for a moving dusty gas, and the filter element is configured for short intermittent rotation around its axis in the direction opposite to the gas velocity vector and carried out while reducing its productivity, the nozzle for introducing dusty gas is located in It frustoconical portion dusty gas chamber.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the efficiency and quality of gas cleaning from dust, increase the productivity of the apparatus and reduce energy consumption for the process, increase the reliability of the cyclone filter, ensure continuous operation of the filter by periodically regenerating its surface without stopping the cyclone filter, and reducing resistance filtering process and increase the rate of deposition of solid particles from the dust and gas stream, reliability, compactness of the apparatus and ease of use plowing and its manufacture.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a cyclone filter; figure 2 - tangential entry of dusty dust and gas flow into the annular channel between the cyclone body and the filter surface (section along aa); figure 3. - conical bottom (section along BB); 4 is a diagram of the action of centrifugal force on a solid particle on the surface of the expanding cyclone body.

The cyclone filter consists of a housing 1 with a cover 2, divided by a partition 3 into a crude gas chamber 4 with a tangentially located nozzle 6 for introducing a dusty stream, with an annular nozzle 12 and a conical bottom 11, consisting of two truncated cones, housing 1 and a filter element of a porous material with a connected structure 8, mounted in the bearing units 9 on the shaft 10 and made with the possibility of rotation around its axis from an external source and located in the center of the housing, and the camera is cleaned gas 5 with a fitting for removing clean gas 7.

The cyclone filter works as follows.

The dust and gas flow through the nozzle 6, which is installed tangentially to the housing 1 of the cyclone filter in its upper part, enters the apparatus and rotates in it at a certain peripheral speed, which leads to the appearance of a centrifugal force acting on the dust particles and pressing them against the wall of the dusty gas chamber 4 cyclone filter housings 1. In this case, the centrifugal force R _c (Fig. 1) is directed normally with respect to the axis of rotation of the dust and gas stream and, due to the non-parallelism of the chamber wall of the dusty gas and the axis of rotation of R _c, decomposes components: normal component P _n (pressure force) and tangential component P _τ . In this case, the pressure force of the particle on the wall P _n (the normal component of the centrifugal force) is reduced compared with the centrifugal force, which leads to a decrease in the friction force of the solid particle on the wall, and, therefore, to a decrease in the probability of the particle bouncing off the wall and returning it to the gas stream . The appearance of the tangential component of the centrifugal force P _τ acting on the solid particle and directed along the wall leads to an increase in the resulting force (including the particle’s gravity), which causes its downward movement.

This contributes to an increase in the rate of deposition of a solid particle (decrease in the time of their separation from the dust and gas stream), and, consequently, to an increase in the performance of the cyclone filter. Simultaneously with the rotation, the dusty gas stream spirals downward into the expanding channel, formed by the lateral surface of the dusty gas chamber 4 and filter element 8. When the stream moves in the expanding channel, its velocity decreases, and the static pressure in it increases. A decrease in the velocity of the gas flow leads to a decrease in the inertial forces acting on the solid particles located both in the gas flow and moving along the wall of the chamber 4 to the bottom 11, contributes to their more rapid deposition into the conical bottom and output through the annular fitting 12. The increase in static pressure in a gas stream during its movement in a dusty gas chamber 4 expanding towards the bottom, leads to an increase in excess pressure on the outer surface of the filter element with respect to the inner cavity of the filter (the driving force ECCA filtering). Under the influence of this pressure differential, a gas stream freed from the bulk of the solid particles in the cyclone passes through the porous side surface of the filter 8 and is simultaneously freed from the smallest dust particles, the size of which is determined by the structure of the porous filter material. Dust particles are deposited on the surface of the filter and form a sediment layer, and the cleaned gas stream from the filter’s internal cavity, fixed in the bearing unit 9 in the separation partition 3, enters the cleaned gas chamber 5 and is discharged from the apparatus through the nozzle 7 mounted on the cover 2. The increase in static pressure on the filter surface is accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the area of its filter surface (due to a decrease in its diameter), which ensures the same performance over the entire height of the filter and a uniform thickness of the sediment layer on its surface. Upon reaching a certain thickness of the sediment layer on the filter surface and the corresponding pressure drop and minimum filter performance, for a given pressure drop on the filter element, an external motor is switched on, which drives the shaft 10 with the filter 8 located on it for a short rotation, and the direction of rotation the filter is opposite to the velocity vector of the swirling gas flow, which contributes to a significant increase in the relative velocity of gas on the surface a rotating filter and the separation of the layer of sediment formed under the action of centrifugal force arising from the rotation of the filter. The sediment is thrown into the swirling gas stream and onto the wall of the dusty gas chamber, along it slides down to the conical bottom 11 and along the lateral surfaces of the tapering annular channel from two backwardly located truncated cones to the annular dust outlet 12.

Using the proposed cyclone filter allows you to:

- increase the efficiency of gas purification from dust by removing solid particles of various fractions from the dust and gas stream;

- work with dusty streams with different concentrations of solid phase;

- to ensure the continuous operation of the cyclone filter due to the periodic regeneration of its surface without stopping the operation of the cyclone filter;

- increase the rate of deposition of solid particles from the dust and gas stream by reducing the resistance to the filtering process,

- increase the productivity of the device;

- reduce energy costs for the process;

- increase the reliability of the work;

- maintain the compactness of the apparatus and ensure ease of use and manufacture;

- reduce the used production space;

- to optimize the filter regeneration process by periodic short-term rotation.

Claims (1)

A cyclone filter, including a housing with a lid, divided by a partition into dusty and purified gas chambers, a conical bottom and a dust outlet in the form of an annular channel and a filter element made of porous material with a connected structure, mounted in bearing units, made to rotate around its axis from an external source and located in the center of the housing, characterized in that the dusty gas chamber is made in the form of a truncated cone expanding downward, and the filter element is in the form of a narrowing downward from the truncated cone, while the lateral surface of the dusty gas chamber and the outer surface of the filter element form an annular channel expanding downward for a moving dusty gas, and the filter element is capable of short-term intermittent rotation around its axis in the direction opposite to the gas velocity vector, and while reducing its performance, the fitting for entering dusty gas is located in the upper part of the truncated cone of the chamber of dusty gas.