RU101376U1 - COMPLEX OF CONDENSATION AND SCATTERING OF VAPORS OF OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The technical result of the proposal is to ensure the capture of PVA emissions and their return (in the form of a commercial product) to storage tanks, with recovery efficiency up to 85 ÷ 90. The condensation and dispersion complex for oil and oil products contains a condensation and separation unit, an ejection and dispersion unit, an intermediate refrigerant and cooling unit, and the condensation and separation unit is made in the form of a heat exchanger-condenser and separator located in a single housing, the cooling unit and the intermediate refrigerant supply is in communication with the heat exchanger-condenser, and the ejection and dispersion unit is connected to the separator. 1 cpf, 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of purification from hydrocarbons of a gas-vapor medium released into the atmosphere, which is formed during the storage of oil or gasoline or when filling a tank with it.

The damage caused by the loss of oil products and oil during their storage, discharge, refueling consists not only in reducing fuel resources and the cost of lost products, but also in the negative impact on the atmospheric air, as well as the surrounding natural environment as a whole.

The list of technological operations during which emissions of a steam-air mixture of hydrocarbons (PVA) with air into the atmosphere are possible.

Gas stations:

- PVA emissions during the discharge of petroleum products into gas station tanks;

- total emissions of PVA from gas tanks of automobiles during refueling;

- PVA emissions during “small breaths” during the storage of petroleum products at gas stations.

Oil depots:

- PVA emissions when filling tanks so-called "Big breaths";

- PVA emissions during refueling of automobile and railway vehicles;

- PVA emissions during storage "small breaths";

- PVA emissions during pumping of oil products from one tank to another for technological purposes of filling stations (mini, medium, large);

- PVA emissions from the discharge of marketable petroleum products into storage tanks;

- PVA emissions during refueling of railway tanks, river tankers;

- emissions of oil vapor during its transshipment for technological purposes;

- PVA emissions during storage of commercial petroleum products.

Oil loading stations and terminals (sea, river):

- PVA emissions from filling ground storage tanks for oil and oil products;

- PVA emissions during refueling of tanker tanks (sea, river);

- PVA emissions from the storage of oil and oil products in ground tanks.

For the estimated calculation of the maximum losses during hydrocarbon discharges, we accept a number of assumptions:

- the product is gasoline (has a high vapor emission).

- the volume of the displaced PVA is equal to the volume of the discharge of liquid gasoline (flow rate 1 m3 / hour)

- the temperature of gasoline is equal to the ambient temperature (20 ° C - the average summer temperature for the Moscow region).

- concentration of saturated vapors of gasoline at a given temperature, 1.0 kg / m3.

Example: losses during unloading operations at gas stations. When refueling cars with gasoline at a gas station from a gas tank, vapors enter the surrounding area at a temperature of 20 ° C in the amount of 1.0 kg per 1 m3 of product sold. At this stage - this is a product paid by the buyer.

The return method is switching to a fuel dispenser with a balance system and equipping recovery units. During the discharge of gasoline from a fuel truck in a gas station tank, a volley of PVA from a gas station tank occurs in an amount higher than 1.0 kg per 1 m3 of gasoline to be drained.

The return method is to equip recovery units or switch to a closed technology for discharging a product from a fuel truck with the return of the PVA from the gas station capacity to the fuel truck compartments. Ultimately, the fuel truck after the discharge will still be delivered to the tank farm with saturated vapors of gasoline, regardless of whether it is closed or open. Only with the closed method, vapors that were in the gas station capacity will be delivered to the tank farm, and with the open method, the vapors that are in the gas station tank will be released into the atmosphere, and the third portion of vapors will be formed in the fuel tank compartments due to evaporation in the amount of 1.0 kg / m3, which is delivered to the tank farm and will be displaced into the atmosphere when filling the next portion of gasoline. The return method is to equip recovery units. In total, during the discharge (filling) of gasoline (for gas stations), for each cubic meter of transshipment volume (“big breaths”), losses without equipping with recovery technologies will amount to 3.0 kg / m3, which is 4.3 liters of gasoline.

In addition, during the storage of petroleum products at the gas station from the storage tanks, PVA emissions occur due to daily fluctuations in ambient temperature “small breaths” with an intensity of 0.3 to 50 m3 / hour.

According to a similar scheme, it is possible to tentatively determine the loss of oil products during various technological operations in which PVA emissions are possible (listed above). As you can see, losses are significant, so the introduction of recovery technologies becomes economically viable. Another important aspect of PVA emissions is the need to comply with environmental requirements for emissions of organic compounds into the atmosphere. These standards require the limitation of hydrocarbon vapor emissions (international standards are 35 mg / m3), which additionally speaks in favor of the application of vapor recovery technologies. The emission standards for hazardous pollutants that make up PVA are even stricter. The situation is aggravated by the fact that the majority of oil depots in Russia and the CIS are located within the urban area, so the task of environmental safety, as well as fire and explosion safety of industrial facilities, is becoming paramount, since the consequences of accidents in this case are catastrophic. The negative impact of PVA emissions on gas stations is manifested to a greater extent, since emissions come from sources 2–3 m high from the earth’s surface, mainly gas stations are also located in large megalopolises with a high building density and a significant concentration of vehicles. Current environmental standards and regulations require all available means to achieve a reduction in PVA emissions into the atmosphere. The use of only recovery technologies allows not only to significantly reduce the amount of air emissions and prevent the danger of explosive concentrations of hydrocarbon vapors during transshipment of flammable liquids, but also to obtain a recoverable product that does not enter the environment but returns to the tank farm and at the same time fully retains its commodity properties. Thus, of all currently existing technologies that prevent PVA emissions, these are:

- adsorption using activated carbon;

- absorption using a cold absorbent;

- their combination (adso-absorption);

- jet absorption using a cold absorbent;

A known installation for cleaning hydrocarbons from a vapor-gas medium formed during the storage of oil or gasoline or when filling a tank with oil or gasoline, comprising a pump, a liquid-gas jet apparatus, a separator with a gaseous phase outlet and an absorption column (RU 2193443 C1, 11.27.2002).

A disadvantage of the known installation is that it does not allow to provide a high degree of purification from hydrocarbons of the vapor-gas medium, it is quite complex and energy-intensive.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to expand the arsenal of hardware.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is:

- ensuring the capture of PVA emissions and their return (in the form of a commercial product) to storage tanks, with recovery efficiency up to 85 ÷ 90%;

- safety of recovery processes;

- high reliability for failure (all units are redundant and turn on automatically after possible main failures);

- the hydraulic resistance of the recovery units is minimal;

- the concentration of both LFU and OZ does not exceed 0.5 MPC of the working area at a distance of 50 meters from the source of PVA emission;

- absence of contaminated secondary waste;

- simplicity and flexibility of recovery processes (automatic change of technological parameters of the process after changing the volume or temperature of PVA emissions);

- auxiliary technological substances or liquids used in recovery technologies are non-toxic, not fire and explosion hazard;

- recovery units are manufactured in a modular design, are easily mounted with a minimum amount of welding and construction work;

- energy consumption may be less than 0.09 kW / h per 1 m3 of processed PVA emissions, depending on the concentration at the inlet and requirements for the level of emissions into the atmosphere;

- The minimum operating period under normal operating conditions is at least 10 years.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the condensation and dispersion complex of oil and oil products contains a condensation and separation unit, an ejection and dispersion unit, a cooling and supply unit of an intermediate coolant, while the condensation and separation unit is made in the form of a heat exchanger-condenser and a separator located in a single case, and the cooling unit and the supply of intermediate refrigerant is in communication with the heat exchanger-condenser, and the ejection and dispersion unit is connected to the separator.

The heat exchanger-condenser is made in the form of tube plates with pipes installed in them, connected to the cooling unit, while the separator is in communication with the heat exchanger-condenser and placed under it.

The drawing shows the proposed complex.

The condensation and dispersion complex of vapors of oil and oil products contains a condensation and separation unit 1, an ejection and dispersion unit 2, an intermediate refrigerant carrier cooling and supply unit 3, while the condensation and separation unit 1 is made in the form of a heat exchanger-condenser 4 and a separator 5 located in a single the case, and the block 3 of cooling and supplying the intermediate refrigerant is in communication with the heat exchanger-condenser 4, and the block 2 of ejection and dispersion is connected to the separator 5.

The heat exchanger-condenser is made in the form of tube plates with pipes installed in them (not shown in the drawing) connected to the cooling unit, while the separator is in communication with the heat exchanger-condenser and placed under it.

The KKR operation technology consists in cooling PVA emissions to a temperature of -20 ° C with subsequent separation of the gas-condensate mixture on a separator, an original design. The process of condensation and separation is implemented in block 1 of condensation and separation (combined in a single housing heat exchanger-condenser and separator). During the separation of the gas-condensate mixture, processes of mass transfer and heat transfer, as well as the dissolution of the non-condensed part in cold condensate, additionally occur. The resulting condensate (recovered product) is collected and drained by gravity into a storage tank. The rest (10–15%) of the PVA emission is ejected and scattered into the atmosphere at speeds of up to 30–40 m / s through the ventilation unit 6 and the ejection and dispersion unit 2.

Depending on the change in the thermal load on the KKR (change in the PVA emission volume or its temperature), the cooling capacity of the refrigeration unit automatically changes, which saves on power consumption, while constantly maintaining the set condensation temperature.

Thus, condensation-separation plants implement the technology of recovery (return) of a recoverable product of commercial quality.

Claims (2)

1. The condensation and dispersion complex of vapors of oil and oil products, characterized in that it contains a condensation and separation unit, an ejection and dispersion unit, a cooling and supply unit of an intermediate coolant, and the condensation and separation unit is made in the form of a heat exchanger-condenser and a separator located in a single housing, and the cooling and supply unit of the intermediate refrigerant is in communication with the heat exchanger-condenser, and the ejection and dispersion unit is connected to the separator. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger-condenser is made in the form of tube boards with installed pipes connected to the cooling unit, while the separator is in communication with the heat exchanger-condenser and placed under it.