RU102009U1 - INSTALLATION FOR FLUID IRONING OF EXTERNAL SURFACES OF PARTS TYPE "VAL" - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. Installation for flow ironing of the external surfaces of parts of the "shaft" type, including a bath with electrolyte, at least one working chamber with anodes located in it, a current source, characterized in that it contains located above the level of electrolyte directly above the bath or near a unit of rotation of the workpiece in the horizontal plane, the working chamber is made open from above with the possibility of placing on the surface of the workpiece passing through an opening in the wall perpendicular to the axis of rotation Nia, the chamber being provided with a nozzle for pumping electrolyte from the bath from the bottom upwards along the axis of rotation, and the anodes are formed as rods or plates of mild steel anode covers. ! 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the camera is configured to change its width depending on the length of the surface to be coated by moving the camera wall along the axis of rotation, and the hole in the camera wall is equipped with a set of ring inserts or disk screens mounted on the part close to the walls of the chamber in accordance with the diameter of the part. ! 3. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains screens to ensure uniform distribution of iron sediment on the generatrix of the surface to be coated, located between the anodes and the part. ! 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that for coating the surfaces of parts having an eccentricity, the rotation unit is equipped with a device for moving the working chamber to move exactly together with the eccentric surface, without touching it. ! 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that to ensure the installation of the working chamber for

Description

The utility model relates to devices for flow ironing of the external surfaces of parts of the “shaft” type by cold electrolyte by a cold method.

The ironing process is the deposition of metal on the repaired surface of a part in aqueous solutions of iron salts. He found wide application in the restoration of parts with wear from a few micrometers to 1.5 mm per side. The productivity of the ironing process is about 10 times higher than with chromium plating. The average metal deposition rate is 0.40 ... 1.2 μm / s, and the current metal yield is 93 ... 97%.

Ironing is carried out in baths or in a flax method. When restoring large-sized parts of a complex configuration (cylinder blocks, crankcases of gearboxes and rear axles, crankshafts, and others), difficulties arise in the bathtubs related to the isolation of places that are not to be covered (their surface area is tens of times larger than the covered area), and the complicated suspension configuration devices, the need to have large bathtubs, rapid contamination of electrolytes, etc. For the ironing of such parts, the non-wound method is used.

The principle of implanted ironing is the creation of a local bath (electrolytic cell) in the coating area while maintaining the traditional ironing technology. In this case, the uncovered surfaces are not insulated, and the depletion of the near-cathode layer is reduced.

A known installation for applying electrochemical coatings on the necks of the crankshaft (RF patent for the invention №2011695, IPC C25D 17/06). This installation contains a bath, power supply system, upper, middle and lower base plates, a rotation drive, racks connected to the middle and lower base plates, cells with external semi-ring cheeks, a horizontal rod of electrically conductive material, one end of which is connected to the anode, and the other with the ability to connect to the power supply system. Each cell is made with internal semi-ring cheeks, a sleeve and a frame with two trunnions, mounted with the possibility of vertical movement and fixing on the uprights, with the horizontal rod installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement, and the sleeve is placed in the frame with the possibility of oscillation. The disadvantages of this technical solution include: the need to isolate all balances, because the shaft is completely immersed in the electrolyte, the occurrence of zones of non-covering in the upper part of the neck due to the accumulation of gas hydrogen bubbles due to the vertical location of the shaft in the electrolyte, the lack of control over the quality of surface preparation, the possibility of short circuit dendrites, the possibility of breakdown of the rod-counterweight. It is also worth noting the sharp rise in the cost of the technological process due to the complexity of manufacturing anodes of a specific form of employees no more than 2-3 times.

The closest solution taken as a prototype is a device for restoring the crankshaft necks with galvanic coatings (copyright certificate No. 1258892 IPC C25D 17/06). The installation also contains an electrolyte bath, a shaft rotation drive, long rods with flat parallel screens, between which there is one anode for each shaft neck. Additional short rods with anodes are mounted on the neck of the shaft and pivotally connected to the long rods, with semicircular cutouts made in flat parallel screens to accommodate the shaft necks. This technical solution has several disadvantages. The shaft is immersed in the bath, therefore, firstly, it is necessary to isolate the necks that do not need to be restored, secondly, it is impossible to control both the quality of preparation of the surface to be coated and the progress of the ironing process, and thirdly, the current lead to the shaft is complicated. Also in this device, the supply of fresh electrolyte to the root necks is limited. Since the anode devices of the connecting rod journals are driven by screens resting on the neck, the coating under the screens will be thinner, and with a large coating thickness the screen may wedge.

The objective of this utility model is to coat without immersing the part in the bath, and, therefore, without isolating uncoated surfaces and obtaining uniform coatings both around the circumference and along the generatrix. At the same time, constant visual control is provided, both for surface preparation and for the coating process.

The technical result consists in improving the quality of the coating and reducing the number of operations of the process.

The problem is solved in that the installation for flow ironing of the external surfaces of parts of the "shaft" type includes a bath with electrolyte, at least one working chamber with anodes located in it, a current source and a rotation block of the workpiece located directly above the electrolyte level above or near the bathtub. The working chamber is made open from above with the possibility of placing the part on the surface to be covered through an opening in the wall perpendicular to the axis of rotation, the chamber is equipped with a nozzle for supplying electrolyte with a pump from the bath from the bottom up along the axis of rotation. The anodes located in the chamber are made in the form of rods or plates of mild steel in the anode covers. The camera can be made with the possibility of changing its width depending on the length of the surface to be coated by moving the camera wall along the axis of rotation. The camera hole is equipped with a set of annular inserts or disk screens mounted on the part close to the chamber walls in accordance with the diameter of the part. To ensure the installation of the working chamber on the coated surfaces of complex parts of the chamber wall, perpendicular to the axis of rotation, made detachable, and the connector line runs horizontally. The installation may additionally contain screens to ensure uniform distribution of iron sediment on the generatrix of the surface to be coated, located between the anodes and the part. To cover surfaces having an eccentricity, the rotation unit is equipped with a device that allows the working chamber to move exactly together with the eccentric surface without touching it.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a General view of the proposed installation, figure 2 the design of the working chamber, figure 3 - working chamber, placed on the part, side view, figure 4 - working chamber with the anodes and screens placed in it, .5 - rotation block, top view.

The positions in the drawings indicate:

1. iron bath;

2. part rotation unit

3. source of asymmetric and direct current;

4. plastic container

5. pump

6. working chamber

7. dispenser

8. electrolyte filtration system

9. side suction

10. cap

11. frame of the rotation unit

12. drive

13. conductor

14. detent parts

15. roller prisms

16. plastic pallet

17. drain hole

18. lock working camera

19. device for moving the working chambers

20. hole for placing the part

21. drain hole

22. ring

23. anode

24. non-conductive screen

25. nozzle

26. shaft

27. bracket

28. pinion

29. driven gear

30. disk

31. connecting rod

32. disk screen

The installation consists of a bath with ironing electrolyte 1, a block of rotation of the part 2 and a source of asymmetric and constant currents 3.

The bath is a plastic container 4, on which an acid-resistant pump 5, an electrolyte filtration system 8, airborne suction pumps 9 and a cover 10 are placed.

The pump 5 is designed to supply electrolyte to the working chamber 6 through the distributor 7.

The rotation unit 2 consists of a frame 11 on which are mounted: a drive 12, which is a reduced electric motor with a speed of 6-12 rpm, a current lead 13 and a device for fixing the part 14; two roller prisms 15 capable of moving along the axis of rotation, one of which is removable; a plastic tray 16 with a drain hole 17 and the latches of the stationary working chambers 18, a device for moving the working chambers 19 in a plane perpendicular to their axis of rotation when coating surfaces having an eccentricity.

Working chambers 6 by the number of covered surfaces of the part are placed on the covered surface of the part. In this case, chambers for coating on axisymmetric surfaces are fixedly mounted, and when coating eccentric surfaces, chambers move in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

The current lead 13 is a copper or bronze bushing pressed onto the drive shaft and 2-4 copper-graphite brushes depending on the transmitted current.

The locking device 14 is a sleeve with a flange mounted on the drive shaft, in which three through grooves are cut radially through 120 ° for connecting parts to the flange. Conventional shafts are fixed with three bolts that are screwed into the threaded holes in the sleeve body at an angle of 120 °.

The drive can be moved in the vertical direction so that the axis of rotation is always horizontal, regardless of the diameters of the surfaces fixed and resting on the roller prism.

A plastic tray 16 is used to collect the electrolyte being drained from the working chambers and return it to the bath 1 through filters 8. The working chamber clamps 18 allow you to install them on the coated surfaces of the part and hold them during rotation of the part.

The working chamber 6 (figure 2) is an open top plastic plating bath placed on the coated surface of the part so that the part passes into it through the hole 20 in one if the surface to be coated at the end of the part, or both if the middle part of the part is covered chamber walls perpendicular to the axis of rotation. These holes are located so that the surface of the part is completely immersed in the electrolyte, the level of which is set by the drain hole 21.

To fit the working chamber 6 along the length of the surface to be coated, one of the walls perpendicular to the axis of rotation is made movable along the axis of rotation. Tightness is ensured by an acid-alkali-resistant rubber gasket.

The holes 20 are adjusted to the diameter of the surface to be coated by installing either additional rings 22 on the camera openings, or disk screens 32 on the part close to the surface to be covered, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the hole 20. The rings and screens do not provide complete tightness, however, if they are installed correctly, the flow must be much less than the volume of the electrolyte pump.

The walls of the working chambers perpendicular to the axis of rotation can be split (Fig. 2), while the line of the connector runs along the axial hole 20 horizontally.

On both sides of the working chamber 6, the parts are placed in covers of chlorine or polypropylene fabric anodes 23 in the form of rods or plates of low carbon steel, one or more, depending on the length of the surface to be coated.

If necessary, plate non-conductive screens 24 are placed between the anode and the part, allowing the selection of their width and distance from the part to obtain the same coating thickness along the forming part.

The electrolyte is fed into the chamber through a nozzle 25 installed on the bottom, with the nozzle slit parallel to the axis of rotation, and the electrolyte stream directed toward the lower surface of the part.

The device for moving the working chambers 19 perpendicular to the axis of rotation when coating eccentric surfaces is a shaft 26 with a keyway mounted parallel to the axis of rotation, connected by a chain or belt drive to the drive shaft 12 so that the direction and speed of rotation are the same. On the shaft 26, 1-6 brackets 27 are mounted. The bracket body made of stainless steel sheet is held on the shaft by two caprolon or fluoroplastic bushes acting as sliding bearings, thus the bracket moves freely along the shaft and can be installed opposite the eccentric surface of a particular part, and when rotated the shaft remains in position, turning relative to it. Between the bushings of the bracket on the shaft is the drive gear 28, which can be fixed on the shaft with a removable key. On two axes mounted on the bracket so that their axes are at a distance equal to the distance between the clamps of the connecting rods of the working chamber, two driven gears 29 are installed on the plastic bearings, identical to the drive gear and the associated belt drive. Thus, these gears rotate at the same speed and in the same direction as the drive shaft. On driven gears coaxially mounted there are disks 30 having a radial groove in which the axis of the connecting rod 31 can be moved and fixed. The working chamber is suspended on these connecting rods 31.

If the rotation unit is installed above the bath, additional ventilation is not required; if the unit is located nearby, it is necessary to install an umbrella or slotted air exhaust from the working area.

Installation works as follows. Place the prepared and degreased part on the rotation unit 2 so that the axis of rotation is horizontal and fix it in the retainer of the drive shaft 14. Install fixed chambers on the surfaces to be covered on the axis of rotation and fix them. Moving along the key shaft, install the brackets opposite the eccentric surfaces to be coated on the part and lower them to the working position. Leave the unused brackets inoperative and remove the removable dowels of the drive gears. By rotating the gears, set the grooves of the discs on the driven gears parallel to the straight line connecting the axis of rotation with the axis of the eccentric surface, i.e. set the crank angle for each surface. Move the axles of the connecting rods in the grooves of the discs and strengthen them so that the distance between the centers of the disc and the axis is equal to the radius of the crank. Suspend and secure the working chambers on the connecting rods. Open the distributor valves for the cameras involved. Turn on the rotation of the part, then the pump. After filling the chambers to the drain level, turn on the rectifier and prepare the surfaces to be coated - preliminary and then non-polluting etching, visually monitoring the quality of the preparation. Remove residual sludge on the surface with a hair brush. Turn on the asymmetric current at the initial cathode-anode ratio, carry out a mode of smoothly reducing the anode component to the cathode-anode ratio of 10, switch to the initial direct current, which smoothly bring to working - 5 A / dm ² in 5 minutes and build up the iron layer to given thickness.

The universal current source, which is part of the installation, conducts the preparation and coating mode automatically, after it has been assigned the process program number and the surface area to be covered.

If the source is insufficient for simultaneous conductionless etching of all surfaces, it is possible to conduct it alternately, switching the already etched surfaces to the initial asymmetric current.

At the end of the build-up process, turn off the current, pump and rotation, remove the chambers, and then remove the part from the rotation unit and rinse.

Claims (5)

1. Installation for flow ironing of the external surfaces of parts of the "shaft" type, including a bath with electrolyte, at least one working chamber with anodes located in it, a current source, characterized in that it contains located above the level of electrolyte directly above the bath or near a unit of rotation of the workpiece in the horizontal plane, the working chamber is made open from above with the possibility of placing on the surface of the workpiece passing through an opening in the wall perpendicular to the axis of rotation Nia, the chamber being provided with a nozzle for pumping electrolyte from the bath from the bottom upwards along the axis of rotation, and the anodes are formed as rods or plates of mild steel anode covers. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the camera is configured to change its width depending on the length of the surface to be coated by moving the camera wall along the axis of rotation, and the hole in the camera wall is equipped with a set of ring inserts or disk screens mounted on the part close to the walls of the chamber in accordance with the diameter of the part. 3. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains screens to ensure uniform distribution of iron sediment on the generatrix of the surface to be coated, located between the anodes and the part. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that for coating the surfaces of parts having an eccentricity, the rotation unit is equipped with a device for moving the working chamber to move exactly together with the eccentric surface, without touching it. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that to ensure the installation of the working chamber to cover the surface of complex parts of the chamber wall, perpendicular to the axis of rotation, made detachable, and the connector line runs horizontally.